新世纪大学英语3-Unit7课文翻译及单词解析.doc

是什么造就了奥运冠军?约翰 E 安德森1992年，在法国阿尔贝维尔冬季奥运会上，当克里斯蒂 山口在冰场上跌倒时，观众席上一片遗憾的声音。这位20岁的运动员获得花样滑冰金牌的希望肯定会因这一失足而化为泡影。但是克里斯蒂站了起来，她灿然一笑，旋转身体，继续表演。她虽然不幸跌倒，但裁判却给她打了近乎完美的分数。她能鼓起勇气，重振旗鼓，获得了金牌，这足以证明她的决心和勇气。作为美国奥运队及许多运动员的顾问，我目睹了许多像克里斯蒂这样年轻的男女运动员：他们在关键时刻能够挖掘自身，找到发挥潜能的一种力量。他们登上领奖台，不单纯是因为运动才能，还因为他们内在的不屈不挠的意志。他们拥有梦想。克里斯蒂山口6岁时首次穿上溜冰鞋，那时她就想象自己是一名奥运冠军。邦妮华纳三度代表美国参加奥运会的仰卧滑行小雪橇比赛。她直到上了大学才有自己的梦想。之前，她从未听说过有“仰卧滑行的小雪橇”这种比赛用的雪橇。这两个年轻女子，一旦拥有梦想，就锲而不舍地、勇敢地追求，为了梦想的实现不遗余力。 最重要的是，这些运动员的父母以及周围的人都支持他们的梦想。洛雷塔道斯16岁的女儿多米尼克是代表美国参加奥运会的第一批黑人女性体操运动员之一。洛雷塔最近告诉记者说，培养一个世界一流的运动员着实不易。在1992年奥运会之前整整一年中，她很少看见自己的女儿。为了离体育馆近一点，女儿和教练住在一块，那儿离家有45分钟的车程。当有人请她给其他运动员的父母提一些建议的时候，她的回答简单却极具说服力。“相信你的孩子吧，” 她这样说。这并非意味着每个拥有奥运梦想的孩子都能有朝一日登上领奖台。但是，梦想是通向成功的第一步 哪怕当初的梦想最终让孩子走向另一条不同的道路。他们满怀激情。优秀运动员们梦寐以求的奥运圣火在他们的内心深处燃烧。他们有强大的动力，不仅要成为最优秀的运动员，还要竭尽全力去实现目标 始终不渝。正因为如此，已经获得八枚奥运金牌的卡尔 刘易斯依然筹划在36岁时再度参加1996年的奥运会，同那些年龄只有他一半的年轻人决一雌雄；铁饼运动员艾尔 奥特，在连续获得四届奥运会的金牌之后，47岁时依然为进入奥运队伍而努力。游泳健将珍尼特埃文斯在1988年的汉城奥运会上虽获得三枚金牌，但她表达了同样的心愿：四年后再次夺冠。在400米自由泳项目中，她因毫厘之差与金牌擦肩而过。随后，她完成了800米自由泳项目，这是她一生中最具有心理挑战的一次比赛，结果她夺冠胜出。“我只是想再一次登上冠军的领奖台，”她坦白地说。他们胸怀大志。我曾经让一个世界级的运动员猜测一次重大比赛的结果。“我会得第五名，”他说。他果真得了第五名。他本来可以轻而易举地名列第三，甚至是第二，因为另外两名主要对手发挥得不好。拿他和“弗洛乔” 弗洛伦斯格里菲斯乔伊纳比比吧。在1998年奥运会前一周的训练中，乔伊纳在日记中写下预计自己百米短跑夺冠的成绩：10.54秒。当弗洛乔跨过终点线时，刚好是10.54秒。她不仅能够在赛前看到自己夺冠，而且对夺冠的成绩也能作出毫秒不差的预测。他们从不放弃。1992年夏季奥运会有两个让人极度惋惜的特写镜头。在百米跨栏比赛中，本来绝对领先他人的美国短跑运动员盖尔 德弗斯在跨越最后一道障碍时绊倒在地。但她双膝跪地，极其痛苦地爬完了最后五米，虽然仅获得第五名，但是完成了比赛。更加令人心碎的是400米半决赛。英国选手德里克 雷德蒙的一条腿受了伤，跌倒在跑道上。他挣扎着站起来，只见他一瘸一拐地跑起来，显然是决心完成比赛。他的父亲从看台上跑下来，想搀扶他离开跑道，但是这个运动员拒绝放弃比赛。他倚靠着自己的父亲，父子俩蹒跚而行，直到终点，观众的掌声震耳欲聋。他们创造运气。当保罗怀利在阿尔贝维尔赢得男子花样溜冰比赛的银牌时，除他以外，所有的人都很惊讶。本来有望得奖的几位选手有的受伤了，有的发挥不好。“没有人会想到我能登上领奖台，”怀利说，“但是，之前我拼了命地训练，当最有希望获胜的运动员比赛失利时，我已作好了夺冠的准备。”我所了解的这些奥运选手，为了那个辉煌的时刻，日复一日、年复一年地埋头苦干。溜冰运动员凌晨四时起身，为的是在溜冰场向公众开放之前挤出几个小时的训练时间。自行车竞技运动员在每天上班前，进行长达几小时的长跑训练。拳击运动员每天都前往体育馆进行不懈的训练。奥运会上运气当然重要，这和生活的其他领域一样。当最优秀的单簧管手生病时，屈居第二但是勤奋练习的乐手就有幸获得独奏的机会。这就像在紧急情况下助理销售经理填补老板的位置一样。当然，在这两种情况下，要填补上来的人必须为自己的巨大转机作好准备。在奥运会上 在任何情况下 好运只光顾那些做好准备迎接好运的人。Words and Phrasesrise to ones feet stand up 站起来1. The hostess rose to her feet and went to the door to welcome the guest. 2. As he was feeling bored with the speakers lengthy speech, he rose to his feet and left the meeting hall without being noticed.Flash fl v. 1) make a sudden bright light with 使闪耀，使闪光 2) show sth. to sb. quickly 亮出，闪出Drivers are not supposed to flash their lights at oncoming vehicles.1. A boy was missing and his name was flashed up on the cinema screen.2. He flashed his pass at the security guard.Spin spin v. (span spn or spun spn, spun) (cause to) turn round and round fast （使）快速旋转1. The teacher stopped writing and spun round to see who was making such a big noise. 2. The audience burst into loud applause when the figure skater started spinning faster and faster.Consultant knsltnt n. (to) a person who gives specialist professional advice to others 常与to连用 顾问1. He is a consultant to the president on foreign affairs.2. Mr. Miller was happy to act as a consultant to the company.dozens of infml lots of; very many 非正式很多1. Im quite familiar with the place because Ive been there dozens of times. 