软件工程中英文翻译.doc

Internet of electronic information resources development and utilizationThe development and utilization of Internet richness of the electronic information resource, which can be directly consider E-mail, file transfer, Telnet approach, also can indirectly consider using several common information retrieval tool, the paper made a detailed introduction and analysis, aims to help help user well using the Internet. For information institutions or library is concerned, to learn and use well, not only can enlarge Internet information resources development and utilization of the scope, but also able to enhance the level of service to users. Keywords Internet electronic information resources development and utilizationExploitation andUtilization of Electronic Information Resources on Internet- The Internet can be extensive communication in the world every person, connect all the computer and provides a wealth of information resources, and provide A variety of service tool to obtain these resources. Information institutions or libraries in the Internet for information resources, retrieval electricity The son journals and newspapers, orders and electronic publications, retrieval online catalogue and union catalog, a searchable database system, access journals to discuss, through the file transfer (FTP) receiving documents. So we can use Internet richness of the information resources to expand its collection, still can use directly these information resources to carry on the information retrieval consulting services. In searching available in the email, database retrieval, file transfer, remote login, and information query tools etc. In order to enrich the exploitation and utilization of Internet information resources, the author thinks that should through the following ways.1 directly use the InternetE-mail (hereinafter Email) Electronicmail, E-mail is a based on computer network to store, forward form various data, images, and exchange information in words of exchange System, sending and receiving and managementare in computer Internet E-mail systems management software. Email software generally provide teleport, browse, storage, transfer, delete, restore E-mail and the reply, and other functions, can match a communication, also can spread, each user has a particular coding mailbox, can with any users online information transmission, spontaneous since the received or forwardingletters. User simply equipped with a modem, a telephone lines and thcorresponding communication software, can in any part of the microcomputer with communication phase even on sending and receiving information, to realize communication. Email take storage, forwarding way, open E-mail program is adopted, the web server machine online way 24 hours working around-the-clock, always receive emails from all of the world, no matter what, when and where will the computer connected server only, can scoop out your E-mail. Need to send electronic information, users first the arbitrary length of letters for its input computer plus addressee address, and send button, the information being sent to the information high male road. On the other side of the addressee open a computer, information will be sent into his E-mail, can be read. Through E-mail can access the Internet richness of the database and files resources. But on the Internet use E-mail to the other party requests, told to want borrowed books or want to copy a in the journal papers. Users can also use E-mail to information institutions (or library) rapporteur retrieval request, will soon be in the home received E-mail sent back the retrieval results. via E-mail to obtain information resources of several ways (1) what service (2) information service Provide consulting services, get all kinds of information resources on the network. Internet information service center compiled the Mail server (E-mail Erver), so as to let the users query the information they provide. Archie server to send an email, the mail service Device will automatically read, analyze mail, and will execute commands in the results by E-mail sent users. When the user wants to nets the specific information service center inquires the material, can be directly to the center send an contains a series of electric information query command son Mail, the centers Mail server (E-mail erver) of procedures will automatically collect read, analyze received E-mail of life makes, then for users to search, retrieval results by E-mail sent back to the user E-mail. (3) electronic Bulletin Board system (Bulletin Board ystem, abbreviation BB)The electronic bulletin board content includes news, notification, conference news, composition, the latest weather conditions, the telephone directory and so on, can to a group of users, and not a single user provide telecommunication services, 24 hour at all times to located in the world of a group of people to transmit information, is the information communication is a very effective tool. (4) user group discussion group) (i.e. User group(Mailing List) is in accordance with the different project organization, attract the world 56,936 or have a common interest Old people to the discussion, exchange views. To become a discussion group members, users need to apply a panel discussion of the principal (usually send an electronic mail), he (she) name was included in the recipient list, then duly received networks offer letter interest, the user can his ideas entry computer, transmitted to other members of the group inside, so everyone may at any time, any place engage in conversation. In a foreign country, by E-mail for academic discussion already commonly, the same professional or related field experts, scholars between academic discussions and information exchange. Join or exit the group of users only to the relevant E-mail send an containing have join (by) or exit (unsubscribe) the E-mail address. (5) electronic journal (EJournal) Subscriber may through email to E-mail server RTFM. MIT. Edu address can be checked to the electronic periodical catalog and their E-mail address, email addresses to it issued to order the whole of periodicals or ordering the related articles in the journal letters. There are many online free of electronic journals, as long as you apply for subscription, subscription publications will automatically send to you Electronic mailbox. (6) online meeting Electronic conference in time and place of great flexibility, although lacking attendees mutual infection, but for travel Fee less groups speaking, have certain appeal.library or information institutions using email approach (1) information consulting services For readers request access to the literature material, ask knotty problems, find the latest information, when library cannot be resolved, they can make E-mail outside other information or advice, turn to deal with them. 2) information retrieval service OCLC and DIALOG system, etc. By E-mail way for users provide query and retrieving service always respond to user All of the information required, and users requirements to a users literature deliver E-mail. (3) provide online sdi intelligence services E-mail system, user use online inter-library loan system (ILL), first in the unity on the cataloguing books information retrieval, then choose 1! 5 housed the bibliography, sends out the library borrowing Book apply, Receive borrowed request of library via E-mail take each other need literature transmission in the past. (5) book purchasing and newspapers and periodicals order Many books wholesalers and publishers and set up their own electronic ordering system, used for the transmission of various books trade File, data and information, ordering personnel want to use based on the systematic terminals, can get from all over the world from the book information such as E-mail. (6) literature material exchange business, (7) collect user opinion (8) to release a new books catalogues, news and notice through Email realized on the various service with Internet access service provided (1) through Email do FTP, (2) by Email do Archic; (3) by Email do Gophcr; (4) by Email do Veronica, (5) by Email do Usenet; (6) by Email do WAI retrieval; (7) by Email do WWW, (8) by Email do Finger, (9) by Email do WHOI; (10) by Email to do the other services.File Transfer Protocol (FTP Protocol File, abbreviation) Is stored in the remote computer system of documents access tool. Need to user login user name and password files Sharing agreement. According to the FTP access to resources can be considered a special library (or information center), at any time to each take place Need, but not limited to place, also need not dependent on inter-library loan. In any between two computers to transmit data (documents), it is to use Elihu access Internet rich resources important method. File transfer protocol of the basic operation steps: and file transfer protocol clothing Affairs editor on-line, # login each other host, find necessary files; % definitions are send files the type; & access files, exit The other system. Document transmission, the first login to the other computer, just can undertake and file search, transmission related operation, such as the following documents directory, change the current document catalogue, set transport parameters, transfer files etc, using FTP can obtain any field letter interest resources, still can obtain thousands of computer program software. The FTP connection only being used for searching and transmit various documents, and usually is the literature of full text, allows users to nonlocal calculation In-flight file transfer to this unit hosts, and then set of records to oneself of micro computer reading, printing, or other processing. In the file transfer process, user once found useful information, can immediately they retrieved, sets of record and print them out. 130 Telnet (Telnet) This is in the TCP/interconnection Protocol (Transission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, abbreviation TCP/IP) of communication protocol terminal agreement Telnet, under the support of users computer through Internet nets temporarily become one Sets the remote computer terminal process. Users first in Telnet command given in the remote computers communication domain name or IP address, but according to the other system after the inquiry, the key in the user name and password. In the remote computer user, the first to become ubiquitous tasseled legitimate user, and have corresponding account number and password. Remote login step: with the other system online; # login each other department experience.meanwhile, decide oneself use terminals, in order to complete simulation type network terminal display data, % of all kinds of resources to the other system using, & exit each other. Once the user login successfully, can be real-time use remote computer opening of all resources. It is unnecessary to consider how far is from another country, users of computer system as connected next door, through remote system as easily as recorded connection, you immediately AD and can search Princeton university library online public readers, as if you were in use directory of the school an online directory public readers terminal. Use this function to use the remote computer on the information resources, to realize information sharing, and can make the information processing. Scientific computing, thus greatly expanded their available resources.2 the indirectly USES the InternetIf well track of the information network, find appropriate database, grasp well below the network information inspectionCable tools can be easier, fully, more effectively on the Internet queried and available information