英语口语学习及心得.doc

BEC2口语05年12月考试情况考生反馈PART 1 OPEN QUESTIONS 开放式问题（TRACY备注：并非一个人的问题，每个人问了其中一两个，问过你PARTNER的问题很可能立刻问你，What do you think of it?所以要倾听考官和你PARTNER的对话。）BEC中级考试口语部分前程模拟PART 2注意提问要和对方讲的东西有关系，所以最好说：Just now you mentioned , my questions is BEC-2 模拟考试TRACY反馈1 避免托腮讲话，可以一手拿纸，一手拿笔。2 不要在考官给出的试题纸上做笔记，自带纸笔。3 没有任何的必要紧张，说话清晰比说得快但是考官听起来费力要好得多。4 多数考官根本不会看你，而是低头看自己的笔记（让考官面对考生笑一天还不累死他/她？）。5 你自己愿意低头看着笔记讲还是抬头看着考官讲都无所谓。PART 11 把话说完整2 尽量回答考官提问，而不是回避没有准备的问题。3. 请避免小的语法错误，如：a) I came (to) here by bus today.b) I prefer to bus.PART II1. 太急于抄题，而忽略了思考。考官多数会允许你看着题目讲，即使不允许，你首先可以要求再看一眼，其次：思考比抄写重要得多。解决办法：请尽量在平时练习中脱稿。2. 观点不足，有的同学40秒结束战斗。请记住：被打断比时间不够要强得多得多。解决知道：自己编写一些题目练习，可以和PARTNER 互相出题给对方。3. 不敢多说。有的同学英语比较好，但是说完PROMPTS就结束了。而想要得到最高级别的分数，能否给出更多观点就是一个评价尺度。4. 中式英语。只有1%的同学能够完全引用听力磁带中的几个句子，10%的同学能够完整引用老师上课和书上的句子，其余的同学全部用自己的英文表达。解决办法：你能背诵至少100句原句吗？50句？背诵，然后用一模一样的句子表达出来，就是高分！5. 发音问题，例如：presentation, present the products, morale, think，不模仿磁带就不是学英文。提问部分：1 提问的水平是决定是否给你1等的关键，如果你说Which factor will you give more weight to? 或者Do you give equal weight to these two factors? 英语好人尽量要问出有质量的问题。2 考官问：Who will start the talk first? 你可以说：I will. 或者说I will go.3 考官问：Which topic have you chosen? 你可以说：I have chosen B. 然后直接开始陈述，不要再等考官问你are you ready to start?4 提问的步骤：a) 听对方说出一个完整的意思就可以不听了，如对方说：When we offer incentives to staff, we should consider their current performance.b) 你可以在纸上记录 incentives, current, performance, 然后利用任何一个单词造个句子：i. Personally, do you work hard for incentives?ii. Will you also consider past performance?iii. How do you measure their performances?iv. 如果你实在没有听懂对方说什么，请你不要只是问：Which factor will you give more weight to? 而是多说一点：1. I understand you just mentioned several factors. My question is, personally, do you give equal weight to these factors? c) 如果对方听不懂你的问题，请你不要再把问题重复一遍，而是换个方式来问，或者加上手势，或者把问题的关键点在问之前就写在纸上，给你PARTNER迅速看一眼。PART III1 审题不细致，看了一个自己熟悉的小点就拼命说，而忽略了整个题目，审查题目最重要。2 过分追求把观点记录下来，忽略了交流和思考。很多观点是一边讨论一边想出来的。3 不要卑鄙地念一遍题目，然后问对方：Do you have any ideas? 应该是自己有观点，问对方：What do you think then?如何练习（以1小时为例）1 请用10分钟模仿听力磁带，听一句，暂停模仿一句。2 10分钟对自己讲话（尽量用书上的表达方式），例如：听力磁带当中有这样一段：Actually its a bit heavy for me. I dont really eat meat. Given the choice, Id prefer salads. 那么你可以根据这段变成自己的话：Now I have two American visitors. I would ask them what food they prefer, because many foreigners find Chinese food very heavy. They may prefer salads sometimes.3 背诵原句，向着100句的方向努力吧。4 互相给对方出题目，出什么题目都可以，例如：Do you want to share an office with others? Should we organize a party each month?5 自己编写一些题目。商务背景知识充电TRACY备注：有关人力资源1 如何招聘a) 列出需要招聘的岗位和工作职责；b) 最好先进行内部竞聘，这是鼓励员工在公司内部长期发展的一个有效手段；c) 内部没有合适的候选人可以开展外部招聘或者猎头服务d) 在报纸或互联网上刊登招聘广告e) 进行面试，确定人选2 你如何看待内部招聘？a) 机会首先留给已经为公司发展做出贡献的人，可以鼓励员工在公司内部长期发展；b) 当招聘岗位较少的时候，内部招聘可以降低招聘成本，不必打招聘广告；c) 内部招聘上岗的人熟悉公司操作，更加适应工作；d) 内部招聘也有一些缺点，例如因为有一定的感情因素而可能不够客观严格；竞聘不成功的候选人可能情绪受到影响等等。人力资源工作要尽量关注到这些细节。3 你如何看待猎头服务？a) 通常来说，企业只有在招聘难得的高级人才，专业人才的时候才会用到猎头服务；b) 猎头服务相对价格较高，但是人才无价，必要的时候企业可以求助猎头服务。4 如何使新员工尽快适应工作？a) 公司应该有一套完整的新员工培训手册，包括公司的文化，公司的产品和服务规范等等；b) 可以指定一个具体的负责人来对新员工进行培训，这样可以及时解答新员工的疑问；c) 允许新员工在工作中学习并成长，因为在实践中学习是最有效率的。5 如何确保老员工得到有效的培训a) 企业应当有固定的培训经费；b) 关于培训内容，一定要征求员工的意见，选择员工认为最实用的项目进行培训；c) 关于培训时间，尽量不要占用员工的业余时间，否则容易使员工产生逆反心理；安排日程尽量选择在业务的淡季，避免影响日常工作。6 如何选择外部培训机构a) 选择知名的培训机构，声誉往往是质量的保证；b) 选择价格合理的培训机构，或者培养长期合作关系以获得更优惠的价格；c) 征求员工的意见很重要，我们可以把几家公司的培训内容，课程安排等提供给员工，由大家来共同讨论，做出明智的选择。7 如何对员工进行绩效评估？a) 要设计一个公平公开的评估系统，对于销售市场等可以按照实际工作业绩进行考评，而对于人力资源，行政等职位则要考虑到很多综合因素，如：上级评价，特殊成就，其他员工对其工作的满意程度等等；b) 绩效评估要和工资和奖金挂钩，以调动员工的积极性；c) 绩效评估尽可能要以客观事实和工作成果为依据，以保证员工认可其公平性。