2. He has won dozens of medals for his outstanding achievements in sports.bring out cause to be seen; make clear 发挥；显示出1. A crisis can bring out the best as well as the worst in people.2. Fatherhood (父亲的身份) seems to have brought out the caring side of him.Champion tmpin n. a person who has won a competition of skill, strength, etc., esp. a sporting competition （尤指体育比赛中的）冠军，优胜者1. We all went to the airport to welcome the table tennis world champions in mens singles and womens singles. 2. As a champion swimmer, he is sure to win again this time.take shape develop towards completion 形成，成形1. We watched the vase begin to take shape in the potters (制陶工人) hands.2. The idea to set up his own company gradually took shape in his mind. bring up educate and care for (a child) until grown-up 养育，教养（孩子）1. He was brought up to believe that money is the most important thing in his life and he proved (to be) a victim to his own belief.2. He was well brought up he knows how to behave and respect others.Compete kmpi:t vi. (with, against, for) try to win sth. in competition with someone else 常与with、against或for连用 竞争；争夺1. He was courageous enough to compete against professional athletes.2. Small stores cant compete with these large chain stores (连锁商店).Narrowly nruli ad. by only a small margin; only just 勉强地；仅仅1. Much to our regret, she narrowly missed winning the first prize.2. The man narrowly escaped death when a fire broke out in his home on Sunday morning.Confess knfes v. admit sth. that one feels embarrassed about 坦白；承认（尴尬的事情）1. In the face of evidence, the criminal had to confess his crime. 2. Marsha confessed that she didnt really know how to operate the e in . finish in the stated place in a race or competition （比赛中）获得名次1. He was rather satisfied with his performance even though he did not come in first in the race.2. I dont mind what place Ill come in. The important thing is to participate in the game.contrast . with . compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear 对比（以显出两人或事物的差异）1. Contrasting his work with hers, I found that their styles are totally different.2. When the synthetic (合成的人造的) is contrasted with the natural one, the difference is very apparent. Feature fi:t(r) v. 1) include or show sth. as a special or important part of sth. 以为特色，是的特色2) include an a leading performer 由主演1. This weeks broadcast features a report on victims of domestic violence. 2. This store is featured both by its high-quality goods and its good service.1. Im going to see a film that features a new French actress.2. In the film she is featured as a mother of four children.Trip v. (over) catch ones foot (in or on sth.) and lose ones balance 常与over连用绊倒1. I tripped over, dropping the pile of books I was carrying.2. Dont leave your toys on the stairs; others might trip and fall.Barrier bri(r) n. 1) sth. that is used to prevent or control peoples movement 障碍物；关卡 2) (to) sth. non-physical that keeps people apart or prevents activity, movement, etc. 常与to连用 隔阂，障碍1. The football fans broke through the barriers and rushed onto the pitch (球场).2. The driver slowed down as he approached the police barrier. 