Unit 13 We27re trying to save the earth!知识点整理.doc

Unit 13 Were trying to save the earth.Section A1. 区分voice,sound和 noise(1)voice一般指人的声音，如说话，唱歌，但有时也可指鸟叫的声音。The girl has a beautiful voice.(2)sound指人能听见的任何声音。Sound travels more slowly than light.(3)noise常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。The noise wakes me up.The boy didnt sleep well last night because of the_from the factory.A.voice B.noise C.music D.song2. (1)more是many和much的比较级,既可修饰可数名词复数,也可修饰不可数名词,意为“更多的” more students 更多的学生 more food更多的食物(2)less是little的比较级,修饰不可数名词,意为“更少的” less polution较少的污染(3)fewer是few的比较级,修饰可数名词复数,意为“更少的”fewer students较少的学生(1)If there were more trees on the earth,there would be l pollution.(2)All of us want to do more work with time and workers.A;fewer;less B;less;fewer C;more;much D.less;more3. (1)used to do sth.表示过去习惯性的动作或经常性的状态.He used to smoke,didnt he?(2)be used to doing sth表示“习惯于做某事”My parents are used to getting up early. (3)be used to do sth=be used for doing sth是被动结构，表示“被用来做某事”The knives are used to cut things.=The knives are used for cutting things.(1)She used to with her parents, but now she is used to_with her classmatesat school. A. live; living B.live; live C.living; living D.living; live(2)Keys_ used for _ the doors.A. is, opening B. is, opened C. are, opening D. are opened4. 辨析：be able to和can(1)be able to可用于各种时态,表示经过努力而获得的能力.(2)只有现在式(can)和过去式(could).表示自身已具有的能力或有能力做某事.(1)He could play the guitar when he was five years old.(改为同义句)He play the guitar when he was five years old.(2)Work hard, and then you will _ learn English well.A.can B.able to C.be able to D.are able to 5. (1)alone表示“单独的，独自一人的”，不含感情色彩.做形容词时，只能在be动词或系动词之后做表语，做副词时，作状语，修饰动词，相当于by oneself.He was alone in the house. I went to the movies alone，I felt lonely. (2)lonely表示“孤独的，寂寞的”含有丰富的感情色彩.lonely做形容词时，可做定语和表语。如: a lonely village 孤寂的村庄. (1)I dont have any close friends here,I feel from time to time.A.alone B.happy C.lonely D.proud(2)The old man lives alone in the small village.(改为同义句)The old man lives in the small village.(3)Though she lives _, she doesnt feel _.A.lonely, lonely B.alone, alone C.lonely, alone D.alone, lonely6. 动词不定式在句中可以作目的状语，既可放在句首，也可放在句末，意为“为了” I stayed there to see what would happen. To pass the English exam,I have to study English all day and all night. He hurried back home_his schoolbag. A.fetched B.to fetch C.fetching D.fetches7. cut down意为“减少；把砍倒；裁短；缩减” To cut down air pollution,we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. They cut down the big tree.8. 区分instead of 和instead(1)instead of doing sth意为“代替做某事”(2)instead是副词，意为“代替，相反，而，却”位于句首或句末，后不接词。She didnt play basketball. She went swimming instead.You should go shopping instead of staying at home.Lets go hiking staying at home,shall we? A good idea.A. as well as B.in order to C. instead of D. in addition to9.(1) else意为“别的，另外的”，常用在疑问词what,where,why等或不定代词、不定副词something,somewhere,anybody,nothing,someone等后面。what else=what other things 别的什么 something else一些别的东西(2)other+名词复数意为“其他的”There are other advantages of bike riding.Would you like to drink? Yes.Id like a cup of coffee.A. else something B. something else C. anything else D. else anything10.与good相关的常见搭配(1)be good at意为“擅长” =do well in I am good at math.=I do well in math.(2)be good for 意为“对有益” 反义词组是be bad for “对有害处”Swimming is good for our health.