8 解雇员工都有哪些注意事项？a) 因为公司裁员而解雇员工要根据劳动法给予补偿；b) 因为员工过错而解雇员工要有确凿的证据；c) 解雇员工是个谨慎的决定，在某些时候，解雇员工比招聘一个员工更为昂贵，所以，招聘到合适的员工是避免解雇的第一步。9 什么样的员工可以获得升职？a) 有突出的工作业绩；在公司运做中结果说明一切，所以业绩是第一要素；b) 有良好的工作态度和公司忠诚度，这样的员工可以在公司长期发展。10 如何面试求职者a) 创造比较轻松的面试氛围，让求职者放松地展现自己的能力；b) 利用小组讨论，现场技能测试等多种方式，尽可能从各个角度上观察求职者的表现；c) 安排尽可能多的人员面试求职者，综合大家的意见，避免某个面试官因主观好恶影响招聘。11 希望招到什么样的求职者？a) 能尽快适应工作的求职者最受欢迎，他们要么有足够的专业经验，要么表现出了非常强的快速学习能力；b) 求职者对于所应聘的行业和职位有着长远的职业发展计划，这样的员工比较稳定。c) 具有团队合作精神的人。12 员工喜欢什么样的福利待遇？a) 医疗保险，养老保险，年假是必要的福利待遇；b) 某些福利如奖励性旅游，奖励性现金，公司车，生日礼物等都能够激励员工；c) 员工希望灵活的福利，如休假可以累积或者折合现金等。13 如何激励员工的工作热情？a) 有竞争性的工资和福利；b) 员工可以获得升职的机会，可以在公司有长远的发展；c) 舒适的办公条件，公平公开的公司文化14 如何减少合格员工的流失？（同上题）15 你怎样看待着装规范？a) 着装规范完全取决于公司的性质，服务性质的公司诸如商店，饭店适合统一着装；b) 幕后工作的人通常不必统一着装，但是要遵守一定的着装规范，例如穿着正装，不能过分暴露等等。16个人如何找工作1 如何挑选工作a) 挑选感兴趣的行业和职责b) 有竞争力的工资和福利c) 长远的职业发展机会2 如何准备面试3 如果进行面试4 如何尽快适应新工作5 如何获得升职6 喜欢什么样的老板7 喜欢什么样的同事8 喜欢什么样的办公环境关于公司地址和公司的硬件条件1 如何选择办公地址2 如何选择零售店地址3 哪些设备是办公所必须的4 怎么样满足员工对办公环境的需求5 如何减少办公对环境所造成的污染6 怎么样购买新设备7 怎么样解决SHARE办公设备所带来的问题8 公司车是否必要9关于公司运营范围的问题1 新公司选择什么样的行业进入2 如果增加新的经营范围3市场问题1 市场调查的重要性2 如何进行市场调查3 如何保住现有市场4 如何开拓新市场5 如何打广告6 如何进行政府公关7 如何利用媒体的软广告8 如何维护与媒体的关系9 如何处理市场危机10 如果促进品牌形象11 如何设计好的促销方式12 如何研究竞争对手13 如何确保价格的竞争性14 如何尽量减少市场开支，但是确保良好的效果销售1 如何建立并稳定销售队伍2 如何培训销售人员3 如何招聘到最好的销售代表4 如果设立提成奖励模式5 如何寻找并 管理，如何培训经销商6 如何建立销售模式7 如果开拓销售渠道8 销售经理的职责9 如何处理恶性竞争10 如何处理顾客投诉公关1 公关与市场工作有什么区别2 公关应具备什么样的素质3 如何做好公关工作客户关系1 如果维护客户关系2 如何接待客户3 如果给客户送礼物4 过年过节日是否应该给顾客送礼物5 如何维护客户关系6 如果避免老客户被竞争对手拉走7 如何争取新客户8 如何鼓励客户对产品和服务提出意见9 倾听顾客意见的重要性开会1 进行商务谈判要注意什么2 部门内部多长时间开一次会议合适？3 如何与客户开会4 如何确保会议的高效率5 开会前要做什么准备工作6 开大型会议要注意什么7 开商品展示订货会要注意什么8 如何确定是否参加异地的商品交易会9 如何在商品交易会达到最理想的效果10 选派什么人参加商品交易会11 你怎么样看远程电子会议售后服务1 售后服务的重要性2 如何作好售后服务3 遇到投诉怎么处理和国外有关1 和外国以及外国人有关系的2 到外国开拓市场3 外国顾客来到公司4 与外国人一起同事5 如果在国外举办商品介绍会采购1 如果选择供应商2 采购的步骤3 采购人员应该具备的素质4 如何采购办公设备5 采购原材料注意事项6 你如何看待网络采购和邮购管理1. 管理者的责任2. 管理者的素质3. 如何做一名出色的部门经理4. 如何招聘管理者5. 什么样的管理培训有作用6. 怎么样提高公司的管理水平7. 如何处理频繁迟到的员工8. 如何应对员工的抱怨9. 如果处理性骚扰问题10. 如何合理应对加班工作11. 如果确保工作的高效率12. 如何管理好自己的时间13. 如何确保与顾客交流的有效率14. 如何处理与其他员工的矛盾15. 如何面对不同意见16. 如何鼓励员工节约成本17. 如何应付性别歧视18. 如何应对过重的工作量19. 如何加强部门之间的合作20. 财务管理要注意哪些事项21. 出差管理都包括哪些内容22. 如果确保出差的高效率23. 出差前都要做什么样的准备工作Communication1. 如果增加员工之间的沟通2. 如何鼓励员工与上级沟通3. 如何增进与顾客的良好沟通4.调动员工1. 如何帮助调动到异地的员工尽快适应工作2. 如何有效合理调动员工environmental report1 如何在办公中保护环境2 如何在生产中保护环境3 如何增强员工的环境意识health and safety1 如何减少工伤2 如何增强员工的安全意识business expenses1 如何降低管理成本2 如何减低运输成本3 如何降低生产成本4 如何降低市场成本5 如何降低销售成本6 如何降低服务成本包装1 如何设计包装a) Its easy to use and carry.b) It looks attractive.c) It is environmentally friendly.d) It is less expensive.2 如何降低包装成本3 如何在包装环境保护环境项目管理1 如何管理一个项目i. 有好的团队，尤其是团队经理ii. 明确的日程和时间观念2 如何确定项目经理和项目小组的人选i. 具有专业知识和技能ii. 具有良好的沟通能力3 如何面对小组内部意见不一致i. 项目经理进行协调ii. 加强沟通iii. 进一步分析矛盾，知道达成共识口语部分Preparation for Part One (Interview)In the first part of the test, the interlocutor addresses each candidate in turn and asks general questions. Candidates will not be addressed in strict sequence. This part of the test lasts about three minutes and during this time, candidates are being tested on their ability to talk about themselves, to provide personal information on their home, interests and jobs, and to perform functions such as agreeing and disagreeing, and expressing preference.Sequence: 1. Introduction of people concerned2. Marksheets required3. Topics and QuestionsQuestions about candidates names and hometownsWhats your name?How to spell your name?How do you spell your family name/surname/last name?Where are you from?Would you say its a good