1. The country has set up barriers against imports (进口).2. Problems with childcare remain the biggest barrier to womens success at work.crawlkr:l v. move slowly with the body close to the ground, or on the hands and knees 爬行1. A snake crawled out of its hole. 2. The slow train crawled along at no more than 40 miles an hour.Injure ind(r) vt. 1) cause physical harm to (a person or animal), esp. in an accident; hurt seriously （尤指在事故中）使（人、动物）受伤，弄伤；伤害 2) damage 损害1. He injured his ankle (脚踝) while playing rugby yesterday.2. The player was told to stay in bed to rest her injured back.1. He claimed that working too hard was injuring his health.2. Her reputation (名誉) will be badly injured by those rumours.Limplimp vi. walk with an uneven step, one foot or leg moving less well than the other 跛行，一瘸一拐地走1. His leg was injured two years ago and he still limps. 2. That dog must be hurt its limping.like crazy infml wildly and very actively 非正式发狂似地；拼命地1. My parents are working like crazy to get enough money for my college education.2. Theyll have to work like crazy to get the job finished before Saturday. squeeze in skwi:z find time or space for 为挤出时间（空间）1. The cars quite full but we could manage to squeeze in another couple of people.2. You just have time to squeeze in a shower between now and dinner.put in do (work) or spend (time), esp. for a purpose （为某一目的）干（活），花费（时间）1. Weve put in a great deal of time and effort on this project. 2. Tomorrow I must put in an hour or two on our garden its overgrown with weeds (杂草).head for move towards; go to 朝前进，向去1. Where are you heading for?The downtown library.2. As he headed hurriedly for the door he tripped and fell heavily.fill in for take someones place 代替1. Our manager is out of town for a meeting, and Im filling in for him today.2. Ill have to take care of my son who is in hospital now. Can you fill in for me for a couple of days?in an emergency if there is an emergency 在紧急情况下1. The pupils were trained how to protect themselves in an emergency.2. Were advised to keep a fire extinguisher (灭火器) for use in an emergency.capitalize on kpitlaiz use to ones advantage （为自己的利益而）利用1. The secret of our success was that we capitalized on our rival firms mistakes.2. The local people capitalized on their natural resources and soon turned the small town into a famous tourist attraction. 奥林匹克理想的象征奥林匹克的格言、信条、誓言、圣火、会旗及其会歌 这些都是奥林匹克理想的象征。它们共同体现着奥林匹克运动的精髓，各自都为奥林匹克运动会的精神财富作出了贡献。奥林匹克格言：著名的奥林匹克格言“Citius, Altius, Fortius”是拉丁语，意思是“更快、更高、更勇”。但在英语中，这一格言广为认同的说法是“更快、更高、更强”。1894年6月23日，法国教育家米歇尔布里厄在现代奥林匹克运动会复兴大会的闭幕宴会上首度使用该用语。就在那次大会上，它被认可为国际奥林匹克运动委员会的正式格言。奥林匹克誓言：每一届奥林匹克运动会开幕时，所有的运动员都要承诺将公平比赛，遵守各项奥运规则。在开幕式上一名来自主办国的运动员代表全体运动员宣誓。他手执奥运旗帜的一角，背诵如下的誓言： “我代表全体参赛运动员宣誓，在本次奥林匹克运动会上，我们将尊重并遵守大会各项规则，恪守体育道德，为体育争光，为团体争光。”该运动员誓言的作者是德顾拜旦男爵，1920年在比利时安特卫普奥运会上首次被宣读。奥林匹克信条：开幕式上，主办国的一个裁判诵读出现在记分牌上的奥运信条： “奥运重在参与，不在于夺冠，就像生活重在奋斗，而不在于成功；奥运的要旨不是已经征服，而是曾经奋斗拼搏。” 尽管奥运历史上表达这一基本精神的措辞屡经变换，上述信条自1972年在慕尼黑奥运会上采用后就一直沿用到今。奥林匹克圣火：在希腊神话里，火是神圣的。点燃奥林匹克圣火的传统来自古希腊。古代奥林匹克运动会上，圣火采自奥林匹亚山上的阳光，它一直燃烧到运动会结束。现代奥林匹克之火是在1928年阿姆斯特丹奥林匹克运动会的开幕式上首次点燃。每隔四年当古老的火焰为新一届奥运会再次点燃时，这个古希腊的遗风得以复活。奥林匹克会歌：奥林匹克会歌原本是首诗，由20世纪最著名和最受人喜爱的一位希腊诗人科斯塔帕拉马斯1893年所作。1896年希腊作曲家斯皮罗斯萨马拉斯为帕拉马斯的这首诗歌谱曲，同年，这首歌曲首度唱响在雅典举行的第一个复兴后的奥林匹克运动会上。多年来，许多不同版本的会歌在奥林匹克运动会上演奏和歌唱。1958年国际奥委会最终确定其中的一个版本作为奥林匹克运动会的正式会歌。下面引用的帕拉马斯诗歌不太确切的英文版译文便是自1958年起在每次的奥林匹克运动会上吟唱的英文版会歌。古代不朽之神真善美之父祈求你降临尘世彰显你的光辉在这大地上苍穹间它第一个见证你流芳百世的荣耀请把活力与生气赐予这些崇高的竞技！