矿大英语考试翻译.doc

1 P75历史业已证明，人类对于资源的认识、开发和利用，以及利用资源制造生产工具的能力，是社会生产力发展水平的重要标志，也在一定程度上决定了一定的社会基本结构和发展形态。It has been proved through out the history that humans recognition, exploitation, and utilization of the resources as well as the ability to make production tools not only are important indicators of development level social productive force, but also, to some extent, determine the basic structure and development formation of a certain society.2 P75人的一生经历无数次选择，即无数次机会的把握。正确的选择可以造就生命中灿烂的前程，错误的选择可以毁掉生活的梦想而感受遗憾的苦果。选择需要高深的思维功底，选择需要切合实际的判断能力，选择需要谨慎的态度，选择需要果断的决断，选择需要充裕的时间。People was experienced many choices through their whole life, that is, the numerous opportunities to grasp. The right choice in life can lead to a bright future; but the wrong choice can ruin lives and the dream of feeling the bitter fruit of regret. Require higher thinking skills and realistic ability to judge with cautions, the need to choose the decisive decision to choose needs plenty of time.3 P79As an important means for preserving knowledge, various literatures have become precious resources or treasures for the mankind, which have greatly contributed to the social progress of the human race.Professional literature have been regarded as “intangible assets” of the whole world because they are, on the one hand, the summary, generalization, and development of the achievements obtained on the basis of previous experiences or studies; and on the other hand, they have been accumulated and handed down from generation to generation. In this sense, therefore, all kinds of literature are records of precious research findings and academic achievements, and crystallization of human civilization.4 P89商标通常是销售或厂家的一种有价财产，因为它一方面象征着经销公司的声望，另一方面又是产品及服务的标志。因此，当某一公司及其资产被出售时，其商标既可以出售，又可以转让他人。只要具有有效的质量监控措施，商标亦可特许他人使用。绝大多数快餐店，如肯德基炸鸡或其他一些特许经营者，只要得到总公司的许可，都可使用总公司的商标。Trademark, usually traded as an valuable property of sellers or manufactures, because, on the one hand, trademark was regarded as the prestige of dealer, on the other hand, as the indicator of products and services. So when a company and its assets are on sale, its trademark not only could be sold, but also be made over. As long as effective measures of quality control exist, the trademark can also be used by others with authority. The majority of snack bar, such as Kentucky Fried Chicken or some other franchise, as long as getting the permission from the head company, can use its trademark.5 P91Copyright, body of legal rights that protect creative works from being reproduced, performed, displayed, or disseminated by others without permission. The owner of copyright has the exclusive right to reproduce a protected work; to prepare other works based on the protected work; to sell, rent, or lend copies of the protected work to the public; to perform protected works in public; and to display copyrighted works publicly. These basic exclusive rights of copyright owners are subject to exceptions depending on the type of work and the type of use made by others.The term work used in copyright law refers to any original creation of authorship fixed in a tangible medium. Thus, works that can be protected by copyright include literary pieces, music compositions, dramatic selections, dances, photographs, drawings, paintings, sculptures, diagrams, advertisements, maps, motion pictures, radio and television programs, sound recordings, and computer software programs.Copyright does not protect an idea or concept; it only protects the way in which an author has expressed an idea or concept. If, for example, a scientist publishes an article explaining a new process for making a medicine, the copyright prevents others from copying the article, but it does not prevent anyone from using the process described to prepare the medicine. In order to protect the process, the scientist must obtain a patent.