特殊教育专业英语复习.doc

简答1.What Does It Take to be a Good Special Education Teacher? 1Patience 2 Diligence 3Compassion 4Flexibility2. ADHD has three subtypes多动症分类:1 Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive 过动/冲动控制障碍型2 Predominantly inattentive 注意力缺陷型3 Combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive 混合型3.a student with :hearing impairment听力损伤、vision impairment视觉、mental impairment智力5What Causes导致 ADHD因素?genesenvironmental factorsbrain injuriesnutritionsocial environmentFood additives6多动症的症状symptom：inattention注意力缺乏、hyperactive活动过度、impulsive冲动。解释1.（Inclusive education全纳教育） means meeting individual needs。2(task Analysis任务分析法）task Analysis is a process by which a task is broken down into its component parts。3（Autism自闭症) causes kids to experience the world differently from the way most other kids do.4.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 注意力缺陷多动障碍is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood.5.Learning Disability学习障碍6.Studens with special needs有特殊需要的学生7. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 注意力缺陷多动障碍8.Mainstrseam主流1通常,有学习障碍的学生的平均智力但是他们将需要更多的具体教学策略、程序修改或住宿。学习障碍不包括一个残疾带来的视觉、听觉受损、身体或行为。虽然,许多行为残疾学生通常有学习障碍。Descrepancies学业成绩之间和实际知识的能力就会发生。学习障碍的诊断通常发生在孩子有一个威R是执行标准化考试,是通过一个心理学家通常是。学习障碍的定义往往会不同地区地区但往往传达一个共同的意义。这里有一个全面的特质列表学习障碍的学生通过他们的特定类别:1视觉感知2听觉感知3身体和空间关系4概念赤字5内存赤字6行为赤字2Teaching students with special needs is very rewarding值得的 but its hard work as well. A special education teacher must be willing to struggle奋斗 in order to provide her/his students with the best education possible. Many times, good special education teachers go far above what is expected of them. Going that extra mile can make the difference between a student floating through顺利度过 school and being truly successful.教学生有特殊需要的值都非常有价值得的但这很困难的工作。一个特殊教育教师必须愿意斗争奋斗为了提供她/他的学生提供最好的教育成为可能。很多时候,良好的特殊教育教师远远高于对他们的期望是什么。将这额外的一英里就区分一个学生浮动通过顺利度过学校和真正的成功。3To be a good special education teacher, it is important that you care about your students. Although discipline纪律 is imperative必要的 in the special education classroom, undue不适当的 harshness严肃 is not imperative. You must truly care about your students in order to motivate them to succeed. 特殊教育成为一个好老师,但重要的是,你关心你的学生。虽然纪律纪律必要的必须在特殊教育课堂,过度的不适当的严肃严肃不是势在必行。你必须真正关心你的学生为了促使他们成功。4Perhaps one of the least noticed characteristics of a good special education teacher is flexibility. Very often, what works for one student will fail for another. Special education teachers often need to alter 改变their approaches to various students due to changes in the students IEP, educational circumstances, or personal life. In addition, a special education teacher must be willing to incorporate 综合input 付出from students parents and from the student herself. This requires the ability to take into account alternative 选择性的viewpoints and options选择, and to be flexible with your teaching methods. 也许一个最不注意到特征的特殊教育教师是灵活性好。通常,最适合一个学生将失败的另一个。特殊教育老师经常需要改变他们的方法对各种改变学生由于改变学生的等电位点,教育环境,或个人生活。此外,一个特殊教育教师必须愿意将综合输入付出从学生的家长和学生自己。这样做需要能够考虑替代选择性的观点和期权选择,灵活的和你的教学方法。5Patience is definitely the most important characteristic of a special education teacher. Unlike regular teachers, special education teachers work with students who may not grasp concepts quickly. In fact, depending on the needs of the students, the special education teacher may find himself/herself repeating the same simple concept over and over and over again before the student begins to comprehend. In addition to this repetition, the special education teacher may need to break seemingly simple concepts down into parts that are manageable for his students, which can take a considerable amount of patience. 忍耐无疑是最重要的特性的一个特殊教育的老师。与普通教师,特殊教育教师与学生工作可能不会很快理解概念。事实上,根据学生的需要,特殊教育的老师可能会发现本人重复相同的简单的概念反反复复的前学生开始理解。除了这种重复,特殊教育的老师可能需要打破看似简单的概念分解成可管理的部分,为他的学生,这可能会花费大量的耐心。6They also may react to whats going on around them in unusual ways. Normal sounds may really bother someone with autism so much so that the person covers his or her ears. Being touched, even in a gentle way, may feel uncomfortable. 他们也可能对他们周围发生了什么不同寻常的。