新视野 大学英语 读写教程 第二册 笔记 Unit 1-6.doc

读写BK2 Unit 01-AKey Wordsbudget acute abrupt assess elapse account for to race through1. If we intend to become efficient learners, we are supposed to learn first to budget our time scientifically. 2. Some animals have very acute sense of sight or sound, while others may have sharp sense of smell and touch.3. The abrupt and cryptic nature of the ending has puzzled and annoyed many readers.4. It is still too early to assess the effects of the newly-issued law on traffic safety. 5. Time elapses so quickly that when you begin to realize you should cherish it, you are no longer young. 6. Jenny had to account to her husband for every penny she spent. 7. As the time is running out, these students have to race through the rest of the questions on the test paper.Match Gamestand still 停止不前have an acute sense of 深深感到restlessly 焦躁不安地seek attention in a store 指望店员的服务push past you 推桑着你走过去small exchanges 随意的闲聊ritual interaction 礼节性交往develop a sense of trust 增进信任make social appointments 安排社交约会save the feet 免去走路之劳pour sth. Into 投入Words1. fall behind sb./sth.(L1)：落在后面 become bit by bit further behindTo fall behind others. 落后于别人 /To fall behind sb. in study. 在学习方面落后Eg:Like boating up the river, if youre not moving ahead, youre falling behind. 逆水行舟，不进则退。fall behind with sth.：在某方面滞后；拖欠。 fail to produce sth. at the proper timee.g.fall behind with the rent 拖欠租金Fall behind with the wages of peasant workers. 拖欠民工工资。Fall behind with ones work. 拉下工作2. result in (L2)= cause, lead to, bring about.用法点拨：前因 result in 后果. Learning without thinking always results in perplexity. 学而不思则惘。前果result from +后因e.g. We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the past. 比来比去：*result from be caused by, because of. 3. account for (L6) give a satisfactory explanation for说明用法点拨：Account for: explain 解释或说明原因。因此不必再加上reason，以免出现内涵上的重复。e.g. Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior. 用法延伸：Account to sb. for sth. 向某人解释某事。be a proportion of sth. 占某个数额或比例。Eg: Girls account for half of our class.女生占我们班一半人数。u on account of 由于; on no account 绝不； take account of = take into account 考虑到4. count (L9)vi. If sth. counts, its important or valuable; 有价值，重要。 vt. Calculate 计数Eg: Every minute counts. / Every penny counts.Nothing counts, money counts.u count in 把算入；count on/upon = rely on 指望；count out 逐一数出；count up 总计5. abrupt (L16) a. (n. abruptnesss / adv. Abruptly )1）sudden and unexpected; 突然的，意外地。 2）seeming rude and unfriendly, esp. because you do not waste time in friendly conversation 莽撞的Eg: The bus came to an abrupt halt. Sorry, I didnt mean to be so abrupt.6. take sth personally (L18) To get upset by the things other people say or do, because you think that their remarks or behariour are directed at you in particular; 认为是针对自己而发的。 eg:You mustnt take her negative comments of your plan personally.Dont take what I am going to say personally.7. convention (L24)n. customary practice 习俗，惯例比来比去：Convention ：指为社会团体所认可的习惯做法，或双方所接受的协定。Military convention 军事协定Tradition: 指一个民族世代沿袭的传统。e.g. The Chinese traditions. 中华民族传统。Custom: 指地方性风俗，或一个人的习惯做法。Local Practice: 指约定俗成的做法或惯例。e.g. International practice. 国际惯例8. assess (L27) ( n. assessment, assessor (examiner) ) to make a judgment about a person or situation after thinking carefully about it 评估，评价, 判断Examples:The technique is being tried in classroom to assess what effects it may have.Many of the adults were assessed as having learning difficulties. 9. given + noun (L35) = (given that clause) prep. taking into account 考虑到用法点拨：这是一种退而论之的表达法。Given n. Given that 从句。examples:Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job.Given that theyre inexperienced, theyve done a good job.10. obtain (L45) (adj. obtainable 可获得的)v. to get something that you want, esp. through your own effort, skill or work. 获得Eg: Further information can be obtained from head office. Phrases:obtain sth. from sb./sth. obtain sth.through sth.11. be worthy of (L50)deserving 值得Example.A responsible and caring teacher is always worthy of students respect.Typical sentence:Such a trifle is not worthy of mentioning.