版权是一种合法的权利,旨在保护创造性作品在未得到允许的情况下不得加以复制,演出,展出或传播.版权拥有者具有这样一些专用权:复制受版权保护的作品;根据受版权保护的作品制作其他作品;将保护作品的拷贝出售,出租或借给公众使用;在公众场合演出以及公开展出受版权保护的作品.版权拥有者的以上种种基本专利权也有例外的情况,这往往要根据作品的种类以及他人怎样使用作品而定.版权法中作品一词指的是以固定形式存在于有形媒介的原作者的创作物.这样,能受版权保护的作品就包括文学作品,音乐作品,戏剧选集,舞蹈,照片,绘画,雕刻,图形,广告,地图,电台和电视节目,录音以及计算机软件程序等.版权不保护某种想法或概念,只对作者所表达想法或概念的方法加以保护.例如,要是某科学家发表了一篇文章,阐述生产某种药品的制作过程,那么版权可以阻止他人抄袭该文章,但不能制止任何人用上述过程配备药品.要想保护上述制作过程,该科学家就必须获得专利.6 P91版权是一种无形资产。正如其字面所示，它所拥有的是一种权利。这种权利包括两个方面，即复制权和对复制权的使用控制。版权是对作品创造者实行的一种法律保护。最初仅限于对书籍方面，而今已扩大到对各种杂志、报纸、地图、戏剧、电影、电视节目、电脑软件、绘画、图片、雕塑、音乐作品、舞蹈动作设计等类作品的保护。实质上，版权保护的是知识或艺术财产。版权这种财产与众不同，因为它旨在为公众所利用，为公众所享受。如果一个读者买一本版权受保护的书，这本书就归其所有。但是如果他将此书复制或散发，那便属违法，因为这种权利属出版商、作者或拥有其版权的人所有。The copyright is a kind of immaterial assets. Positive if its typeface shows, what it own is a kind of right. This kind of right includes two aspects, then replication power with to usage control that replication power. Copyright is to work a kind of law protection that creator practice .Be limited by at the beginning and only to the book aspect, have extended now then to every kind of magazine, newspaper, map, drama, movie, television program, computer software, painting, picture, carve, music work, dance the protection of action design etc. a work. Substantially, the copyright protective is knowledge or art properties.Copyright this kind of property out of the ordinary, because of its aim at for public an exploitation, enjoy for the public. If a reader buys a copyright suffers the protective book, this book return its all. But if he this book replication or send forth, belong to break the law then it, because this kind of right belongs to publish the company, author or own the person of its copyright all.7 P98从法律上讲，合同是一种对签约双方都具有约束力的协议。合同的要点如下1、双方同意；2、一种合法的补偿，在大多数情况下不一定是金钱；3、签约双方均具有合法的签约能力；4、不具有欺诈和威胁性；5、签约主题不得具有非法性或违反公共准则。一般来说，合同既可以是口头的，也可以是书面的。不过，未来便于执行起见，有些合同必须采用书面形式，并需签字。这些合同包括不动产的出售和转让合同，对执行计划失败、拖欠债务或对他人的违约作出保证、负责赔偿的合同，等等。In law, a contract is an agreement binding all the signatories, after the following principles:(1) Universal agreement by all the parties involved;(2) Legal compensation for infringement, mostly in money;(3) Each party should have the legal power to sign the contract;(4) No fraud or coercion is involved;(5) The subject of the agreement should not be against any law or public rules.A contract can either be oral or in writing. To facilitate their execution, some contracts must be reached in writing and with signatures, including:The contract on real estates sale or transfer; The contract guaranteeing a plans execution, a debts repayment, or a signatorys following the agreement, as well as being liable for compensation if such guarantees fail.8 P113本文针对当前我国对外经济法规汉英翻译的一些实际问题,探讨了以翻译规律来规范对外经济法规汉英翻译的可能性,提出了基本规律和特殊规律。本文指出,对外经济法规汉英翻译必须遵循建立在服从法律英语的语言特点和表达规律基础上的对外经济法规翻译规律。这些规律都是通过分析法规译文中的典型错误,结合国内外翻译理论进行总结归纳才提出的,对经济法规的翻译实践有重要的指导意义。In view of some obvious errors in the translation of currentChinas foreign economic laws and rules, this paper probes into possibility of governing the C- E translation of those documents with a set of basic and specific principles proposed. It also points out that translators of economic laws and rules should, if they want to do a good job, follow the particular principles based on the syntactic features and styles of legal English. These principles, proposed after the analysis of many translation errors, and the induction of relevant domestic and foreign translation theories, are somewhat a guideline to the translation of such documents.9 P116本刊只接受全部用英文写成的稿件。