rmation query software Gop erApril 1991 by the university of Minnesotas earliest development of a menu-driven interactive type retrieval software, then browse in readers retrieval Internet on the various information resources. Will all kinds of information resources according to the hierarchical menus forms are properly described later to give users access, From top to bottom layers, thus accessing the menu was necessary information. Will the user requests automatically converts FTP or Telnet command, its common functions are: search text files, The users query recorded, Call FTP access files.Gopher integrated FTP functions, use Telnet or can be directly obtained menu-driven documents.Veronica (2.2 VeryEasyRodentOriented leads to a Computerized Arc ives) retrieval System This is a based on the pace of Gopher information retrieval system, to Gopher pace menu further index. User input retrieval words, the system will searching out all containing the search term menu items. Veronica tell users you find food single shown below (documents describing levels). Can retrieve out and retrieval model matching menu, so that the user can be directly enter phase shut menu, get necessary information. Jug eadThe basic function and Veronica is same, also be retrieval Gopher pace system of a kind of tool, Veronicas search rangeAre the Gopher pace, and Jughead only check Gopher pace is a particular area. global information nets WWW (Web) number1992 by European particle research center (CERN) launched the based on a super text (Hypertext) multimedia letterCoupon retrieval or query tool, is a menu type browsing tool, is the tree structure, the user can through cadres menu listWay, inquires into his the information she needed. Using the WWW can not only visit Hypermedia (Hypermedia) organization, and informationAnd still can visit Gopher, WAI, FTP, Archie and Usenet on the various information, and can obtain X500 andWhois and other network directory services. It will be located at Internet at different sites related literatures, data and information organically plait knit together, the use requirements, but only put forward inquires where and how to query is composed of query WWW automatically. The WWW searchable online with nearly all of the information resources, namely a link on the Internet computers in zentraedi, WWW software worldwide information immediately illustrated to appear vividly eyes, even with sound color animation or films, videos slice. Library users can be collected in todays world, WWW various hypertext literature, to build a virtual library. WWW retrieval tools (retrieval engine.this earch search) many, such as Yahoo is an excellent collection Engine, can be said to be a huge libraries of directory room, their web site is: HTTP: / / WWW.Y; 1996 mid-may Hong Kong optimal couplet grams international Co., LTD launched high intelligence collection of Chinese Goyoyo, inquires the material when engine, can according to its classification project retrieval, may also directly enter the keywords to find necessary Chinese material, quite convenient, their web site is: http:/WWW. Goyoyo. Com. Arc ie document query systemBy Canada MCGILL university develops, allow the user to enter a through may appear in the key needed database nameWord on the Internet to inquires resources. User input keywords, Archie can be automatically query online documentation, and will name descriptorClose inquires the conditions of the database retrieval out. Users are searching the types of files with hope filename, document server (ArchieServer) can point out that in which the FTP server to deposit such documents.For according to index search and find articles according to content with strong function, can use one or more keywords to search rapidly, tulameen bottom of information, can be in millions of database searches for any information Internet service tool, is a kind of keywords search information relevant documents in the host address, document catalogue and filenames) tool, is an information retrieval system, can cycle connected to the world of anonymous FTP server, will these servers offer can carry document file name and path collect together to form Archie database, and through the retrieval procedure for Internet users provide compulsory inspection cable service. Archic search out a file of the corresponding anonymous FTP address, namely tell users you seek filename where (filename level). Can help inquires the carrying specified file or directory anonymous FTP, and returning to our information.2.6 wide-area information server WAIS (Wide AreaInformation Service)Apple Computer, know by Dow Jones Machines and jointly sponsored by know Machines Develop and provide the user inquires the distribution in the Internet on each kind of database of a generic interface software. Is a distributionType information retrieval system, searchable database, involving more than 500 index range of content is great, suitable for searching text files, reading newspapers around the world, scanning all kinds of professional database. Using the WAI than other tools can more accurately retrieving of users file.Internet 电子信息资源的开发和利用 开发和利用Internet 上丰富的电子信息资源, 可直接考虑电子邮件、文件传输、远程登录 的途径,也可间接考虑利用各种常用的信息检索工具, 本文分别作了较详细的介绍和分析, 旨在帮 助用户很好地使用Internet。对信息机构或图书馆而言,学好、用好Internet, 不仅可扩大信息资源 的开发和利用的范围,而且能提高为使用者服务的水平。 关键词 因特网 电子信息资源 开发 利用 Exploitation andUtilization of Electronic Information Resources on Internet Internet 能广泛沟通世界上每一个人,连接所有的计算机和提供丰富的信息资源, 并提供 了多种服务工具来获取这些资源。信息机构或图书馆可在Internet 上查找信息资源, 检索电 子期刊和报纸, 订购电子出版物,检索上网馆藏目录和联合目录, 检索数据库系统,查阅期刊目次,通过文件传输(FTP)接收文件等。这样就可利用Internet 上丰富的信息资源来扩展自己的馆藏,还可直接利用这些信息资源来开展信息检索咨询服务。在查新中可利用电子邮件、数据库检索、文件传输、远程登录、和信息查询工具等。为了开发与利用Internet 上丰富的信息资源,笔者认为应通过以下这些途径。 1 直接使用Internet 电子邮件(Electronicmail,简称Email) 电子邮件是一种基于计算机网络以存储、转发形式交换各种数据、图像及文字信息的交换 系统, 发送、接收和管理均在计算机网络上电子邮件系统管理软件下进行。电子邮件软件通常 提供传送、浏览、存