托福写作模版.docx

对于托福而言，最重要的一定是听力。提高听力不仅需要熟练的掌握单词，更需要不断的练习。练听力最好的资料一定是TPO，每次做完TPO后也应该不断的重复听文章，直到自己能完全搞懂为止。对TPO的跟读也很重要，有时你明明已经理解这个单词，但可能由于读音不准或者对单词连读掌握不够充分，不能在听的过程中听懂这些单词。而跟读是一个能让你更加准确的了解自己的缺失的好方法，并且能在同一时间对自己的口语有很大的提升。 托福的阅读的提升我觉得还是主要是掌握一个勤字。书山有路勤为径，多练习是最重要的。并且对一些专业词汇以及同义词的掌握也十分重要。对我个人而言，适当的精读也是必要的。我喜欢将一些阅读中的难词挑出记录并进行背诵，而这项工作有时确实会为我带来意想不到的结果。 托福的口语对每一个迎战托福的学子来说或许都是折翼的天使。不是不会说，但次次分都很低。在我经历了两次托福口语20分的悲剧后，我想我应该明白了考官在对口语的评测中最在乎的或许还是语音与语调。一般来说，将题目信息点完整表达的能力我们大部分人都有，可是我们缺时常在表达过程中不经意的带上chinglish, 造成我们表达结构的不完整和不地道。为了克服这些问题，一方面我们可以跟读TPO的听力文本，另一方面我们也可以看一些生活化的美剧，比如老友记。通过不断地模仿和练习，相信大家最终都能掌握一套属于自己的地道口语。 托福的写作相对于考生来说更难一些的一般都是综合写作。在这上面听力又占了很大一部分的功用。综合写作中最重要的是抓住听力中的点，其次是学会用自己的语言提炼阅读中的重点。最后是用完整的结构和流畅的语言支撑整一篇文章。一般综合写作中阅读和写作的观点多为反驳关系，所以说提高自己利用阅读中的观点来猜测听力观点的能力也十分重要。有时候我们不一定能听到听力中完整的观点，此刻应该充分利用自己的推测能力，在听听力之前先大致分析听力中可能会出现什么，进而注意去听这些部分，从而达到事半功倍的效果。 至于独立写作，我认为观点的新意十分重要，同时要求紧扣题目。另外，就是充分利用时间，写得尽可能的长了。 托福写作中我们该尽量让文章言简意赅，用词精准。根据国外学者的调查统计，一个以句号结尾的英语句子，单词的数量最好不要超过20个，否则的话，句子偏长，听话人的注意力有可能不集中，漏听一、两个单词，从而影响对整个句子的理解。那么我们该怎么让文章更简洁呢？为了避免句子冗长，通常采取两种办法，一种是将一个长句子，划分为几个短句子，每个短句子之间有语气上的停顿，让听话人有间歇的感觉，另外一种则是简化句子的单词构成，用一些简单的单词，代替一些复杂的单词。下面我就给各位介绍三种常用的简化方法。第一种方法是用一个单词代替一组意义相同的单词，比如：用forget(忘记)代替do not remember(没有记住)用ignore(忽视)代替do not pay attention to(不注意)用now(现在)代替at this point in time(此时此刻)用because(由于)代替due to the fact that(鉴于下列事实)第二种方法是省略同义词或近义词。比如在下面例句中，形容词important(重要的)和significant(有重要意义的)，就是两个同义词(也可以说是近义词)，我们可以省略important，只保留significant。The government project is important and significant。(这项政府计划是重要的，有重要意义。)The government project is significant。(这项政府计划有重要意义。)第三种方法是在不改变句子含义的前提下，省略所有可以省略的单词。比如在下面例句中，the cover of the book (书的封面)可以省略成the book cover，is red in color(是红色的)可以省略成is red。The cover of the book is red in color。(书的封面是红色的)The book cover is red。(书的封面是红色的)最后我们把这三种方法结合起来，将一个冗长、绕嘴的句子，改写成一个简短、易懂的句子。University malls must be accessible and free from congestion in order that students, faculty and employees may have unobstructed passage through those areas of the campus。(校内道路必须是便于通行的，不拥堵的，以便让学生、教师和职员能够无阻碍地通过，到达校园的各处。)University malls must be free enough from congestion to allow people to walk through easily。(校内道路不应当拥堵，以便人们顺利通行。)以上内容就是让你的托福写作更简洁的一些建议，希望大家作个参考，不要让过于复杂的难句变成你文章的冗杂部分，那样不仅增加了因为语法问题失分的可能性，也会对你的作文大打折扣，写作要量力而为，漂亮的文章不仅仅是靠复杂句堆砌而成的。在应试型（雅思或新托福等）议论文写作中，通常遵循introduction- body-conclusion（引言段-主体段-结论段）的“三步曲”。Body（主体）段落提供了论证观点的理由，是整个文章的主体，在评分中占有很大的比重。例如一篇满分的雅思作文（9分）必须“presents a fully developed position in answer to the question with relevant, fully extended and well supported ideas”。这里的“fully extended / well supported”，必须通过主体段来体现。新托福的满分作文（5分）也要求“is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details”，同样必须通过主体段落发展来实现。一般来说，一篇议论文必须包含至少两个主体段。每个主体段都必须有明确的主题句“topic sentence”和若干支持句“supporting sentences”。他们共同组成文章的理由段，对全文的论点提供理由支持。专家建议初学者在练习议论文写作时，必须遵循理由段发展的几个简单原则，这对迅速完成理由段、构建连贯和理由充分的议论文大有帮助。这几个简单原则包括： 1Write a topic sentence for each paragraph you plan to write. Each topic sentence should relate to your thesis statement and introduce what the paragraph will be about. If you find that the topics you want to discuss do not support the thesis statement you have written, revise your thesis statement or reconsider your topic sentences.（每个主体段都必须有一个明确的主题句）2Write ideas that support your topic sentences. The topic sentence for each paragraph tells the reader what the paragraph will be about. The ideas stated in the rest of the paragraph should all relate to the topic sentence.（支持句必须围绕主题句展开）根据第2条的原则，我们来看看下面这个主体段：Hobbies are important for many reasons. First, a hobby can be educational. For example, if the hobby is stamp collecting, the person can learn about the countries of the world and even some of their history. Second, engaging in a hobby can lead to meeting other people with the same interests. A person can also meet other people by going to the school. Third, a persons free time is being used in a positive way. The person has no time to be bored or get into mischief while engaged in the hobby. Finally, some hobbies can lead to a future job. A person who enjoys a hobby-related job is more satisfied with life.