翻译讲义(19).doc

翻译知识与策略：conversionconversion from English nouns and adjectives into Chinese verbs and adverbs:1). All peace-loving people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weaspons. 一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。2). From the depths of its being, they are endeavoring to bring about a radical transformation of human life. 他们力图从根本上彻底改变人类生活。3). He was a clever man; a pleasant companion, a careless student; with a great propensity for running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern. (Vanity Fair) 他是个聪明人，谈吐非常风趣，可是学习上不肯用功，老是东挪西借，又喜欢上酒店喝酒。4). Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 用无线电波传送和接收活动物体图象的技术称为电视。5). No violation of this principle can be tolerated. 违犯这一原则的行为是不允许的。1.1 conversion from English adjectives into Chinese verbs:1). She is familiar with English grammar. 她熟悉英语语法。2). She is content to stay at home. .她甘愿留在家里。3). The whole village was astir with the news. 消息传来，全村轰动。4). Sugar and salt are both soluble in water. 糖和盐二者都溶于水。5). In order to carry through its policies of economic development, peace is necessary for China. 为了执行发展经济的政策，中国需要和平。1.2 Conversion from English prepositions into Chinese verbs:1).In his early days he abandoned medicine for literature. 他早年就放弃了学医，改学文学。2). Man can not survive without air. 离开了空气人类不能生存。3). She ran over the lawn, up the path, down the steps, across the veranda and into the porch.她一路小跑，越过草地，爬上小路，跑下台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。4). The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface. 上升了的氯气含量会打乱全球性程序。通过这一程序地球可以调节来自太阳、穿过大气层、到达地表的紫外线辐射量。5). China is against hegemony and power politics.中国反对霸权主义和强权政治。1.3 Conversion from English nouns into Chinese adjectives:1). Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 独立思考在学习上是绝对必要的。2). I am a perfect stranger to physics. 我对物理一窍不通。3). The lower stretches of rivers show considerable variety. 河流下游的情况是多种多样的。4). The meeting was a great success. 会议开得很成功。5). I have full confidence of the reliability of the information. 我充分相信，信息是可靠的。1.4 Conversion from English verbs into Chinese nouns:1). Often property damage and disrupted lives result. 结果往往是财产遭受损失，生活受到影响。2).The Greek word “atom” means “cannot be cut”. 希腊语“原子”一词的意思是“不可分割”。3). The earth on which we live is shaped like a ball. 我们所居住的地球形状像个球体。4). The instrument is characterized by its compactness and portability. 这种仪器的特点是结构紧揍，携带方便。Conversion of perspectivesTranslation is based on the assumption that the content of human thinking is basically the same, but the congnitive angles or thinking modes may not necessarily be the same. At times people from different cultures approach the same thing from different perspectives. These differences are reflected in their respective languages and often pose barriers for inter-cultural communication. To ensure smooth communication between cultures, it is necessary to shift the perspectives in translation.1. She set a good table. 她摆了一桌丰盛的菜肴。2. He beat her black and blue. 他把她打得青一块，紫一块。3. People began to leave the hall by ones and twos. 人们开始三三两两地离开大厅。4. Students get a discount of 20% on air fares. 学生买机票可打八折。5. Hardbacks are usually more expensive than paperbacks. 精装书通常比简装书贵。6. I can read her thoughts. 我能看出她的心思。7. Parents love of their children is perfect and minute. 父母爱子女无微不至。8. What kind of sailor are you? 你晕不晕船？9. For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods. 我们在20年内坐视原料价格下跌和工业品价格暴涨。10. The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦工不可。11. He survived the trouble. 他闯过了难关。12. Very few of these old coins survived. 