来稿在4000字左右为宜。论文必须另页附200字以内中文摘要、100词以内英文摘要和不少于3个的主题词。正文格式应符合以下要求：1、英文12磅字体；2、双倍行距；3、左右两边空白各不少于3.5厘米；书目采用美国心理学学会（APA）论文格式。Only the articles in all English can be received by our magazine, the suitable word number is about 4000. Your article should be accompanied by Chinese extracts within 200 words, English extracts within 100 words and subject terms no less than 3 words in another page. The format of the text should meet the below requirement: 1 English font sizes of 12 pound；2、double space；3、the blank space no less than 3.5cm in both the right and left sides respectively；using the essay of APA format。学术英语1专业论文分类（Classification of professional papers）Report paper; Research paper; Course Paper; Thesis paper2专业论文写作方法（Ways of preparing professional papers）Searching for good ideas; finding topics; considering audience and purpose; moving from brainstorm to drafting; editing and refining3文章题目要求（Writing requirements）Be brief and concise; be specific; avoid question titles; be unified; be standard功能（functions）generalizing the text; attracting the reader; facilitating the retrieval4关键词KeywordsFunctions: easiness of retrieval; easiness of highlighting个数numbers: four to six keywords are the average. In general, there should be at least 2 and at most 8.5摘要功能（functions）miniaturizing the text; deciding “Yes” or “No”; Expanding the circulation3part structure: Topic sentence; supporting sentence; concluding sentence写作要求：Integrity; Conciseness; Consistency; Concentration5 steps: Underlining key words and sentences; Listing essential points of the paper; Boiling down each section to a sentence or two; Drafting the abstract ; Checking the final draft6 5A strategy: background; main topic; specific investigation; result and suggestion; conclusion and contribution6概述（Introduction）功能：functions: introducing the subject; limiting the research scope; stating the general purpose; showing the writing arrangement结构特征Structural features: starting with the research background; （Over the past decades） Transiting to the existing problem; (Great process has been made in this field but) Focusing on the present research;(The present work deals mainly with)7结论（Conclusion）主要功能和主要元素（General Functions and Main Elements）：summing up; statements of conclusions; statements of recommendations; graceful termination8杂志分类（Classification of professional journals）:Journal; Acta; Bulletin, Circular or Gazette; Rapid Communication/letters; Review; Proceedings9会议分类：Meeting; Conference; Symposium; Congress; Convention; Forum; Seminar10作者和编辑信件：Letters fro Inquiry; Letters for Invitation; Letters for Acceptance of Invitation; Letters for Declination of Invitation; Financial Application; Cover Letters; Post-conference Correspondence: Letter of ThanksCUMTB 2011-01-06 doctor examinationPart V English to Chinese1Professional literature have been regarded as “intangible assets” of the whole world because they are, on the one hand, the summary, generalization, and development of the achievements obtained on the basis of previous experiences or studies; and on the other hand, they have been accumulated and handed down from generation to generation. In this sense, therefore, all kinds of literature are records of precious research findings and academic achievements, and crystallization of human civilization.1本文针对当前我国对外经济法规汉英翻译的一些实际问题,探讨了以翻译规律来规范对外经济法规汉英翻译的可能性,提出了基本规律和特殊规律。本文指出,对外经济法规汉英翻译必须遵循建立在服从法律英语的语言特点和表达规律基础上的对外经济法规翻译规律。这些规律都是通过分析法规译文中的典型错误,结合国内外翻译理论进行总结归纳才提出的,对经济法规的翻译实践有重要的指