place to live in? (why)Do you like living in ? (why)Where would you rather live, or ? (why)Do you think it would be better to live in or ? (why)Do you come from a large family or a small one?Can you tell me a bit about in your family?Questions about candidates identity - work or studyDo you work or are you a student?What do you do?What do you study?Whats your major?What do you like most about your job?What do you like most about your studies?Preparation for Part Two (Mini Presentations)The second part of the test is a “mini-presentation”. In this part, the candidates are given a choice of topic and about one minute to prepare a piece of extended speech. After each candidate has spoken, their partner will be invited to ask a question about what has been said.Sequence:1. A choice of 3 topics2. Preparation for one minute3. Give a one-minute presentation4. Partners question after presentationPreparation for Part Three(Collaborative Task and Discussion)The third part of the test is a two-way conversation (three-way in a three candidate format) between candidates. The interlocutor gives candidates a topic to discuss. The candidates are asked to speak together for about three minutes. The interlocutor will support the conversation if appropriate and then ask further questions related to the main theme.Directions:1. 30 seconds task reading and thinking2. 3 minutes discussing3. No writingAppendix: Model Answers to Part TwoTask Sheet 1A: What is important when selecting applicants for a job or employees for promotion? I believe it is very important for employers to observe the applicants or employees interpersonal skills when they make their selection. We cannot just witness the academy award performance of the applicants or employees. We need to ask questions regarding the applicants interpersonal relationships with people in other social and civic situations. Most jobs are not performed in isolation and the need to interact is often essential. In fact, most failures in the workplace are not due to lack of technical ability, but rather to shortcomings in interpersonal competence. An individual may be a highly skilled worker. However, if he or she cannot work well with other employees, chances for success are slim. This is especially true in todays world with increasing emphasis being placed on the use of team.B: What is important when choosing a new supplier?I think reputation is an important element we have to consider when we choose a new supplier. The supplier we are going to cooperate with should be an established partner who can provide the specialist expertise and applications our business needs. He can back-up his service and his partners applications with a flexible range of products. If our supplier enjoys a high reputation, he will guarantee his services, preferably through a service level agreement that sets out availability, performance levels and response times. And will have the financial stability to guarantee the future of his service.Generally speaking if our business is growing, we need to look for scalability. A suppler with high reputation has the capability to offer services that can grow as our business expands - without costly reconfiguration or upgrades.C: Whats important when aiming to improve production quality?We should attach great importance to R&D when we aim to improve production quality. Any far-sighted entrepreneur will have to acknowledge