雅思写作高频词汇.doc

雅思写作高频词汇1. 环保:environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminate, contamination垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), recycle, reduce, reuse, dump回收:glass, paper, water, milk carton牛奶盒, tyre, aluminium cans铝罐, plastic bags, rubbish bagsbiodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源, replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电, solar (lunar) power太阳能, nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约, consume less v. 少消耗Natural resources are limited on the earth, so we have to conserve them. Otherwise, one day, we will deplete all the energy. （这只是最简单的一种组合）污染: water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution土壤污染, noise pollution危害动物: poaching非法打猎，盗猎, damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地, rare breed稀有物种, endangered species濒危物种, extinct adj.灭绝 (die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者 , natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区, protect wild life保护野生动物, disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on对。有灾难性的影响危害植物: vegetation植被, deforestation森林消失, landslide山体滑坡, mudslide泥石流The devastation of vegetation may cause landslides.危害环境: carbon dioxide二氧化碳, acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀)greenhouse effect温室效应 (worsening, deteriorate, deterioration恶化)global warming全球变暖ecological system=ecosystem生态系统green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴, (filter v. 过滤)arouse peoples awareness/consciousness of environmental protection提高公众的环保意识2. 教育学校: primary school/elementary school小学, middle school, high school, (junior high school, senior high school), nursery托儿所, kindergarten幼儿园higher education高等教育, further education进修教育: parenting, schooling,enroll 入学admit 招收，录取Parents are obliged to do父母有责任、义务去做。compulsory education 强制教育、义务教育minors 未成年人mature students 成年学生immature 不成熟的学习知识: learn skills学习技能, acquire knowledge学习知识，enrich knowledge丰富知识, widen horizon开阔视野, inspire interest激发兴趣, stimulate interest激发兴趣, cultivate v. 培养literacy识字, numeracy识数字, lay a solid foundation for the future为将来打下坚实的基础学习上的问题: lack discipline缺少约束力/persistence毅力, test-oriented education应试型教育, quality education 素质教育考试: take, retake, resit, fail, pass, test result, transcript 成绩单examination-orientated education, test-oriented education应试型教育, quality education 素质教育cram for examinations突击考试, stuff 塞memorise背, memorisation, rote learning死记硬背discourage critical thinking 打击评判性思维make the students stop questioning what they are taught 使学生们不去质问他们学习的东西academic performance学习表现(就是学习的意思)Adversely influence 负面地影响（动作）Exert adverse/unfavorable influence on对。产生负面影响Emphasis on memorisation adversely influences ones academic performance.Creativity 创造性Come at the expense/cost of creativity以牺牲创造力为代价Lower/raise the standard of降低了。的水平Test-taking techniques应试技巧Tips窍门Examination-oriented education is harmful to students. On the one hand, it encourages memorization and discourages critical thinking. This form of education comes at the expense of creativity and imagination, because the teachers can only teach test-taking techniques instead of real knowledge. 3. 新闻,媒体媒体: medium-media: read newspapers, watch TV programs, surf the Internet, Newspaper: broadsheet严肃大报纸, tabloid窄幅报纸, gutter press小报, media tycoon媒体大亨记者：reporter, journalist, paparazzi 狗仔队（复数）读者群Readership观众audience报道：news coverage好处: provide us with rich information给我们提供丰富的信息, entertain us是我们得到娱乐, enable people to relax使人们得到放松, disseminate/spread knowledge传播知识, up-to-date information最新的信息, keep people well-informed使人信息灵通Convenience便利, efficiency 效率坏处: information overload, information explosion, 信息爆炸Uncensored information corrupts childrens minds.未经审查信息腐蚀小孩的心灵。Violence n.暴力, pornography n.色情, obscene色情的, violent暴力的, pornographic色情的, 令人厌恶的objectionable content(image) 新闻审查制度: censorshipregulate information to be released, 管理即将发布的信息filter objectionable content过滤不良内容, provide a safe and pleasant cyber environment 提供一个安全美好的网络空间invade ones privacy侵犯隐私, deprive people of the freedom of speech剥夺人们言论自由, freedom of the press新闻自由People are deprived of the freedom of speech. 人们被剥夺了言论自由。libel, slander 诽谤access v. n. 