(3)be good to意为“对好” be friendly to sb=be kind to sbShe is good to us. (4)be good with意为“善于应付”Are you good with children?Miss Read is good _musicShe can be good with children in the music club.A.at, B.with C.for D.to11.(1)bring意为“带来”，表示从别处把某人或某物带到说话者所在的地方。常与here连用。bringto意为“把带到来”介词to后接人称代词宾格或地点名词。Dont forget to bring your umbrella to me.Boys and girls,please bring your pictures to the classroom tomorrow.(2)take意为“带走”，表示把某人或某物从说话者所在的地方带到别处去。常与there连用. taketo意为“把带到去”介词to后接人称代词宾格或地点名词。Dont worry.Ill take you there.(1)The No.72bus will you there.A.hold B.catch C.take D.bring(2)When you come here this afternoon. Please_ your sister_ you.A.take, with B.carry, with C.bring, with D.bring, to (3)Why dont you_your friends to the party? I want to meet them. A.bring B.brings C.leaves D.take12.(1)remember(forget) to do sth“记住(忘记)要做某事”(没做)(2)remember(forget) doing sth“记得（忘记）曾经做过某事”（做过了）Remember to return the bat to me.But I remember returning it to you.Please remember “Excuse me”when you ask for help.A. to say B. say C. talk D. to talk 13.make a difference意为“起作用，有影响” We want to make a difference to the world.14.hear of sb/sth意为“听说某人/某事的情况” hear from sb意为“收到某人的来信” I have never heard of him since he left. Have you heard of the news. How often do you_your brother?Once a month. A.hear from B.hear of C.hear to D.hear about15.表示方位的名词：east东,south南,west西,north北表示方位的形容词：eastern东部的,southern南部的,western西部的,northern北部的16.all the country=the whole country意为“整个国家”Mary is fishing with her grandpa .A. whole day B. whole the day C. the whole day D.the all day17.“死”的多种形式：(1)death名词,意为“死亡，死”My little dogs death made me very sad.(2)die动词，意为“死亡，死”，非延续性动词，如果和一段时间连用，要用be dead代替。He would rather die than lose the child.(3)dead形容词，意为“死的”His grandmother has been dead for ten years.(4)dying die的现在分词，常作形容词，意为“临死的，垂死的”The cat is dying.On April 14 ,2010,a serious earthquake happened in Yushu. More than 2000 people in it.A. dead B. death C. died D. die18.must be 一不是；cant be不可能是； may/might/could be可能是(1)Wheres Jeff? Im not sure. He be playing football on the playground.A. need B. might C. must D.can(2)He come and see you next week.But Im not sure.A.might B.must C.need(3)Henry be at home,because he phoned me from Beijing just now.A.mustnt B.cant C.must(4)The short girl be Alice.She is of medium height.A.mustnt B.cant C.may not(5)Whose book is this? It _ be Lusys. Her name is on it. A .could B. cant C. must D. might19.danger是不可名词，“危险” ；in danger “处于危险之中”dangerous 形容词“危险的”；endangered 形容词，“濒危的；濒临灭绝的”Is there any danger of fire?Its dangerous for people to swim in the river.Scientists think that the animal is endangered by pollution.His life is in danger.20. (1) join指参加某个组织；加入某个群体，并成为其中的一员。join the English club加入英语俱乐部; join the Party入党;join sb意为“加入到某人当中”join us加入我们，和我们在一起(2)take part in指参加体育运动或比赛。take an active part in sports.积极参加体育运动 (3)attend指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼，去上课，上学，听报告等。 Hell attend an important meeting tomorrow. I attended his wedding.The twins are talking about the book Who Moved My Cheese.Its fun to them.A.Join B.join in C.take part in D.enter21.afford 作动词，意为“负担得起”，常与can,could,be able to等连用，多用于否定句(1)afford sth 意为“能买得起某物”(2)afford the price意为“能负担得起的价格”(3)afford to do sth意为“能做某事”The cant afford a new car.