区区小事，何足挂齿？worth, worthy 句型搭配：be worth + n. = be worthy of +n.be worth doing = be worthy of being donesth. is worthy + of being done. / to be done. 12. competent (L52) (n. competence, competency / ad. competently/ ant. incompetent)adj. having enough skill or knowledge to do something to a satisfactory standard. 能干的Example.phrase： (feel) competent to do sthHe is the only party leader competent enough to govern this country.Competent citizens of the 21st century are supposed to have good command of English and computers. 语法1. Much less (Still less)的用法Much less (Still less) 用以连接两个具有落差的情况。前者为低，后者为高。表示“前者都不成立，更不用说后者”。前句一般为否定，后者形式上为肯定，而意义上则为否定。相似用法为let alone, not to mention. Much less 可参照前句的结构连接名词短语或动作行为，与前句相同的成分则可以省略，构成平行结构。Lets practice it!1. The company can hardly make ends meet, much less expand its business. (更不用说扩大业务了).2. I cannot afford to buy a motorcycle, (更甭提买小车了). much less a car.3. Its impossible for the 80-year-old man to walk, much less to run. (更别言跑步了).4. I have never seen the man, much less spoken to him. (更谈不上跟他谈过话).语法2. Whereas引导的并列句Whereas引导的并列句表示转折，引出与前句相相反或互有出入的情况，以形成鲜明的对照。Whereas的用法相当于while, but 或in contrast，只是whereas多用于文书等正式文体中。e.g. We thought she did not like us, whereas in fact she was just very shy. They want a house, whereas/while we would rather live in a flat. Translation:1. As he missed his last class, he had to_(向老师说明缺席的原因).2. The president is the only person_ (真正管事的) at the university.3. _(期末考试在即), so if you dont work hard enough, _(你可能会落后于别人).4. _(看她对孩子们的兴趣), teaching should be the right career for her.5. she wouldnt take a drink, _(更别说留下吃饭了).6. Some people have more money than they can spend, _(而我却没有钱花).7. A happy marriage_(未必就与金钱相随相伴),for people may sometimes _(成为金钱的奴隶).8. Because of _ (天气的突变), we had to _(消磨周末时光)by playing cards indoors.9. A man who is generous, considerate, responsible and caring_(是值得你去爱的).10. When the police burst into the room, they found _(罪犯躺着死去了).读写BK2 Unit 01-BKey Wordsclash hostile devise repression regression isolation symptom distinction1. Police have clashed with demonstrators again today.2. The boy feels hostile towards his father.3. She devised a method for quicker communications between offices. 4. Scientists have found that much unhappiness was due to mental repression.5. We were relieved at signs of the diseases regression. 6. Because of its geographical isolation, the area developed its own unique culture.7. Common symptoms of diabetes are weight loss and fatigue.8. The Act makes no distinction between children and adults.Matching Gamefascinating interesting and attractiveappreciate understand and enjoydevise think out, design evidently obviouslymarvelous wonderful, outstandingamuse (vt.) make sb. laugh or smilebe hostile to sb. be of an enemydistress great pain, sadnesscope with deal with successfullyWords1. have difficulty (in) doing sth./with + n. (L7) 在做 方面有困难用法延伸： have difficulty (in) doing sth.have trouble/problem (in) doing sth.have a good/happy time (in) doing sth.2. (sth.) be familiar to sb. (L8) 对 熟悉, 熟知用法点拨：If sth. is familiar to you, its well known to you or you often experience or encounter it. (sb.) be familiar with sth. 通晓 (sb.) be familiar with sb. 与 亲密If you were familiar with sth. , youve a good knowledge of it or you know it in detail.3. cope (L20) to succeed in dealing with a difficult problem or situation.*cope with 掌控，处理eg: Sometimes I find it hard to cope.Local authorities have to cope with the problems of homelessness.4. would rather do sth. (L26) prefer to do sth.