把永不凋谢的花环颁赠给优胜者！塑造出钢铁般的意志！放射出玫瑰般的艳丽霞光筑起一座巨大的神殿世界各地的人们都来膜拜你，啊！永远不朽的古代之神。奥林匹克会旗：开幕式演奏奥林匹克会歌时，会旗冉冉升起。据说皮埃尔德顾拜旦在特尔斐掘出的一个祭坛石头上发现了雕刻其上的五环标志的真迹。如今，彩色奥运环是世界上最广泛认可的标志。奥运会会旗长2.06米，高60厘米，白底无边，中央有五个圆环。白色的背景象征和平和真理。五个环代表世界的五大洲：蓝色代表欧洲黑色代表非洲红色代表美洲黄色代表亚洲绿色代表大洋洲奥运会会旗象征和平、友好、全球团结和宽容。真正意义在于，它使那些无法在自己国度的旗帜下参赛的运动员有机会一展风采。奥林匹克的理想使我们日常生活充满生气和活力，而不只是对过去的顶礼膜拜。Words and PhrasesCreed kri:d n. a system of beliefs or principles 信条，教条Oath u n. a solemn promise 誓约，誓言 Anthem nm n. any ceremonial song of praise 颂歌，赞歌Legacy legsi n. sth. passed on or left behind by sb. or sth. 遗留之物，遗产Universally ju:niv:sli ad. by everyone 全体地；普遍地1. It is universally agreed that people are motivated by their desire for a better life.2. This explanation is not yet universally accepted; some people still have doubts about it.Swiftswift a. esp. lit fast; moving or able to move at great speed, esp. without effort 尤文快的，迅速的Congress kgres n. a formal meeting of representatives of societies, countries, etc., to exchange information and opinions; the elected law-making body of certain countries 代表大会；（正式）会议；（某些国家的）立法机构，议会，国会Reestablishment ri:istblimnt n. 恢复；重新建立Committee kmiti n. a group of people chosen, esp. by and from a larger group, to do a particular job or for special duties 委员会Opening upni n. the act of becoming or making open, esp. officially （尤指正式的）开幕，开张；开端Ceremony serimuni n. C a special formal, solemn, and long-established action or set of actions used for marking an important social or religious event 典礼，大典，仪式on in behalf of on in behalf bih:f of AmE for, in the interests of, or as the representative of (someone else) 美为了的利益；代表1. On behalf of my parents I thank you for all the help youve given us.2. I am writing to you on behalf of my husband who is away on business.in the name of by the right of or for the advantage of 凭的权威；以的名义1. He greeted (迎接) me in the name of the president of the university.2. The things people do in the name of love can sometimes be unreasonable.Competitor kmpetit(r) n. a person, team, firm, etc., competing with another or others; rival 竞争者；比赛者；对手Abide baid (abode bud or abided) by obey exactly or remain faithful to (laws, promises, etc.) 遵守（法律等）；信守（诺言等）1. You have to abide by the referees decision even its wrong.2. Youll be considered dishonest if you dont abide by your commitment.Govern gvn v. 1) control, fix, or guide; determine 控制，操纵，领导；支配 2) control and direct the affairs of (a country, city, etc. and its people), using political power 统治；治理1. A few changes have been made in the rules that govern the use of motorbikes on campus. 2. People are crying out for regulations that should govern the export of live animals more strictly.1. The country is governed by elected representatives of the people.2. In Britain the Queen is the formal head of state, but it is the Prime Minister and the cabinet (内阁) who actually govern the country.Sportsmanship sp:tsmnip n. U a spirit of honest fair play, esp. in sports （尤指体育的）诚实公平的精神；运动家精神（品格）1. He displayed true sportsmanship by congratulating his opponent when he was defeated.2. They learn good sportsmanship to display fair, honest, and polite behaviour in a game.Baron brn n. a