涉外文书常用词语的翻译.doc

涉外文书常用词语的翻译1. be interested in 在不同上下文中，很难用“对感兴趣”一刀切去翻译。（1）We would be interested in receiving your inquiries for all types of Electric goods.(2) Should you be interested in supplying, we would be more than pleased to enter into business activtities with you. (3) We are interested in your “Sea Gull” brand womans wrist watches and shall be glad if you should make us an offer for 1 000 pieces with details.2. appreciate 广泛应用在外贸信件中，其基本意义为“感激”。可用于主动或被动语态，有相对固定格式，常用表示一种委婉请求。（1）We highly appreciate your effort in pushing the sale of our slippers.(2) We would appreciate your sending us a catalogue of your Rubber Boots together with terms of payment and the largest discount you can allow.(3) I would be very much appreciate it if you could take our suggestion into consideration.(4) We shall appreciate it if you will forward the following to the above address at your earliest convenience. (We shall appreciate it if 或It would be appreciated if 是外贸信件中常用句式，相当于please, 但更为客气)（5）Your inquiries for all types of electric goods would be appreciated.(6) Your favourable information will be appreciatecd.此外，“appreciate”一词在外贸英语中还有“增值”、“上涨”、“涨价”=increase in value之意。（7） Local property has appreciated (in value) since they built the motorway nearby.(8) Houses in this area have all appreciated since the new road was built.(9) Because the company has been making large profits the market value of its shares is appreciating.3. (be) subject to 其基本含义是“以为条件/前提”、“以某事物为条件”、“取决于某事物”=depending on sth. as a condition, “须服从某事物/某人”、“受某物某人支配 =obliged to obey sth./sb.; under the authority of sb. /sth.”可作状语或表语，尤其多见于合同和公文语言中，表示双方在某项业务中所承担的责任和义务。主句与 “subject to ” 短语之间有时存在着一种转折关系。（1）The treaty is subject to ratification.(2) This contract is binding subject to the fulfilment of the following conditions. (3) This credit is subject to the Union Custom and Practice for Commercial Documentary Credit.(“跟单信用证统一惯例”)(4) Our prices are subject to fluctuation of the market.(5) Foreign citizens in China are subject to Chinese laws. We are subject to the law of the land.(我们必须遵守当地的法律。) Peasants used to be subject to the local landowner. (农民过去受地主的压迫。)（6）Youll be transferred to the permanent staff suject to your satisfactory completion of the probationary period.（7）The contracted goods could be delivered at any time subject to the availability of shipping space.(8) The property is sold and will be conveyed (转让) subject to the following conditions.(9) The purchaser shall have the full power, subject to the provisions hereinafter contained, at any time during the contract to issue instructions to the contractor so as to alter, amend, omit, or add to any of the project services.(10) Promotion is automatic subject to passing internal examinations. (11) This kind of glassware is subject to breakage during transit. (易受, 可能)(12) The schedule is subject to change without notice.4. responsible for/ responsibility 与liable for /liability二者皆有“对负责”，“责任”之意，但responsible有两个基本含义：一是“in charge of”,即“对负责”，含享有权威，享有安排和督促有关事宜进行的职责。比如: You will be responsible for the conduct of the new sales campaign.(这次促销由你负责。) 二是capable of being blamed (可能引咎受罚或受到谴责)，比如：If angything goes wrong, you will be held responsible. (事情如有差错，将由你负责。) liable则是指being legally responsible for loss, damage, debts, etc. (对丢失、损坏、债务等承担法律上的责任)。 (1) Party A shall be responsible for the completeness, correctness, and legibility of the product design drawings and manufacturing Technical Documentation sent to Party B. (2) She is responsible for making more sure orders are processed on time. (3) The pilot of the plane is responsible for the passengers safety.(4) The carrier shall not be reliable for loss or damage arsing or resulting from defects not discoverable though the carrier has exercised due diligence as aforesaid.(5) This Company shall be liable for total or partial loss of the insured goods caused in the course of transit by natural calamities _heavy weather, lightening, floating ice, seaquake, earthquake, flood, etc. or by accidents _ grounding, stranding, sinking, collision or derailment of the carrying conveyance, fire, explosion and falling of entire package or packages of the insured goods into sea during loading or discharge, etc. . (6) The seller shall not be reliable for any claims unless they are made promptly after receipt of the goods and due opportunity has been given for investigation by the sellers own representatives.