*would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A不做B*would rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事 = one person would prefer another to do sth.eg: I would rather die with glory than live with shame.I would rather you came here tomorrow. （虚拟语气）相关短语:rather than 而不是 ；与其 不如 She, rather than you, should be responsible for it.other than 除了（用于否定句）=except; You cant get to the island other than by boat.other than 不同于，非 =notI borrowed some books other than novels.5. appreciate (L43) vt. ( n appreciation, adj. appreciative )1) to understand how serious or important a situation or problem is or what someones feelings are 理解Eg：He did not fully appreciate the significance of signing the contract. Im not an expert, but I appreciate fine works of art. 2) to understand how good or useful someone or something is 欣赏6. acquire (L47) vt. get sth. with effort, learned 获取（知识）e.g. He acquired some French during his staying in Europe last year.acquire 获得 （知识/习惯等），尤指努力后获得；achieve 取得（成就，进步等）；retain 保持；gain “赢得”（名声等好的东西）；选择题：Its through learning that the individual _ many habitual ways of reacting to situation. （D）A. retains B. gains C. achieves D. acquires近形词：acquire, inquire, require, requestinquire v. ask inquire about sth 咨询某事inquire sth. of sb. 向某人询问某事；inquire after 问候某人；inquire into investigaterequire vt. “要求、规定；需要”require sb. to do sth.要求、命令某人做某事require sth. of sb. ask sth. of sb.要求某人某事request sth. from/of sb. 向(某人)请求某事request that sb. should do 请求一事Translation focal points in text1. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. (TA:L23)他们也许还会想念那种喝着茶或咖啡招待客人的礼节性交往，这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。2. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered (“此时被处理的”) were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. (TA:L49)在他们看来，如果不是花一定时间来处理某件事的话，则这件事就好象是无足轻重的，不值得给予适当的重视。3. your views may clash with the different beliefs, norms, values, and traditions that exist in different countries, you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of the culture not familiar to you. (TB:L5)have difficulty (in) doing sth.你的观点可能会与存在于不同国家的不同信念、准则、价值观念和传统发生冲突。在适应一种新的文化及该文化中你不熟悉的那些部分时，你也许会遇到困难。4. , you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock . (TB:L19)(v.) defend against(a.) defensive你会想出一些帮助你对付和保护自己免受文化冲击影响的保护性办法。读写BK2 Unit 03-AKey Words tolerance subtle resistance subsequent harbor hesitate for a time meet with have nothing to do with1. As the addicts tolerance increases, he requires ever larger doses of the drug.2. She has a very subtle mind.3. The proposal met with some resistance from the staff.4. The first and all subsequent visits were kept secret.5. He always harbors thoughts of revenge on his rival.6. If you have any question, dont hesitate to ask me.7. I will go to the countryside and stay with my grandparents for a time.8. She was met with much criticism from the public.9. Hes a thief and a liar; Id have nothing to do with him, if I were you.Words1. imagine vt.1) plan to have, think about having 2) to form (a picture or idea) in the mind Imagine + that clause / wh- clause / v-ingEg: You can imagine how surprised I was. 你能想像的出我当时是多么惊奇。Try to imagine that youre all alone on a desert island. 试想像一下你孤身一人在一个荒岛上。Its hard to imagine living in a place where there are no cars. 生活在一个没有汽车的地方是不可思议的。She couldnt imagine living in a small town like this. 她无法想像竟会住在这么一个小城镇里。I cant imagine George being unfair to anyone. 我不能想像乔治竟然对谁都不公正。imaginary / imaginable / imaginativeAll the characters in this book are imaginary.Up to now, she has been the most suitable person imaginable.An imaginative set designer can always enhance the play. 2. tolerance n. willingness or ability to accept sth. 容忍,忍耐力 family members: tolerate v. endure, stand, bear / intolerance n. lack of tolerancetolerance to cold 耐寒能力 / tolerance of heat 耐热能力 / allowable tolerance 容许公差3. be ( get ) involved with 专心于某事Eg: He was involved with working out a plan. 他专心致志地制订计划。be ( get ) involved in: interfereIf I were you, I wouldnt get involved in their problems. 我要是你，就不去介入他们的问题。4. subtle a. 1) Not easy to tell or describe; fine; slight难于觉察或描述的；巧妙的 2) secret; tricky 诡秘的；狡诈的FOR EXAMPLE:1. Her whole attitude had had a subtle change. 微妙的2. There are subtle differences in meaning between these two words. 细微的3. I fall for that subtle plot every time! 诡秘的4. An artist has subtler awareness of color values than an ordinary person. 敏锐的5. The old craftsman has subtle fingers. 灵巧的5. resistance (L21) n. being against sth. 敌对,抵抗 resistance to the new lawresist v. withstand 抵抗to resist temptation 抵制诱惑 / I was unable to resist laughing. 