人教版必修三Unit 1 Festivals around the world grammar课时作业(1).docx

unit 1 festivals around the world grammar课时作业第一节 阅读理解awhen top engineers in germany wanted to build a more energy efficient car，they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks. but it was the boxfish(盒子鱼)that interested them. “we were surprised when this clumsylooking fish became our model for designing an aerodynamic(空气动力学的)car”，says thomas weber. he is the research and development chief for the car company daimler. an aerodynamic design reduces wind drag and increases fuel efficiency. the boxfish may look clumsy，but it can start，stop，back up and zigzag(曲折前进)through the water with ease. and it does all this using surprisingly little energy. daimlers bionic(仿生学的)car is modeled on the fishs boxy skeletal(骨豁的)system. like the fish，the car is fast and drives easily. its efficient too. the science behind nature inspired inventions is called biomimicry (生物仿生)biologist janine benyus came up with the term. as cofounder of the biomimicry guild，she has worked with cereal companies，sneaker designers and others to develop products based on natures best ideas. this month，the natures 100 best list will be revealed at the world conservation congress(代表大会)in barcelona，spain. benyus coauthored the list of nature inspired designs with economist gunter pauli. in zimbabwe，a country in southern africa，engineers designed energy efficient buildings modeled on termite(白蚁)mounds(土堆)the buildings use vents(孔)to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool. a company in atlanta，us，developed a self-cleaning paint modeled on the lotus(荷花)leaf. when the paint dries，it becomes bumpy(不平的)，just like the lotus leaf. rain drop form on the bumps and roll off，carrying dirt along with them. nature has done billions of years of research. only the best designed products have survived. companies owe mother nature a debt for all that hard work，says benyus. for scientists and inventors，the possibilities for copying nature are limitless. technology may never be as efficient as nature，or as colorful. but that doesnt mean we should stop trying to learn from the world around us. take a walk outside. watch a squirrel climb up a tree. look closely at the veins(纹理)of a leaf. hear the birds chirping in the trees. such small details may help solve big problems in the future. 1which is true according to the passage?ain america a self-cleaning paint was modeled on the lotus flower. bzimbabwe engineers learned from termites to create highly advanced heating systems. cafter the boxfish，many other ideas of new products are borrowed from nature. dnature is a good source to turn to for improving technology. 答案d解析推理判断题。文章通过举例表明：大自然是我们提高技术的根源。2the clumsy-looking boxfish interested the scientists because of the following reasons except that _ait swims using little energybbeing boxy，it looks quite like a carcsome engineers had researched on how to swim easily in the waterdit is a speedy swimmer 答案c解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知c是文章中没有提到的内容。3why did top engineers in germany go to the natural history museum?athey wanted to pay a visit to the animals there because they were so lovely. bthey wanted to carry out a research of boxfish and dolphins. cthey wanted to search for a model to base on for building a moreefficient car. dthey wanted to study the science of survival. 答案c解析细节理解题。根据第一段when top engineers in germany wanted to build a more energyefficient car, they headed to the natural history museum可知c正确。4we can infer from the passage except _ait is believed that the creation of the airplane might have originated from the bird flying in the skybthe atmosphere on the earth cannot be transferred into the original ideacdolphins and sharks may become the source of scientists inventions or creationsdif you observe and explore nature，you may make great discoveries or become great inventors答案b解析细节理解题。根据全文可知b是文章中没有涉及的内容。blanguage learning begins with listening. children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking，and later starters are often long listeners. most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak，though the word“obey”is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. before they can speak，many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises. any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. it is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight，pain，friendliness，and so on. but since these cant be said to show the babys intention to communicate，they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. it is agreed，too，that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment，and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. this selfimitation(模仿)leads on to deliberate(有意的)imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. the problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech. it is a problem we need to get out. the meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. thus the use at seven months of “mama”as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father，his dog，or anything else he likes. playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself，i doubt，however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds. 5before children start speaking，what is greatly different?athe amount of listening. ba number of listening. cthe sound of listening. dthe meaning of listening. 