(7) In all cricumstances, the carrier shall be discharged from all liabilities in respect of loss or damage unless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the goods or the date when the goods should have been delivered.(8) My partner and I are jointly and severally liable for any debts. (9) Parents or guardians may avoid liability for their childrens cimes if they can testify to the court that they have done everything they can to prevent it. (10) 银行对于天灾、暴动、骚乱、叛乱、战争或本身无法控制的其它原因，或任何的罢工或关厂而中断营业所引起的后果，概不负责。5. abide by / comply with ; according to / in line with / in accordance withabide by 和 comply with 都可译为“遵守”，但前者的主语一般是人，后者的主语应为事或物。试比较如下：（1）合营公司全体员工都应遵守项目所在国的法律和法令，尊重当地人的风俗和习惯。（2）双方的一切活动都应遵守所在国的法法律、法令和有关条例规定。 在表示“根据（依照）合同、规定、贸易惯例”等时，according to 和in accordance with 一般可以通用， 但according to 教口语化，in line with 和 in accordance with 为书面语体，并且后者最为正式，例如：（3）合作企业应当按照国家有关规定聘任中国注册会计师进行查账验证。（4）根据中华人民共和国外资企业法第23条规定，制定本实施细则。另外，according to 还有“根据某人的意见”、“根据的报告”解，此时不能与in accordance with 或in line with 通用：（5）根据市场调查，明年上半年石油化工产品的价格可望回升。6. against 是多义词，在外贸英语中常广泛使用。a. 表示“防止”（1）We will not effect the payment of the withheld goods value unless you ensure against the recurrence of the danmage to packing of the coming goods.(2) We wish to ensure the following consignment （consignment=goods consigned 所运送之物；货物）against all risks for the sum of U. $ 3 600. b. 表示“根据/凭; 以为条件”（1）ducuments against payment (D/ P) 付款交单（2）documents against acceptance (D/ A) 承兑交单（3）The Bank of China, London can open an L/C in RMB for you against our sales confirmation (销售确认书).（4）We hereby issue in your favour this documentary credit (跟单信用证) which is available by payment against presentation of the following documents.c. 表示“违反”It is against the contractual stipulations that you failed to establish the covering L/ C 30 days before the time of shipment.d. 表示“对不利，反对”In case you should fail to effect delivery （交货） in April, we will have to lodge a claim against (向提出索赔) you for the loss and reserve the right to cancel the contract.e. 表示“与比较/对比”Against the invoice weight the consignment was found short of 1, 350 kg. 7. offer, quote; quotation, bid“offer”译为“报盘”或“发盘”，是外贸业务中一个环节，通常是指卖方向对方提出贸易成交条件，如货名、数量、规格、价格、船期、效期。“offer”既可作名词，也可作动词。作名词时，又可分为实盘/确盘（firm offer）和虚盘（non-firm offer）。实盘须附有效期，如firm for five days。虚盘须附有条件， 如subject to our final confirmation (以我方最后确认为准)； subject to prior sale (货未出售为有效)。一切报盘如果规定了有效期而未附加任何条件，即使无”firm”字样，也默认为实盘。另外还有所谓搭配报盘，即“combined offer (或称连盘，指两种以上的商品)”和买方的还盘，即“counter-offer”。“offer”常与下列动词搭配，以表示报盘的各个方面：to make/forward an offer 发盘 to accept an offer 接收报盘to decline an offer 谢绝报盘 to entertain an offer 考虑是否接收报盘to extend an offer 延长报盘 to renew an offer 恢复报盘to withdraw an offer 撤回报盘(1) Please make us an offer C.I. F. (到岸价) London for 20 metric tons of peanut （花生）.(2) This is a combined offer, which must be accepted in its entirety.(3) We renew our offer for reply here Wednesday our time.quote 作动词，其后可接双宾语。作“报价”解时，其直接宾语只能是“price”或是与”price” 相关的价格术语，如“FOB （free on board 离岸价格）”，“C&F （cost and freight）”，“CIF”等，或者两者同时出现。例如：（1）Please quote us your lowest price CIF London for walnut (胡桃).（2）These quotations are said to be nominal. (这些价格据说有行无市。)（3）These are the latest quotations from the Stock Exchange.bid 译作“递盘/递价”，与offer相对，系指买方的主动出价，买方还价时说counterbid 或counter-offer。bid 既可作动词，也可作名词。作名词用时，其句型与quote 相似。另外bid系不规则动词，其过去式过去分词均为bid, 词形不变。例如：(1) We will try to get a bid from the buyers.(2) As your prices were too high, we made a counterbid at RMB ￥4 000 per ton.(3) Last week we bid RMB ￥ 4 000 per ton for Green Tea. Now we can do a little better.1. if, in case及其它 常用if 表示可能性大的假设，而in case则常用来表示可能性小的假设。（1）如果本合同自签字之日起六个月仍不能生效，本合同对双方任何一方均不具约束力。（2）如果贵方有意购买我出口目录中任何一项商品的话，请与我有关各分公司接洽。（3）如果卖方在规定的日期前未收到信用证，本确认书即告无效。（should/in case）(4) 如果发生索赔，双方应友好协商解决。（in case of ）(5) 如果合同提前终止，本合同之附件也随之终止。（in the event of ）9. shall 及其它在英文法律文件中，shall 是个最常用的词语之一，其主语为第三人称。Shall 不是表示将来，而是表示法律权利或义务，不如此则须承担违反法律的后果，其含义相当于must, 但不用must, 而改用shall。可译为“须”。(1) The payment of the aforesaid expenses shall be effected against presentation of original vouchers after being che