这段话的topic sentence很明显-“Hobbies are important for many reasons”，之后的支持句从三方面阐述hobby的重要性（first, second, third），但段中这句话A person can also meet other people by going the school与hobby重要的原因没有关系，因此削弱了整个段落的连贯性与统一性，应该被去掉。3Add details. To write a more fully developed paragraph, you need to add details to your supporting ideas. Your details can be facts, examples, personal experiences, or descriptions.（需要用多种方式提供细节展开段落）根据第3条的原则，我们来看下面这个段落：The Smithsonian Institution is worth visiting for a number of reasons. The Smithsonian Institution comprises various museums that offer something for everyone. These museums include the National Museum of History and Technology, the National Aeronautics and SpaceMuseum, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Natural History, and several others. A person can do more than just look at the exhibits. For example, in the insect zoo at the National Museum of Natural History, anyone who so desires can handle some of the exhibits. The museums provide unforgettable experiences. In climbing through the Skylab exhibit at the National Aeronautics andSpaceMuseum, I was able to imagine what it would be like to be an astronaut in space. Movies shown at regular intervals aid in building an appreciation of our world. In the National Aeronautics andSpaceMuseum, there is a theater that has a large screen. When the movie is shown, it gives the viewer the feeling that he or she is in the movie itself, either floating above the Earth in a hot-air balloon or hang gliding over cliffs.这是一个成功的主题段，请注意这段话段落细节展开的几种形式-提供事实、举例、个人经历和描述。我们把这个段落拆分后进行分析： Topic sentence（主题句） The Smithsonian Institution is worth visiting for a number of reasons. Supporting idea 1（支持理由1） The Smithsonian Institution comprises various museums that offer something for everyone. Details facts（细节展开-提供事实） These museums include the National Museum of History and Technology, the National Aeronautics andSpaceMuseum, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Natural History, and several others. Supporting idea 2 （支持理由2） A person can do more than just look at the exhibits. Details examples（细节展开-举例） For example, in the insect zoo at the National Museum of Natural History, anyone who so desires can handle some of the exhibits. Supporting idea 3（支持理由3） The museums provide unforgettable experiences. Details personalexperience（细节展开-个人经历）In climbing through the Skylab exhibit at the National Aeronautics andSpaceMuseum, I was able to imagine what it would be like to be an astronaut in space. Supporting idea 4（支持理由4） Movies shown at regular intervals aid in building an appreciation of our world. Details description（细节展开-描述） In the National Aeronautics andSpaceMuseum, there is a theater that has a large screen. When the movie is shown, it gives the viewer the feeling that he or she is in the movie itself, either floating above the Earth in a hot-air balloon or hang gliding over cliffs. 新TOEFL写作评分标准中非常重要的一项就是句型结构，要求句型结构做到丰富多变。那到底什么样的句型才能到高分呢? 怎样做到句型丰富呢?。通过不断地归纳和总结，下面这十种高分句型介绍给大家。不需要你全部都用上，因为只要用上几种就足以使你的TOEFL写作成绩提高一个甚至几个档次。 第一， 定语从句。 这应该算是写作中最常用的一种句型之一。适当地运用定语从句可以给你的文章增色不少。 例如，下面的这两个句子用上定语从句马上就变成了一个漂亮的复杂句。 Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex. Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts. 第二， 状语从句。 在写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句，即原因状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句，时间状语从句和目的状语从句。 1. 原因状语从句：常由because, as, since和for引导 Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits. 尽管如此，我还是赞成太空探险，因为它的好处远远大于坏处。 