第四章 常用词汇以及表达方式的翻译(一).doc

第四章 常用词汇以及表达方式的翻译（一）本章教学目标：掌握常用法律英语词汇以及表达方式的基本译法。课堂讲练：一、 概述范例：1、“as hereinbefore defined”, “如上所规定”例句：Where no agreement can be reached through consultation, the matters in dispute arising out of or in connection with this Contract shall be referred to arbitration as hereinbefore defined.2、“subject to “, ”根据-的规定“，”在不抵触-情况下“。(其本意为”governed by or dependent on”: The plan is subject to his approval) 例句：Subject to this section, the Buyer shall take the delivery of the Goods subject to such conditions and terms as are prescribed in the Delivery Note issued by the Seller and shall be deemed to have accepted such Goods upon countersignature by the Buyer of said Delivery Note.法律英语中的常用词汇以及表达方式只是经常出现在法律文本当中。由于法律解释以及翻译中存在译名同一律的原则（前已述，即保持同一术语表达同一概念，为同一性，法律文本中的同一概念用同一个术语来表达，是为一致性），而且长期商贸实践，使得一些合同以及其他法律文本在表达方式上有格式化倾向，所以，总结归纳出常用表达方式相对固定、合理的译法，有助于提高翻译效率与准确度。二、 有关“OTHERWISE“的翻译1、“OTHERWISE“本义。 2、在法律英语中，“OTHERWISE“的使用方式通常是： 1）、置于由“UNLESS”引导的让步状语从句之后。 此种情况，一般汉译为“除-另有-外”或“-另有-的除外” 例1、1）、Unless otherwise prescribed herein, the manager of the pledged Goods shall neither use or operate or permit such use or operation of said pledged Goods, nor remove or transport or permit such removal or transportation thereof by a third party. 2）、Unless the law provides otherwise, the seller has the obligation to guarantee that no third party shall claim rights against the buyer over the target matter delivered. 类似表达还有：”unless otherwise agreed in writing between the parties hereto”; “unless otherwise arranged”;” unless in any law it is otherwise provided”（注意其使用了典型被动语态）. 2）、与“OR”连用，放在其后 此种情况，“OTHERWISE“的语法作用与”OR“之前的一样，翻译成“其他-”,具体要取决于其前面的结构。 例2、1）、If two or more persons are defendants to a claim, as partners or otherwise, a process may be served on any of them. 2）、With out the prior written consent of Party B, any act of the manager of the pledged property by removal, transportation, or display of the pledged property outside the stipulated storage facility or otherwise resulting in the pledged property being out of the stipulated storage facility shall be deemed as a breach of this Collateral Management. 3）、与“THAN”连用，构成“OTHERWISE THAN”结构 此种情况下，该结构作用相当于“UNLESS”，一般而言，这个结构通常 用在否定句中。 例3、1）、No Contract or any part hereof shall be revoked otherwise than -(a) by another Contract executed in accordance with section 5(b) -参考译文：合同或其任何部分均不得撤消，除非(a) 凭籍依第5条签立的另一份合同而撤消- 2) No will or any part hereof, which is in any manner revoked, shall not be revived other than by the re-execution hereof in accordance with section 5. 参考译文：合同的全部或者任何部分，无论以任何方式撤消后，除非按照第5条重新签立/签署，否则该合同的全部或任何部分均不能恢复效力。 从上述例子可以看出，“OTHERWISE THAN ”的意思等同于“by other means than ”或“unless”，通常情况下译成“除-以外”，或“除非“。二、“SUBJECT TO“1、 该词在普通英语中的含义（作形容词时的用法）2、 在法律英语中，“subject to”主要作为形容词用法使用，常常与“agreement”、“section（条）”、“chapter（章）”等法律文件名称或法律条款连用，中心意思是“取决于-，受制于-，受-约束”，但具体译法则可以因地制宜，灵活处理。例5、1）、Subject to this section ,an repossession of the Pledged Property by the Seller from the Dealer shall be subject to such conditions as are prescribed by the Pledge Agreement. 2）Any subsidiary ordinance shall be subject to the approval of the Legislative Council. 3）、Quantity shall be subject to a variation of 5% plus or minus at Sellers option.小结：“SUBJECT TO” 围绕其中心意思，在翻译时不拘一格，可以有多种译法，可以是：“以为条件”，“在的规限下”，“在不抵触的情况下“，”“根据规定”等，也可以不译，只要能将意义表达清楚即可。三、“WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO“ 1、“prejudice”2 ” WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO” 该表达方式通常跟法律条款连用，与“SUBJECT TO“类似，但WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO”,指“在不妨碍-的前提下”， 在不影响-的情况下“ ”在不损害-的原则或条件下“等等，没有“SUBJECT TO“强制意义强。 例6、1）、Without prejudice to section 24, the following Agreement shall be treated as properly executed2）、Without prejudice to the generality of Chapter 1, the effect of arbitration clauses shall not be affected四、“UNLESS AND UNTIL“（除非以及直到）“A unless and until B”, 指A是否成立或发生，取决于B，同时，A何时出现，还要取决于B，既有条件的限定（unless），又有时间的限定（until）, 可知法律英语的严谨。问题：一定要译成“除非以及直到”吗？在汉语中，“除非”一般和“否则”连用，“除非能够提供抵押，否则银行将不会贷款”，“直到”和“为止”连用，两者和而为一，有可能出现：“除非以及直到犯罪嫌疑人能够交纳保证金，否则犯罪嫌疑人不得保释外出为止”。所以，怎样翻译视文意来定，可单单翻译其中一个即可。例7、1）、The Respondent shall continue to pay for the childs education unless and until the child has reached the age of 18 2）、The charge on the property will not be lifted unless and until all the debts have been repaid.附：对有关法律规章的翻译： 法规名称 参考英译法 ACT(formal product of a legislative boby；LAW条例 ORDINANCEBYLAW,REGULATION(行规定 PROVISIONS办法 MEASURES实施细则 IMPLEMENTING RULES暂行规定 INTERIM PROVISIONS试行办法 TRIAL MEASURS通知 CIRCULAR， NOTICE意见 OPINION纲要 OUTLINE对合同类法律条文单位的翻译：总则： GENERAL PRINCIPLES部： PART章： CHAPTER条： SECTION/ARTICLE款： SUBSECTION/CLAUSE项： ITEM例： (2)翻译作业：1、 Subject to subsection (2), there shall be payable and recoverable rent of aforesaid premises applying such amount as may be agreed between the landlord and tenant.2、 Unless otherwise stated herein, the Buyer shall be deemed to have waived his right to assert any claim if the Buyer fails to notify or forward full details within the period specified above.3、 The party in breach shall assume the liability for breach by making monetary compensation or otherwise. 4、 With