接触The internet enables people to have easy access to various information. cyber love网恋, cyber friends网友, cyber crime网络犯罪 (financial crime) Internet-addicted 上网成瘾的isolation 孤立, isolated 孤立的unsociable不善社交的download, upload, write your blogs, share your feelings with friends4. 交通departure, arrival, mobility移动性pedestrian行人traffic conditions (worsen, deteriorate, go from bad to worse), 交通状况恶化traffic regulations交通规则 (obey遵守, violate违背), traffic congestions, traffic jams, traffic lights, traffic-free zone（无车辆区）, pavement, sidewalk人行道, zebra line人行横道heavy traffic拥挤的交通, light traffic比较畅通的交通, crowded street, Cars dominate our roads. 车辆占满了我们的道路。Means of public transport: airplane, ship, cruises, ferry, coach, shuttle bus, light railcarpool拼车avenue, boulevard, lane, driveway, street, 车: vehicle车辆, sedan car, 4-wheel drive, hatch back, boot, trunk, Cycle lanes自行车道, Park and Ride停车换乘Traffic codes交通规则Drink-driving酒后驾车, offence罪观点:Relieve the pressure on traffic, 减轻交通方面的压力encourage people to use public transport, 鼓励大家使用公交raise the price of fuels, impose higher tax, traffic-calming measures, set up traffic free zones, Subsidise public transport， 补贴公共交通adopt effective transport strategy采取有效的交通策略City council市政府6. 工作:Full-time, part-time, white-collar, blue-collar, semi-skilled, self-employed, freelancer, 收入: income, perk, allowance, commission, bonus, salary rise, promotion, wages, salary,职业好: enjoyable, pleasant, steady, provide many opportunities for提供各种。的机会, give me a sense of satisfaction/accomplishment给我一种满足感、成就感, apply what I have learnt to my job把我学的用在工作中, put my talent into full play充分发挥我的天分, fascinating令人着迷的, improve my interpersonal and communicative skills提高我的人际交往和交流能力, independence独立能力,well-fare福利, future development将来的发展, job security工作保障, 不好: demanding难做的, stressful有压力的, tiring累人的, exhausting令人筋疲力尽的, boring无聊的, routine work常规工作, repetitive重复性的, overwork, work overtime, work extra hours,加班workaholic工作狂, repetitive strain injuries职业病, adverse conditions恶劣的工作条件, 常见职业: dealer, guide, masseuse, mathematician, photographer, cashier, tailor, producer, freelancer自由职业Personnel, human resources 人力资源7.健康maintain a healthy lifestyle保持健康的生活方式, asedentary lifestyle久坐的, an active lifestyle积极锻炼的, protein蛋白质, vitamin维生素, fibre纤维 cholesterol胆固醇, mineral矿物质, diabetes, diarrhea, tuberculosis, respiratory disease, excessive intake of high-fat, high-calorie food, 过多的摄入高脂肪高热量的食品fast food, convenience food, nutrition营养, balanced diet均衡的饮食, incurable disease绝症, cardiovascular disease心血管疾病, AIDS, HIV virus, drug addiction, depression抑郁症, obesity肥胖症, therapy （非药物）治疗, stress压力, stress-related diseases和压力有关的疾病, relieve, ease, alleviate 减轻aerobics健身操, aerobic exercises有氧运动, vigorous有活力的, energetic经历充沛的, refreshing提神的, muscle肌肉, blood circulation血液循环, physical fitness身体健康endanger, jeopardize, damage 危害8. 家庭问题/青少年问题single-parent family单亲家庭, extended family大家庭, minors未成年人, adolescent青春期的, juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪, obesity肥胖症, depression抑郁症, bullying恃强凌弱, absenteeism缺席 (truancy, play truant)sibling兄弟姊妹, foster, raise, bring up, rear a child抚养孩子, over-protective过分保护的, spoil溺爱, indulge放纵, run wild撒野, go astray走上歧途, parental guidance父母的引导, set example for children为孩子树立榜样, discipline约束,well-bred有教养的, learn how to behave themselves学会行为得体Peer pressure 同辈人的压力Different and distinct stages of developmentFormative stage个性形成期9. 犯罪,社会问题criminal(offender)罪犯, crime罪, commit crime犯罪, robbery抢劫, murder谋杀, prostitution卖淫, gambling赌博, drug-dealing贩毒, social security社会治安, stability of society社会稳定,damage v.破坏capital punishment, death penalty死刑, sentence (v.) to death 判死刑deter crimes威慑 (deterrent) , deprive of ones right to life剥夺生存权, abortion堕胎, deprive fetuses of their right to lifesexual discrimination性别歧视sexual harassment性骚扰,racial discrimination种族歧视, gender role性别作用, gender division性别分工breadwinner经济支柱housewife家庭主妇rear a child养孩子male chauvinism大男子主义offense罪, offender罪犯, compulsory retirement 强制退休nursery 托儿所nursing house老人院10. 科技technology-dependent依赖科技的, breakthrough of technology科技突破, technology innovation科技创新, innovative 创新的, renovate v. up-to-date/ up-to-minute/cutting-edge最新的 two-edge sword/weapon 双刃剑accelerate/speed up the pace of life 加速生活节奏reshape our life重新塑造我们的生活improve life quality提高生活质量convenience方便, efficiency效率telecommunication电讯assembly line流水线give people more leisure time给人们更多休闲时间, The development of technology has made it possible for people to do 科技的发展使人们做。