that in todays competitive market, a business can only survive by improving production quality. We therefore should recognize the importance of innovation and development and set up a research and development department in our company, staffed with experienced researchers and engineers trained to develop the latest technology in the industry. With all this modern technology, we will be able to increase productivity, maximize production output and enhance the quality of our products. Thus, we will able to undertake complex production process and ensure that the products quality meets our clients expectations. In our move to be more globally competitive, we should strive to achieve internationally recognized quality standards through R&D. Task Sheet 2A: Whats important when preparing for a job interview?The interview itself is an exercise in two-way communication between the recruiter and you. Therefore the first important step when preparing for a job interview is to study the job advertisement. You should read the job description carefully and understand the content. Your next step is to find out all you can about the company. Information may be available from the business pages in various newspapers, trade publications and company annual reports, as well as the University College library. As a bare minimum you should know what products the company produces or the services it provides and where it is located.As far as dress is concerned, be neatly and conservatively dressed. Your manner and attitude should reflect the type of person you are or would like to be. Recruiters are generally quite good at detecting the person who puts on an act, so just be yourself! B: Whats important when deciding whether to attend a conference?When you decide to attend a conference you must first check the quality of the speaker. That is to say the speakers invited to deliver speeches during the conference should be qualified. If the conference organizers select the right keynote speakers they will have an excellent way to begin their conferences and create excitement for their attendees. Qualified speakers can help a lot to set the tone of the conference on a high level. From the audiences points of view, qualified speakers are good at defining what the message of the event will be and creating excitement for the remainder of the conference topics. Well-known speakers also can draw attendees and boost attendance. Even the portion of the audience who might not hold the same interests as the majority still will be interested in what the speaker has to say. A conference equipped with wisely selected speakers must be an excellent one.C: Whats important when developing new products?In my opinion market research should be the first consideration when we develop new products. Our customers tastes and requirements have to be taken into account if our new products are not to be left unsold. That is to say our new products need to be available in the right quantity, at the right place, at the right price and at the right time. When developing new products, we should ask ourselves: “what do customers need which they do not already have?” and “in what form would they prefer the goods (or services) which they are persistently missing?”