答案a解析细节理解题。由文章开头第二句可知。6later starters are often long listeners，the sentence means one can _abe hard to speak fluentlybbegin to speak quicklycstart with listeningdoften take a long time in learning to listen properly答案d解析细节理解题。由文章第二句中and later starters are often long listeners可知，开始讲话越晚，学听的时间就越长。7these can not be said to show a babys intention to speak，“these” refer to _apain bhappinessckindness dabove of all答案d解析细节理解题。根据文章第八句可知答案。第二节任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。since i took office ive done everything in my power to protect our children from harm. weve worked to make their streets and their schools safer，to give them something positive to do after school and before their parents get home. weve worked to teach our children that drugs are dangerous，illegal and wrong. today，i want to talk to you about the historic opportunity we now have to protect our nations children from an even more deadly threat：smoking. smoking kills more people every day than aids，alcohol，car accidents，murders，suicides，drugs and fires combined. nearly 90 percent of those smokers lit their first cigarette before they turned 18. consider this：3，000 children start to smoke every day illegally，and 1，000 of them will die sooner because of it. this is a national tragedy that every american should be honor bound to help prevent. for more than five years weve worked to stop our children from smoking before they start，launching a nationwide campaign to educate them about the dangers of smoking，to reduce their access to tobacco products，and to severely restrict tobacco companies from advertising to young people. if we do these，well cut teen smoking by almost half over the next five years. that means if we act now，we have it in our power to stop 3 million children from smoking and to save a million lives as a result. title：the _1_ against youth smokingwhat i have done tomaking their _2_ safer. protect our children from harmhelping them do something that does them good after school. making them be _3_ that drugs cant be taken. _4_ of teen smokingmore people _5_ from smoking every day than aids，alcohol，car accidents，murders，suicides，drugs and fires combined. nearly 90% of smokers _6_ smoking _7_ 18. 3，000 children start to smoke every day illegally, and 1/3 of them will die sooner as a _8_ of smoking. what has been done to protect children from smokingeducating the children about the _9_ of smoking. reducing their access to tobacco products. _10_ tobacco companies from advertising to the young. 1. 答案fight解析考查标题。本文讲述了青少年抽烟的危害并提出解决的办法。2答案surroundings解析信息整合题。根据第一段第二句中“. . . make their streets and their schools safer”可知“their streets and their schools”实际上就是他们的生活“环境”。3答案aware解析信息整合题。第一段的最后一句的意思是教育孩子毒品是危险的、非法的、错误的，也就是说让他们知道不可吸食毒品。be aware意为“知道，明白”。4答案facts解析信息归纳题。右栏归纳了青少年抽烟的事实。5答案die解析同义词转换题。根据第二段中的“smoking kills more people. . . ”可知答案。die from意为“死于”。6答案began/started解析信息整合题。第二段中“lit their first cigarette”意为“开始抽烟”。7答案under/before解析信息整合题。第二段中“before they turned 18”的意思是“在他们十八岁之前”，也就是说“不足十八岁”。8答案result解析词义转换题。根据第二段最后一句“. . . and 1，000 of them will die sooner because of it”可知答案。as a result of意为“because of”。9答案dangers/harm解析信息捕捉题。根据第三段中的“the dangers of smoking”可知答案。80答案restricting/stopping解析信息捕捉题。根据第三段中的“severely restrict tobacco companies from advertising to young people”可得出答案。第三节书面表达(满分25分)阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。a little boy was playing in his sandbox. he had with him his box of toy cars and trucks and a red plastic shovel(铲). in the process of creating roads in the soft sand, he discovered a large rock in the middle of the sandbox. the boy dug around the rock, managing to get it out from the dirt. with a little bit of struggle, he pushed the rock across the sandbox by using his feet. when the boy got the rock to the edge of the sandbox, however, he found that he couldnt roll it up and move it to the wall. determined, the little boy tried again, pushed, and shoveled, but every time he thought he had made some progress, the rock rolled and then fell back into the sandbox. the little boy struggled, pushed, and pulled, but failed. finally he burst into tears. the boys father watched him from his living room window all the time. at the moment the tears fell, a large shadow fell across the boy and the sandbox. it was the boys father. gently but firmly he said, “son, why didnt you use all the strength available? ” defeated, the boy sobbed, “but i did, daddy, i did! i used all the strength that i had！” “no, son，” corrected the father kindly. “you didnt use all the strength you had. you didnt ask me. ” with these words the f