成为可能increase life expectancy 增加平均寿命find cures for some previously incurable diseases 为过去的绝症找到治疗方式transplant organ 移植器官mass destruction weapons大规模杀伤性武器, chemical weapons化学武器, 11. 建筑architecture建筑, architectural style建筑风格, traditional传统的modern现代的, postmodern后现代的have aesthetic value有美学价值, energy-efficient 节能的function功能, functional 功能型的，实用的historic site 历史遗迹cultural relics 文化遗迹national identity 民族特征skyscraper 摩天大楼courtyard dwellings 四合院well-structured 结构完好的representation n. 代表crystallization结晶/civilization 文明exterior appearance 外表interior 内部的eye sore 丑的东西demolish, pull down 拆除preserve保留, devastation破坏, 语言：lesser-used languages 使用很少的语言language acquisition 语言习得linguistics 语言学linguist 语言学家on the verge of extinction 处在灭绝的边缘universal language 世界语intellectual development 智力发展grammatical rules语法规则context 上下文technical terms 专业术语read between lines读懂暗含的意思denotation字面意思connotation暗含意思implication暗含的意思动物：vivisection 活体解剖perform/conduct experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验animal rights 动物权益cruel and barbaric 残忍和野蛮的inhumane 不仁道的alternative methods替代方式，其他方式torture 折磨right to live 生命权life-threatening diseases威胁生命的疾病medical technique医疗技术clinical research 临床研究vaccine 疫苗anatomy解剖写作角度:1. 时间原则沉溺于: be addicted to, abandon oneself to, be obsessed with, revel inCommuting time往返两地的时间浪费时间: waste time, pass time, kill time, while away time, take up too much time, occupy too much time, Taking a part-time job occupies a students time too much. Occupies too much of a students timetime-consuming adj. distract ones attention,Playing games for too long distracts ones attention.lack efficiencyskip classes, escape school,ignore academic study, induce children to commit crimebalance study and workbudget ones time properly discipline yourself2. 经济原则: 浪费钱: dissipate/lavish money, burn money, waste tax-payers money经济负担: financial/economic burden, financial strain, 穷: government with a tight budget, impoverished, poverty-stricken, destitute, needy, have no shelter, starve, suffer from hungry 奢侈, 浪费的extravagant, luxurious, luxury, 节俭的economical, thrifty, necessity,赚钱:make a profit, lose a profit, make a loss, profit, profitable资金:fund, capitalinvestment, stock, share, dividend, income, expenditure, tax, revenue经济好处generate revenue/profit/income, promote economic development, money-oriented 政府应该:chief duty is to eliminate poverty, illiteracy, hunger(starvation), spend money on charity hospital, orphanage, 3. 感情原则Be alienated from Isolated, solitary, depressed, Lack face-to-face communicationBe indifferent to ones family membersIgnore/neglect family members emotional needsIndifference, stoniness, Be concerned withDamage family harmonyPleasant and enjoyable lifeCheerfulaffectionate, devotedintroverted, extroverted, sociable, unsociable, do not get involved in social activitiesoptimistic, pessimisticabuse, maltreat4. 权利原则Censorship, compulsory military service, abortion, capital punishment, euthanasia, Abolish, ban, forbid, prohibitDeprive of ones privacyDeprive of ones right to subsistenceDeprive fetuses right to lifeHuman rights, civil rightsCopyright, pirated books/CDsInvade ones privacyJust, justice, justifiedLiberty, freedom,5. 智力原则Intelligence智力, wisdom智慧, Creativity创造力, imagination想象力, Talent天才，天分, interest兴趣, Improve, enhance提高Develop, cultivate 培养facilitate the development of 有助于。的发展Impede, hinder 阻碍Talented, gifted有天分的, Intelligent聪明的, learned, knowledgeable博学的, genius天才,Intelligence quotient智商Widen ones horizon 开阔视野Enrich ones knowledge丰富知识,develop potential开发潜能improve independence提高独立能力, survival ability 生存技能stimulate interest激发兴趣, cultivate extensive interest培养广泛的兴趣Master skills掌握技能, interpersonal/communicative skills, Literacy识字能力, computer literacy电脑使用知识Build/shape/mould ones character(personalities)塑造性格6.健康原则 （见健康话题）Damage, endanger破坏Physically-damaging 破坏健康的Cause various cardiovascular diseases引发各种各样心血管疾病Impair hearing/eyesight 伤害听觉、视力Hyperactive多动症7. 