这些古钱币现在已经十分罕见。13. contact lenses隐形眼镜14broad jump跳远15. stopwatch 秒表16. skin-deep 肤浅17. a self-taught musician 自学成材的音乐家18. fishwife 泼妇19. think aloud自言自语20. burn the midnight oil 开夜车busybody 大忙人好管闲事者sweetbread甜面包牛羊等的内脏，杂碎greenhouse绿房子温室dog ear狗耳朵书的卷角capital idea 资本主义思想好主意morning glory晨光牵牛花busboy公交车售票员餐厅服务员drawing room 画室客厅saltwater盐水海水lover爱人情人mad doctor发疯的医生精神病科医生eleven hour十一点最后的时刻dead president死了的总统美钞sweet water糖水淡水confidence man信得过的人骗子service station服务站加油站black tea黑茶红茶black art黑色艺术妖术black fish黑鱼虎鲸white man皮肤白的人忠实可靠的人red horse红色的马咸牛肉green meat绿色的肉鲜肉pink eye粉红的眼睛红眼brown paper棕色的纸牛皮纸blue stocking蓝色长统袜女才子，女学者China policy 对华政策（不是“中国政策”）American beauty红蔷薇（不是“美国美女）English disease软骨病（不是“英国病”）Indian summer愉快宁静的晚年（不是“印度的夏日”）Greek gift害人的礼品（不是“希腊礼物”）Spanish athlete吹牛的人（不是“西班牙运动员”）French chalk滑石粉（不是“法国粉笔”）French windows (doors)开夜车 burn the midnight oil (半夜点油灯)钻牛角尖 split hairs (拆分头发)低声下气 pocket ones pride (将自尊装进口袋)背水一战 fight with ones back against the wall (背墙一战)碰鼻 ask forbread and receive a stone (要面包得石头)马后炮 mustard after dinner (餐后的芥末)耳边风 water off a ducks back (流过鸭背的水)气管炎 hen-pecked (被母鸡啄的丈夫)当电灯泡 play goosebeny (佯装摘醋栗)过河拆桥 kick down the ladder (踢掉梯子)替人背黑锅 eat dog for sb(替人吃狗肉)昙花一现 a flash in the pan (枪膛的火花)酒肉朋友 fair weatherfriend (好天气朋友)趾高气扬 grow too big for ones boots (脚肿鞋穿不进)狼狈为奸 work with sbhand in glove (手戴手套)Translation of the word “work”1. Henry works in a bank.2. My watch has worked smoothly from the day I bought it.I dont think your plan will work.My brain does not seem to be working well today.I tried to be as friendly as possible at first, but it wouldnt work.In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined一般来说，当所要测定的特征能够精确界定时，测试效果最佳。 Our friendship works best when we speak our minds.直言无讳，友情才最真挚”。 3. Our boss works us very hard.The farmer worked the horses until they were exhausted.The machine is worked by hand.Puppets are toy creatures worked by strings.4. The company works many gold mines.The policeman worked the northern side of town.This medicine will work wonders for your cold.Time works many changes.What a pretty rose pattern youve worked on the tablecloth!It took six hours to work (out) the jigsaw puzzle.This babys dress was worked by hand.He worked mischief to the whole family.5. the metal has become worked down over the years.The youth worked the wood to make a bowl. (process)His features worked with anger. (change)Yeast makes beer work.6. Time is working against you.His appearance works against his chance of success as a politician.7. He worked at his biography.I want to work at perfecting my style before trying anything new. (make effort)8. I found him working away at the library.Little Hans worked away in his garden.9. The nurse told Mary to put some cream on her skin and to work it in gently.She worked in the key and opened the door. (insert slowly)10. Ill try to work my timetable in with yours. (make correspond to)Things always went smoothly in the office because the three clerks that were employed worked in with one another. (co-operate)11. Mary worked some blue into the rug she was weaving.The oil has worked into the carpet.He worked himself into a rage. (make produce some feeling or sentiment)The speaker worked the audience into excitement.12. Leave it to me. Ill see if I can work it. (manage)13. My hair works loose when I run.14. I went for a long walk to work off my headache.Heavy work with your hands will help work off your anger.How long does it take to work off the requirement for the degree? (complete)He offered to work off the debt, but I need the money