他们买不起新车。We cant afford to buy a new house.我们买不起新房子。I want to have a computer,but I cant to buy one.A.offer B.provide C.consider D.afford22.take action意为“采取行动” We must take action before it is too late.23. by doing sth意为“通过做某事”Mr Green makes a living by teaching.by+时间，意为“不迟于，在之前”I have to go to bed by ten oclock.by+地点，意为“在旁”Jim sat down by the window.by+交通工具，意为“乘”I go to school by bike.由by构成的固定短语：by the way顺便说一下 by oneself独自=alone(1)How do you learn English so well? chatting with my uncle in America online.A. By B. With C. In D.And(2)Jackson studied Chinese by _ tapes.A. listening B. to listen C. listening to D. to listening to (3)The man called his professor for help because he couldnt solve the problem by_.A.herself B.himself C.yourself D.themselves.24. turn on打开,turn off关上,turn down把调低；关小,turn up把调大,他们都是动副短语，人称代词必须放在中间.(1)I can hardly hear what it is saying on TV.Would you please ?A.turn it up B. turn it down C.turn it on D.turn it off(2)Would you mind turning the light?Its too dark here. OK.Wait a minute,please.A. over B.on C. off D. down(3)Im reading now. Please tell him the TV a bit.A. turn upB. turn offC. to turn downD. to turn off (4)Please_the water when you brush your teeth. A.take down B.turn up C.take away D.turn off25.add up意为“全部加起来” Please add up these numbers. add to意为“把加到”Please add some salt to the noodles.Section B1. when doing sth意为“做某事时” When doing the work,you must be careful.2. throw away意为“扔掉” Dont throw away those vegetables.We can feed them to the pigs.3. put sth to good use意为“好好利用；充分利用” Hell be able to put his experience to good use in the new job.4. put up意为“张贴，搭建” put down写下，记下 put off doing sth推迟做某事 put on穿上（反义词组为take off） put away把放好 put out熄灭They put up a notice on the wall. They put up their tents near the lake.Well put off holding the sports meeting because of rain.The little boy put the bowl away after he finished his dinner.Please put down your name and address.What dress shall I put on for the party?The firemen soon put out the fire.(1)Nobody can advertisements on the wall without permission.A. put on B. put off C. put up D.put down(2)Hi,Jack.Would you please the picture on the wall?A. pick up B. look up C. get up D.put up5. pull down“拆除；拆毁；放倒” All the old houses in the street have to be pulled down.6. (1)in front of意为“在(外部的)前面”(2)in the front of意为“在(内部的)前面”(1)Can you see a red car that house?(填in front of或in the front of)(2)The man is sitting the car. (填in front of或in the front of)7. (1)be made from意为“由（原料）制成”，表示某物品制成后，已看不出原材料是什么，原材料在制作过程中已起了化学变化；Paper is made from wood. Wine is made from grapes.(2)be made of意为“由（原料）制成”，表示某物品制成后，仍可看得出原材料，其原料在制作过程中仅起了物理变化。The desk is made of wood. The shoes are made of cloth.(3)be made in+地点意思是“在（地点）被制造”，介词in后接产地。This kind of computer is made in the USAThis printing machine was made in Beijing.(4)be made by+某人意思是“由制造”，介词by后跟动作的执行者。This model ship is made by Uncle Wang. (1)This kite paper. (2)Paper wood. (3)The machines the workers. (4)The cake eggs and flour. (5)The old bridge stone. (6)This kind of drink apple. (7)This kind of watch Shanghai. (8)My sweater wool.8. win-won-won意为“赢”，后面不接人，要接比赛、奖品、钱等beat-beat-beat意为“打败；战胜”，后面接人，即beat sb.We won the basketball game.Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-meter racePlease tell me the (win)telephone number.I want to interview him.9. be an inspiration to sb意为“对某人来说是一个鼓舞人心的人或事物” Lei Feng was a great inspiration to us youth.10.set up意为“建立”。 We set up a company. The government will set up a new school here. The company wants to_a school for the poor children. A.put off B.set up C.call in D.look after11. need的用法(1)need做实义动词时后跟动词不定式和动名词两种形式,后跟不定式和动名词的区别当主语是人时,后跟动词不定式,即need to do sth意为“需要做某事”，用于肯定句I am tired,I need to have a good rest.当主语是物时,后接动名词,即need doing.“需要被做”My hair is long,it need cutting.(2) need做情态动词时,后跟动词原形,一般用于否定句和疑问句中.在回答need引导的疑问句时，其肯定回答用must；在回答 must引导的疑问句中，其否定回答用 neednt如Need I go to the party tomorrow evening? Yes,you must/No,you neednt/you dont have toMust I go home now?Yes,you must/No,you neednt/No,you dont have to(1)Must I be in hospital for a week,Doctor?No,you .You can go back home tomorrow.A.mustntB. neednt C. must(2)You need _(add) some red sugar to the soup.(3)The bike is broken,it need .(repair)12.比较级的常用句型及注意事项：(1)“比较级”+and+比较级”或“more and more+原级（多音节和部分双音节词）”意为“越来越”She is thinner and thinner. 越来越瘦Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.越来越漂亮(2)“the+比较级，the+比较级”意为“越，就越”The busier she is ,the happier she feels.(3)在使用比较级时，必须是同类人或事物的比较，否则会引起歧义。Her sweater is bigger than yours.(yours=your sweater)My shoes are cheaper than _.A. you B. your C. yours D. your one(4)比较级的比较要把前面提到的人或物排除掉。He is taller than any other student in his class.他比班里其他任何一个学生都高。(5)形容词比较级前一般不加定冠词the，但是如果是表示范围的“of the two”结构，则加定冠词the，表示“两者中较的一个”。He is the older of the two.他是这两个人中年纪较大的一个。(6)修饰形容词比较级的词有：a lot (多),a little(有点儿),a bit(有点儿),much(多),even(甚至),等(1)Why do you always watch Channel 10 instead of Channel 5,Grandpa?The programs on Channel 10 are better.A.more muchB. much moreC. more D. much(2)What a hot day!The weather report says it will be even tomorrow.A.coolerB. hotter C. wetter D. colder(7)asas是同级比较,意为“和一样”，as和as之间用形容词或副词的原级，其否定形式是not as/soas意为“不如”。如The ruler is not as long as that one.(1)Which color do you like ,blue or green? Blue.A.good B.better C.best D.the best(2)That book is not so _ as this one.A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting (3)Shanghai is one of the two cities.A.the larger B.larger C.the largest D.largest(4)Today,many girls want to be thin.They believe:The_.the_A thin ;good B thinner;well C thinner;better D thin;better(5)I think Bob is the suitable person to take the job because he can do the work well with money and people.A.less;less B.less;more C.more;fewer D.less;fewer(6) we are together, we are.A. The more; the happier B. the most; happierC. The more; the happiest D. The most; the happiest(7)What do you think of her dancing?Oh,nobody else does .A.well B. better C.best D. the bes(8)Lets buy some cards for our teachers on Teachers Day.Why not make some cards by hand?Its much .A.interesting B. more interesting C.the most interesting13.常见的就近原则的结构有：Neither nor“既不也不” (两者都不)Neither you nor I like him.Either or “或者或者” (两者中的一个)Either Lily or you are a student.Not only but also “不但而且”Not only you but also Lily likes the car. There be句型There is a banana and some oranges on the table.(1)Do you think most of the people in Beijing can talk with foreigners in English?Yes,I think so. the young the old are learning to speak English.A.Either;or B.Neither;nor C.Between;and D.Not