忍不住 / The idea met with some resistance. 反对 6. subsequently (L27)adv. after that, afterwards, thene.g. The old school was sold and subsequently turned into a private house.比来比去 consequently= therefore, as a resultThe bank refused to help the company; consequently, it went out of business.7. harbor (L28) n. 港口/避难所 vt. keep sth. secretly in mind心怀 / give shelter to a criminal 窝藏(罪犯)examplesTiffany has been harboring spite against the boss ever since the quarrel. ( 怀恨在心)2. harbor a grudge 心怀嫉妒近义词shelter 掩蔽 / shield 遮蔽8. hesitate (L52) ( n. hesitation )v. pause before saying or doing sth. 犹豫 examples1.hesitate at nothing 毫不犹豫2. He who hesitates is lost. 当断不断,必受其患3. If you need anything, please dont hesitate to ask. 9. for a time (L18) for a short period 暂时； Youll have your own office soon but for a time you will have to share one.at a time 每次 ahead of time提前 take ones time 不慌忙at all times随时；总是 behind the times 过时 for the time being 暂时at times 有时；间或 10. meet with (L21) encounter sth., experience sth. 遭遇Example: 1.She met with heavy traffic jam on her way back. 2.Theyd never met with such poor service before. 11. have nothing to do with (L31) 与无关 have something to do with 与有关Examples1.My affairs have nothing to do with you.2. He is such a liar. I would have nothing to do with him if I were you.我才不跟他往来呢 。 12. Buy time, buy time. (L49) Delay your decision about marriage that seems too soon.buy time: delay an action or decision that seems to be coming too soon She tried to buy time by doing a lot of talking. 她企图以滔滔不绝的谈话来拖延时间。13. proceed vi.1) go to a further or the next stage; go on 2) make ones way; go FOR EXAMPLE:Having said how much she liked it, she then proceeded to make critical comments about the way Id done it. 她说她很喜欢我做的这件事，可接着就批评起我做这件事的方式来。The crowd proceeded to the church. 人群向教堂走去。Lets proceed to the next question. 现在讨论下一个问题。1.The early pioneers had to many hardships to settle on the new land. (CET 4, 2000, 6) (B)A. go intoB. go through C. go back on D. go along with 2. David likes country life and has decided to farming. （CET- 6, 1997, 6）(A)A. go in for B. go back on C. go through with D. go along with14. Suffix -ism 表示 “主义”的名词字尾 -ist 表示 “人” 的名词字尾 -ic 形容词字尾-ism Marx - Marxism commune communism -istideal - idealistmaterial - materialist-ic athlete athletic diploma diplomatic patriot - patriotic语法1. never tooto的用法tooto 太以至于不The news is too good to be true. 这消息太好了,让人难以置信.never tooto 做某事绝不会太1. One is never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老.2. It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢,为时未晚. 语法2. 同位结构同位结构是指当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等的位置时，其中一个成分用于说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就称为后者的同位语，放在所说明的成分的之后。同位结构能突出某项事物以引起人们注意 .examples 1. My best friend, Anna, was here last night. 2. You should see an ophthalmologist, an eye doctor. Practice it1.丘吉尔, 二战期间的英国总理,死于1965年。 Mr.Churchill, Britains Prime Minister during the Second World War, died in 1965.2.他喜欢这项锻炼,冬泳。 He enjoys the exercise, swimming in winter. Difficult sentences1. Gail and I had no illusions (false belief 错觉，幻想) about what the future held for us (what our future would be like) as a married, mixed couple in America. (L9)翻译：作为一对居住在美国、异族通婚的夫妻，我和盖尔对未来不抱丝毫幻想。hoping that marriage will solve all problems automatically.2. , that they overlooked (ignored) serious personality conflicts in the expectation that marriage was an automatic way to make everything work out right. (L13)3. To start with (First of all) I must admit that at first I harbored reservations (had doubts心怀疑虑) about a mixed marriage, prejudices you might even call them. (L28) 翻译：你甚至可以把我的这种疑虑叫做偏见Translation:1. My tolerance of heat is greater after living in Xiamen for one year. (耐热能力）2. The student won the competition with quick wit and a subtle mind . (敏锐的头脑）3. There has been a lot of resistance to the new regulation that forbids dating on campus. (抵抗）4. He harbor spite against his father. (暗怀憎恨）5. Dont hesitate to ask questions if you dont understan