正常的声音可能真的烦自闭症患者以至于人覆盖他或她的耳朵。被感动,即使在一个温和的方式,可能会感到不舒服。7Kids with autism often cant make connections that other kids make easily. For example, when someone smiles, you know the smiling person is happy or being friendly. But a kid with autism may have trouble connecting that smile with the persons happy feelings.闭症儿童往往不能使连接,其他孩子使容易。例如,当别人微笑,你知道了微笑的人是快乐或友善。但一个患自闭症的孩子可能无法连接,微笑与人的快乐的感觉。8A kid who has autism also has trouble linking words to their meanings. Imagine trying to understand what your mom is saying if you didnt know what her words really mean. It is doubly frustrating then if a kid cant come up with the right words to express his or her own thoughts. 一个孩子患有自闭症的也有麻烦连接词含义。想像一下你妈妈明白说如果你不知道她的话真正的意思。它更是令人沮丧的然后如果一个孩子不能想出合适的词语来表达自己的想法。8Autism causes kids to act in unusual ways. They might flap 拍打their hands, say certain words over and over, have temper tantrums发怒, or play only with one particular toy. Most kids with autism dont like changes in routines. They like to stay on a schedule that is always the same. They also may insist that their toys or other objects be arranged a certain way and get upset if these items are moved or disturbed. 孤独症造成孩子以不寻常的方式采取行动。他们可能皮瓣拍打他们的手,说某些单词,有发脾气发怒,或者只有一个特定的玩具玩。大多数自闭症儿童不喜欢变化在例程。他们喜欢呆在一个时间表,总是相同的。他们还可能会坚持他们的玩具或其他对象是安排一个特定的方式,如果这些产品是生气移动或干扰。9Not seem to listen when spoken to.Daydream, become easily confused, and move slowly。Have difficulty processing information as quickly and accurately as others(90)。Struggle to follow instructions.85。Children who have symptoms of hyperactivity may:似乎听的时候才说话。做白日梦,变得容易混淆,慢慢地移动。有困难准确而快速地处理信息和其他人(90)。努力遵循instructions.85。症症状可能:10孩子们的多动Fidget 烦躁 and squirm蠕动 in their seatsTalk nonstop。touching or playing with anything and everything in sight。Have trouble sitting still during dinner, school, and story time。Be constantly坚持不懈地 in motion动作。Have difficulty doing quiet tasks or activities.Children who have symptoms of impulsivity may:孩子们的多动烦躁烦躁,在座位上扭动蠕动。聊个不停。碰或玩什么,眼前的一切。有麻烦静坐晚餐期间,学校,和故事时间吗。被不断地坚持不懈地在运动动作。有困难的任务或活动做安静。儿童症状的冲动可能:11Be very impatient。Blurt out 未加思索地冲口说出inappropriate comments。Show their emotions without restraint克制。Act without regard for consequences。Have difficulty waiting for things they want or waiting their turns in game。sOften interrupt conversations or others activities.很不耐烦，脱口而出未加思索地冲口说出不恰当的评论。表现自己的情绪毫无节制克制。不顾后果的行为。有困难等待他们想要的东西或者等待他们的将在游戏。经常中断谈话或别人的活动。12if a child:Is experiencing undetected seizures that could be associated with other medical conditionsHas a middle ear infection that is causing hearing problemsHas any undetected hearing or vision problemsHas any medical problems that affect thinking and behaviorHas any learning disabilities是否一个孩子:正在经历未被发现的发作可能伴随其他疾病吗有一个中耳炎感染导致听力的问题有任何未被发现的听力和视力问题吗没有任何医学问题,会影响思维和行为吗有学习障碍13Has anxiety or depression, or other psychiatric problems that might cause ADHD-like symptomsHas been affected by a significant and sudden change, such as the death of a family member, a divorce, or parents job loss.有焦虑或抑郁,或其它精神问题可能导致多动症像症状吗一直受到重大和突然的变化,比如一个家人的死去,离婚,或者父母的失业。13A specialist will also check school and medical records for clues, to see if the childs home or school settings appear unusually stressful or disrupted, and gather information from the childs parents and teachers. Coaches, babysitters, and other adults who know the child well also may be consulted. 一个专家还将检查学校和医疗记录为线索,看看孩子的家里或者学校设置出现异常压力或中断,并收集信息从孩子的父母和老师。教练、保姆和其他成年人知道孩子好也可以咨询。14The specialist also will ask:1.Are the behaviors excessive and long-term, and do they affect all aspects of the childs life?2.Do they happen more often in this child compared with the childs peers?3.Are the behaviors a continuous problem or a response to a temporary situation?4.Do the behaviors occur in several settings or only in one place, such as the playground, classroom, or home? 专家还会问:1。是行为过度和长期,他们影响所有方面的孩子的生命吗?2。他们发生在这个孩子更经常与孩子的同龄人相比?3。是一个连续的行为问题或一个响应一个临时的情况吗?4。做行为发生在几个设置或只在一个地方,比如操场,教室,或在家吗?15The specialist pays close attention to the childs behavior during different situations. Some situations are highl