2. 让步状语从句：常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引导 Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place. 尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。 3. 条件状语从句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导 Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. 假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。 4. 时间状语从句：常由when和while引导 Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. 说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。 5. 目的状语从句: 常由so that和in order that引导 Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market. 成千上万的人们不得不花费的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。 第三， 宾语从句。 Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution. 一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。 Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it. 许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。 第四， 同位语从句。 Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious. 环境污染变得越来越严重是不可否认的事实。 Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily. 没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。 第五，主语从句。 Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating. 值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。 Eg: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole. 众所周知，环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一。 第六，强调句: It is + 被强调的内容 + that Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment. 汽车和工厂排放大量的废气，使得环境被污染。 第七，倒装句。 Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled. 只有政府采取适当的措施，这个棘手的问题才能被解决。 第八，被动语态。 Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live. 人们应竭尽全力来保护我们赖以生存的环境。 第九， 分词结构：包括现在分词和过去分词。 Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries. 旅游业是一个新兴的行业，它成为经济的主要, 在很多东南亚国家起着尤为重要的作用。 Eg: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately. 具体来说，政府应该出台相关法律法规对制造大量污染物的工厂及故意乱扔垃圾随地吐痰的人进行严惩。 第十，插入语。 一种独立成分,与句子的其它成分一般没有语法上的关系,大都是对一句话作一些附加说明或解释。它通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,位置较为灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。 Eg: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences. 电脑，我们生活中必不可少的一部分，给我们带来了极大的方便。 Eg: College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated. 大学生，没有社会经验，容易上当受骗。 以上就是新TOEFL写作拿高分的10个句型，有了这十大句型，写作还有什么可怕的呢?只要你多多练习，熟练掌握这些句型并灵活运用到写作中去，想要在雅思或TOEFL写作部分得到一个比较满意的分数将不再是一个遥不可及的梦想。行动起来吧! 托福写作是中国考生在托福考试中的弱项之一，其中语法、用词以及逻辑思维是写作的问题所在，只有在日常生活中多读些范文，了解托福写作中应该具备的的逻辑思维，从哪方面考虑问题更容易写，各种问题都要先想好再开始写。下面我们一起来看下这些托福写作的话题，大家可以练习一下。 1. 全球化影响 There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a countrys identity. What is your opinion? 2. 政府投资 People should keep all the money they earn and should not pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree? 3. 科技影响 Many employees may work at home with modern technology. Some people claim that it benefits only workers, but not employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. 文化类 i. It is more important for a building to serve its purposes than to look beautiful. Architects do not need to worry about whether it is a real work of art. Do you agree or disagree? ii. The international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages? 5. 生活工作 Some people think that changing jobs periodically is good. What is your opinion? 6. 传媒类 Some people suggest that there should be restrictions on a detailed description of crimes in the newspapers and on television. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 7. 广告类 There are many advertisements directed at children. Parents argue that children are misled, while advertisers consider advertising a source of useful information. What is your opinion? 8. 环境类 It is said that the best way to solve the worlds environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 9. 