文化原则cultural diversity文化多元化cultural treasures文化宝藏cross-cultural communication跨文化交流cultural reconstruction文化重建spiritual civilization精神文明heritage遗产achievements of art艺术成就human civilization人类文明cradle of culture文化摇篮mainstream culture主流文化cultural traditions文化传统national pride民族自豪local customs and practices风土人情national identity and value民族特性和价值观venue场所inspiration灵感scope of knowledge知识面spread knowledge传播知识nurture imagination培养想象力、essence 精华be closely interrelated with与有密切关系cause irreversible damage造成不可逆转的损失remove prejudice and misunderstanding消除偏见和误解8. 环保原则9. 科技原则 写作常用表达方式写作常用表达 1. 认为：I think, believe, hold, reckon, some argue, in my opinion, in my view, from my perspective, 2. 就我而言: as far as I am concerned, as for me, to me, 3. 反对：I do not agree with the writer on, I disagree to the idea that, I object to the idea that, I disagree to do, I do not support the idea that, I am against the opinion that, 4. 赞成：I propose that, I agree that, I am for the idea that, I am in favor of the opinion that 5. 随着。的发展: with the development of, as A develops, 发展：v. grow, develop, advance, n. development, progress, advance 6. 快速地 at a staggering rate, at an amazing rate, dramatically 7. 越。越。There are more and more people who are interested in music. There are an increasing/a growing number of people who are interested in music. People are increasingly interested in music. 8. 没有。比。更: Nothing is more important than education. Nothing is clearer than that. No one is prettier than you. No problem needs more immediate attention than that. 9. 此外(很多同学经常用的also, as well as其实应该用这些词，用来提出新的信息)moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, whats more 10. 因为: 加句子：because, for, for the reason that 加名词结构： owing to, due to, because of, thanks to, as a result of 11. 所以: thus, therefore, consequently, as a result, so, 12. 第一，第二，第三， Firstly, secondly, thirdly, In the first place, in the second place, in the third place, First of all, second of all, third of all13. 一方面，令一方面 In one aspect, in another aspect On the one hand, on the other hand 14. 优点: advantage, merit, 15. 缺点: disadvantage, demerit, 16. 大于: Its disadvantages are greater than its advantages. Its disadvantages outweigh its advantages. A has an advantage over B. 17. 对。有利: benefit n. v. This will benefit that. This will bring great benefits to that. Have favorable effects on This will have favorable effects on that. Have positive effects on This will have positive effects on that. Favorably/positively affect/influence This will favorably or positively affect/ influence that. 18. 对。有害: harm v. n. This will harm that. This will bring harm to that /result in harm. Affect v. effect n. Influence n. v. Have negative effects/influence This will have negative effects/influence on that. This is harmful to that. This is detrimental to that. 19. 某人能做某事 One can do that. One is able to do that. One is capable of doing that. One is adept at doing that. (熟练地做) One is up to that. (有能力胜任那个) 20. 增长: v. increase, grow, rise, soar, 21. 下降:drop, decrease, decline, 22. 观点: opinion, view, viewpoint 23. 很多人: many people, a majority of people 24. 。的人 Those who Those who break this rule will be punished. 25. 比较而言: relatively, comparatively In comparison, by contrast, Compared with. Compared with trains, airplanes are more convenient and faster. 26. 条件: if, as long as, suppose, on condition that, 27. 总而言之: in a word, to conclude, to sum up, in summary, to summarize, in the final analysis, 28. 综上所述 from what has been discussed above, based on what has been discussed, 29. 考虑到：in view of, in the respect of, considering, in light of(鉴于) 30. 说到：when it comes to 31. 原因如下: the reasons go as follows, this is . for the following reasons, 32. 原因：reason, cause, factor 33. 然而: however, whereas, nevertheless, but, 34. 有人在做某事 there are some people doing sth. 35. 让做某事 Ask sb to do （要求） Have sb to do （支使人干活） Make sb do （迫使） Force sb to do （强迫，可以只武力强迫） Enable sb to do （让某人能够做某事） Listening to music enables me to relax. Lead sb to do (d导致某人做了某事，常指不好的后果) His failure in the final examinations led him to quit school. 这个词还可以直接加名词。 Many people believe gambling leads to crimes. Let sb do (允许或导致) Allow sb to do （允许） 36. 让某人做不了某事(不是let sb can not do) Prevent sb from doing sth. 37. 某地发生了很大变化 Great changes have taken place in Beijing. 38. 某人变化很大 He has changed a lot or a great deal. He is no longer what he was. 39. 人类，人 (相对于动物，非人类的东西) Humans Human beings, Humanity Human race 泛指人们用People 40. 信息时代 information age/informa