British nobleman of the lowest rank 男爵（英国贵族中爵位最低者）Recite risait v. say (sth. learned) aloud from memory 背诵Triumph traimf n. a complete victory or success 胜利；成功1. The supporters of the winning team leaped up in triumph as the final whistle (哨子) blew.2. Her presence at the party was seen as a triumph over her shyness.Conquer kk(r) v. 1) defeat (an enemy); be victorious over (an enemy) 征服，击败2) gain control over (sth. unfriendly or difficult) 克服（困难等）；制伏1. England conquered their main rivals in the first round of the competition.2. Julius Caesar (尤利乌斯恺撒) conquered Gaul (高卢), which we now know as France.1. She conquered her fear of flying and got on board the plane bravely.2. After many attempts, they finally conquered the mountain in 1985.Wording w:di n. U the words and phrases chosen to express sth. 用词，措辞Mythology mildi n. C; U myths in general and the beliefs which they contain （总称）神话；神话学Set v. write or provide music for (a poem or other words to be sung) 为（诗、文等）谱曲Composer kmpuz(r) n. a person who writes music 作曲家Version v:n n. a form of a written or musical work that exists in more than one form （书面作品或音乐作品的）版本；改写本1. She read an English version of the play which is slightly different from the Chinese original.2. The two witnesses gave contradictory versions of what had happened that night.Loose a. not exact or controlled 不严谨的Immortal im:tl a. that will continue or be remembered for ever; that will never die; that will live forever 不朽的，流芳百世的；不死的，长生的Antiquity ntikwti n. U the state of being very old; great age 古老；年代久远descenddisend v. rather fml come, fall, or sink from a higher to a lower level; go down 较正式走下；下来；下降Shed ed v. (shed) 1) (on, over) spread or send sth. out 常与on或over连用 散发出（某物） 2) esp. lit cause to flow out; pour out尤文使流出1. The torch (火把) shed a bright light on the path ahead.2. The flowers shed fragrance (芳香) throughout the room.1. My mother shed tears when she heard that I had been injured in the accident.2. Too much blood has been shed in this conflict, as neither side would exercise restraint.Thy ai determiner old use (possessive form of thou) your 旧（thou的所有格）你的Witness witnis v. see or notice (sth.) by being present when it happens 亲眼看见，目击1. Since you witnessed the murder, you should cooperate with us and answer some questions.2. The 1980s witnessed a breakthrough in East-West relations. Imperishable imperibl a. which will always exist or cannot wear out 永存的，不朽的；不会腐烂的Animation nimein n. excitement; spirit; liveliness 兴奋；生气；活跃Wreath ri: n. a circle of leaves or flowers placed on the head or round the neck of someone to honour them （表示给予某人荣誉而戴于其头上或颈上的）花冠，花环Fadeless a. that never fades 不褪色的；不凋谢的Victor vikt(r) n. esp. fml, lit, or pomp a winner in battle, or in a race, game, competition, or other kind of struggle 尤正式，文，或夸张（战斗、竞争等中的）胜利者Strife straif n. U rather fml trouble between people; conflict 较正式冲突，纠纷，争斗Breast brest n. lit the part of the body where the feelings are supposed to be文胸怀；内心，心情Roseate ruzit a. lit pink 文粉红色的Hue hju: n. esp. lit or tech (the degree of brightness in) a colour 尤文或术语颜色；色调；色度Throng r v. go (as if) in a crowd, filling a place or building 蜂拥至（某处），挤满Adore d:(r) v. not in progressive forms worship in