动物类 Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out, although people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why have people failed to improve this situation? What are your suggestions? 10. 教育类 i. Some people believe that educating children altogether will benefit them. Others think intelligent children should be taught separately and given special courses. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. ii. Today, more school leavers are unable to find jobs. Discuss the causes of rising unemployment among young adults and suggest any solutions. 以上10个托福写作的题目你看好了吗？托福写作需要从哪方面分析问题，还要多看多学多思考，写作题一部分是考的用词用句，还有很大一部分考验的是写作思路与逻辑思维，要多方面思考，才能写出最优，最有想法的文章。 写作在托福考试中是把自己输入的英文进行整合梳理输出的过程，凡是写作就要有中心论点，用怎样的方法来论证，不同的文化有着不同的写作模式，考生不禁要问为什么要用这样的写作模式？这与一个国家的文化有着千丝万缕的联系。写作中我们主要遇到的是论述性的题目，也就是有说服性，能自圆其说。英美国家是一个低语境的国家，也就是什么事都说的清清楚楚。这与高语境的中国形成鲜明的对比。中国人讲求含蓄，委婉。举个简单的例子如果中国人想拒绝别人，通常都是很委婉，也就是中国的面子理论在作怪。英美国家都是直接拒绝，表达自己的真实想法。这也就决定了英美国家在说服方面的不同风格。列出提纲，确保整篇文章逻辑严谨提纲是节约时间，管理文章观点的重要依据和有效方法。写作切忌想到什么写什么，为了写而写。题目给出了，考生有权利写出自己的观点，并且要为自己写的东西负责。态度严谨了，加上正确的写作手法，写出的东西自然就有理有据，拿高分。所以列出好的提纲至关重要。每段一个中心论点，论据丰富做支撑每段保证只就一个中心论点展开论述。这一点看似容易但是在实际写作中往往会出现不止一个观点的的情况，而此时考生却很难察觉。这些要在平时多加训练，就一个同topic 反复练习。例如以抽烟有害为话题，抽烟对抽烟本人有害和抽烟对周围的人有害就是两个小分论点，要放在两个段落中。出现这样的问题主要是考生没有就一个小分论点说清楚，只是简单的罗列出主观性的陈述，没有理论或者例子证明。切忌逻辑混乱，中国式思维逻辑在英文写作中亮点很大。不仅在段与段之间要过渡自然，而且在每一段中要保证逻辑严谨。例如中国学生很容易出现这样没有因果关系的因果句，这就出现逻辑上的不合理。其次是中国式英语。在英语表达上考生一般是将中文译成英文，不能用地道的英语表达。要解决这一问题，可以多背诵一些英语句型，短语，对提高英语收效甚高。背诵英语范文对提高写作应试能力也是非常有效的，加上好的应试技巧，祝考生取得优异成绩。在托福写作中，有一些常用的万能句型，跟托福写作模板的作用相似，都可以套用在托福写作中，帮助你在托福写作考试中取得高分。下面天道小编为大家列举了35种托福写作句型。一、 the + est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。二、Nothing is + er than to + VNothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。三、 cannot emphasize the importance of too much(再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。)例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。四、There is no denying that + S + V .(不可否认的.)例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 (全世界都知道.)例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。六、There is no doubt that + 句子 (毫无疑问的.)例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。七、An advantage of is that + 句子 (.的优点是.)例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。八、The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 (.的原因是.)例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此.以致于.)例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V (虽然.)例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 十一、The + er + S + V, the + er + S + V The + more + Adj + S + V, the + more + Adj + S + V (愈.愈.)例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力，你愈进步。The more books we read, the more learned we become. 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。十二、By +Ving, can (借着.，.能够.)例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。十三、 enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (.使.能够.)例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。十四、On no account can we + V (我们绝对不能.)例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是.的时候了)例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。十六、Those who (.的人.)例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。十七、There is no one but (没有人不.)例句：There is no one but longs to go to college. 没有人不渴望上大学。十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不.)例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。二十、That is the reason why (那就是.的原因)例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I dont like it. 夏天很热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式.(过去.年来，.一直.)例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. 自从他上高中，他一直很用功。二十三、It pays to + V (.是值得的。)例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。二十四、be based on (以.为基础)例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让.明白.事)例句：We s