. We need to approach these problems sensitively by conducting market research. In fact a business can only survive if it is able to anticipate the needs of consumers and continue to do so.Task Sheet 3A: Whats important when selecting a job to apply for?B: Whats important when choosing a magazine to buy regularly?C: Whats important when choosing a business book to study from?Task Sheet 4A: Whats important when giving a presentation?We should first pay attention to the types of our audiences. Generally speaking our audiences can be divided into several types during the presentation. Some audiences are experts in the sub-area we are talking about, some are experts in the general area, and others know little or nothing. Therefore when we give the presentation, Most audiences should be addressed in layers. That is to say we must decide who is most important to us. For example, we can pitch the body to experts, but make the forecast and summary accessible to all. Thus we can ensure everyone during the presentation is satisfied to get what they want and they will all regard our presentation fruitful and effective.B: Whats important when choosing a business course to attend?Considering the type of the course and deciding which type suits you is very important when you choose a business course to attend. You should first consider the type, namely the session format when choosing sessions to attend. Conferences typically offer a variety of session formats-such as presentations, workshops, demonstrations, and progressions that each require or invite different levels of attendee participation. Therefore, you should first examine the types of sessions at the conference, and choose ones that suit your preferences and needs. Deciding the appropriate type in advance can help you find out what prerequisite knowledge you need for each session, and you can do your homework ahead of time, if necessary. You will get more out of a session if you have the knowledge base expected, rather than trying to catch up during the session itself. C: Whats important when choosing a language course?Length of course is one of the most important considerations in choosing a language course. When we attend a language course, assimilating new information, repetition and reinforcement are imperative for us. Therefore we need much more time and opportunities to think out questions or do tasks. A course at appropriate length also can give us opportunities to reinforce or correct our own errors and work out solutions. Another reason for a language course to have an appropriate length is that if the course is too short we cannot have enough time to digest all the knowledge weve learned. Just as an athlete must rest to let their muscles grow and their skill level increase, so must a language student rest, contemplate and digest new information so that a solid base will form on which to build further learning. Thus we can have a fresh and eager mind to acquire more information.Task Sheet 5A: Whats important when deciding which type of company you would like to work for?B: Whats important when choosing a magazine to advertise a product or service in?When you choose a magazine to advertise your products or services in, you should first ensure that the readers of the magazine are your target audience. Always ask yourself such a question: who and where are the people you want your advertisement to reach? You should take time to carefully define your audience and select the right magazine which will have stronger appeal to your target audience than others. Narrowing dow