对外经济贸易大学2011年MTI翻译硕士英语考研真题(完整版).doc

对外经济贸易大学2011年翻译硕士英语考研真题试卷科目：211翻译硕士英语MTI考研迅速提分材料 认真学习可以得到400分 搞定一切学校文章来源：/luckymti 整理：博文MTI(专业学位) 科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 专业领域：翻译硕士 考生须知：答题必须使用黑(蓝)色墨水(圆珠)笔；不得在试题(草稿)纸上作答；凡未按规定作答均不予评阅、判分。 Part I Vocabulary and Grammar(40)Section I Multiple Choice(22 points)Choose from A，B，C or D the ONE that best completes the sentence and mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET1The Space Age _ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched bythe Soviet UnionAinitiated Boriginated Cembarked Dcommenced2John said that he didnt quite _ and asked me to repeat what I had saidAsnatch up Bsummon up Ccatch on Dwatch out3When he tried to make a _，he found that the hotel that he wanted was completelyfilled because of a conventionAcomplaint Bclaim Creservation Ddecision4A budget of five dollars a day is totally _ for a trip round Europe.Ainadequate Bincapable Cincompatible Dinvalid5In our highly technological societythe number of jobs for unskilled workers is _.Ashrinking Bobscuring Caltering Dconstraining6The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be _ by this device.Aignited B1ighted Cfired Dinspired71 worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time _ the last bus.Ato have caught Bto catch Ccatching Dhaving caught8Frankly speakingyour article is very good except for some _ mistakes in grammar.Aobscure Bglaring Ctrivial Drare9As it turned out to be a small house party，we _ so formally.Aneednt dress up Bdid not need have dressed upCdid not need dress up Dneednt have dressed up10Certain species disappeared or became _ as new forms arose that were better adaptedto the Earths changing environmentAfeeble Bextinct Cmassive Dextinguished11I apologize if I _ you，but I assure you it was unintentional.A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended1 2Franklin DRoosevelt argued that the depression stemmed from the American economys _ flawsAunderlining Bvulnerable Cvulgar Dunderlying13Although a teenager，Fred could resist _ what to do and what not to do.Ato be told Bhaving been told Cbeing told Dto have been told14I am afraid that you have to alter your _ views in light of the tragic news that has just arrivedAindifferent B. distressing Coptimistic Dpessimistic15Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _voidedAis to be Bcan be Cwill be Dhas been16Stop shouting! I cant hear the football _Ajudgment Binterpretation Ccommentary Dexplanation17Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores，and this is especially true _，it comes to classroom testsAbefore Sas C since Dwhen18Every member of society has to make a _to struggle for the freedom of the countryApledge Bwarranty Cresolve Dguarantee19David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives SO much to those who compete wellAprestige Bregime Csuperiority D1egislation20The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens，set to _when it arrived in New YorkAgo off Bget off Ccome off Dcarry off21The younger persons attraction to stereos cannot be explained only _familiarity with technologyAin quest of Bby means of Cin terms of Dby virtue of22. By signing the lease we made a _to pay a rent of $150 a weekAconception Bcommission Ccommitment DconfinementSection II Identify Stylistic Problems(18 points )Identify the stylistic problem with each of the following sentences by choosing A，B，C or DWrite your correct sentence on the ANSWER SHEET23By the time Julia Roberts was 23，she had won two academy award nominationsshe had also become the worlds most popular female actressA. run on Bcomma splice Ccorrect Dfragment24Since then，Roberts has appeared in fourteen filmsMost recently“My Best Friends Wedding”and“The Conspiracy Theory”A fragment Bchoppy Ccorrect Dcomma splice25 She didnt plan to become an actress She wanted to be six feet tall. She wanted to be a veterinarianShe wanted to be happy and make others happyAfragment Bcomma splice Cchoppy Dcorrect26Although Julia Roberts has had much professional successIn spite of her trouble with several failed relationshipsAfragment Bchoppy Ccomma splice Dcorrect27Julia Roberts lives in Manhattan，not far from the apartment she once shared with her sister in Greenwich VillageAfragment Bcomma splice Ccorrect D run on28 She came to New York when she was seventeen Because her older sister lived there and she was influenced by her sisterAfragment Brun on Cchoppy D comma splice29Roberts was raised in GeorgiaHer parents ran a theater school thereHer sister and brother are also actorsThe family was always short of moneyAfragment Bchoppy Ccorrect Drun on30When Julia was four years old，her parents divorcedAfter eighteen years 4 of marriageAfragment Brun on Cchoppy DcorrectPartReading Comprehension(30)Read the following passages and answer the questions by choosing A，B，C or DMark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Many United States companies have，unfortunately，made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of workSince 1980 the United States international Trade Commission(ITC)has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies by foreign governmentsAnother 340 charge that foreign companies“dumped”their products in the United States at“less than fair value”Even when no unfair practices are alleged，the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek reliefContrary to the general impression，this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helpedAs corporations begin to function globally，they develop an intricate web of marketing，production，and research relationshipsThe complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent companySuppose a United Statesowned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United StatesIf the competitor can prove injury from the imports-and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad-the United States companys products will be uncompetitive in the United States，since they would be subject to dutiesPerhaps the most brazen ease occurred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt，used to de-ice roadsThe bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operationsThe“United States”company claiming injury was a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomeratewhile the“Canadian”companies included a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt1The passage is chiefly concerned with _Aarguing against the increased internationalization of United States corporationsB. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC. demonstrating that foreignbased firms receive more subsidies from their governments than U- nited States firms receive from the United States government.Dadvocating the use of trade restrictions for“dumpedproducts but not for other imports2It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the international Trade Commission is which of the following?AA foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign governmentBA foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United StatesCA foreign competitor selling products in the United States at less than fair market valueDThe company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the United States3The last paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?AIt summarizes the discussion thus far and suggests additional areas of researchBIt presents a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlierCIt cites a specific case that illustrates a problem presented more generally in the previous paragraphDIt introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier4The passage warns of which of the following dangers?ACompanies in the United States may receive no protection from imports unless they actively seek protection from import competitionBCompanies that seek legal protection from import competition may incur legal costs that far exceed any possible gainCCompanies that are United States owned but operate internationally may not be eligible for protection from import competition under the laws of the countries in which their plants operateDCompanies that are not United States owned may seek legal protection from import competition under United States import relief laws5According to the passage，the International Trade Commission is involved in which of the following?AInvestigating allegations of unfair import competitionBGranting subsidies to companies in the UnitedStates that have been injured by import competitionCRecommending legislation to ensure fair badeDIdentifying international corporations that wish to build plants in the United StatesPassage 2Since the late 1970s in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivityand therefore enhance their international competitivenessthrough cost-cutting programs(Cost-cutting here is defined as raising labor output while holding the amount of labor constant)However，from 1978 through 1982，productivitythe value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input-did not improve；and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following，they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier，post-1945 upturnsAt the same time l it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement cost-cutting，the more they lost their competitive edgeWith this paradox in mind，I recently visited 25 companies；it became clear to me that the cost-cutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawedManufacturing regularly observes a“40，40，20”ruleRoughly 40 percent of any manufacturingbased competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure(decisions about the number，size，location，and capacity of facilities)and in approaches to materialsAnother 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technologyThe final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional cost-cuttingThis rule does not imply that cost-cutting should not be triedThe well-known tools of this approach-including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter，not harder-do produce resultsBut the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contributeAnother problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative peopleAs AbemathyS study of automobile manufacturers has shown，an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investments in cost-cutting techniques，reducing its ability to develop new productsAnd managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measuredProduction managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing outputThis dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation，but it has created a penny-pinching，mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managersEvery company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so，in part，by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategySuch a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technologyIn one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach；within three years the company regained its competitive advantageTogether with such strategies，successful companies ale also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costsThere is hope for manufacturing，but it dearly rests oil a different way of managing6The author of the passage is primarily concerned with _Asummarizing a thesisBrecommending a different approachCcomparing points of viewDmaking a series of predictions7It can be inferred from the passage that the manufacturers mentioned in paragraph 1 expected that the measures they implemented would _Aencourage innovationBkeep labor output constantCincrease their competitive advantageDpermit business upturns to be more easily predicted8The primary function of the first paragraph of the passage is to _Apresent a historical context for the authors observationsBanticipate challenges to the prescriptions that followCclarify some disputed definitions of economic termsDsummarize a number of long-accepted explanations9The author refers to Abernathys study most probably in order to_Aqualify all observation about one rule governing manufacturingBaddress possible objections to a recommendation about improving manufacturing competitivenessCsupport an earlier assertion about method of increasing productivityDsuggest the centrality in the Unit States economy of a particular manufacturing industry10The authors attitude toward the culture in most factories is best described as_Acautious Bcritical Cdisinterested DrespectfulPassage 3It can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategies arises from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given productThere are three groups of consumers who are affected by the marketing processFirst，there is the market segmentpeople who need the commodity in questionSecond，there is the program targetpeople in the market segment with the“best fit”characteristics for a specific productLots of people may need trousers，but only a few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousersFinally，there is the program audienceall people who are actually exposed to the marketing program without regard to whether they need or want the productThese three groups are rarely identicalAn exception Occurs in cases where customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiableSuch customers，all sharing a particular need，are likely to form a meaningful target，for example，all companies with a particular application of the product in question，such as high-speed fillers of bottles at breweriesIn such circumstances，direct selling(marketing that reaches only the program target)is likely to be economically justified，and highly specialized trade media exist to expose members of the program targetand only members of the program targetto the marketing programMost consumer-goods markets are significantly differentTypically，there are many rather than few potential customersEach represents a relatively small percentage of potential salesRarely do members of a particular market segment group themselves neatly into a meaningful program targetThere are substantial differences among consumers with similar demographic characteristicsEven with all the past decades advances in information technology，direct selling of consumer goods is rare，and mass marketing-a marketing approach that aims at a wide audienceremains the only economically feasible modeUnfortunately，there are few media that allow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the program targetInevitably，people get exposed to a great deal of marketing for products in which they have no interest and SO they become annoyed11The passage suggests which of the following about highly specialized trade media?AThey should be used only when direct selling is not economically feasibleBThey can be used to exclude from the program audience people who are not part of the program targetCThey are used only for very expensive productsDThey are rarely used in the implementation of marketing programs for industrial products.12The passage suggests which of the following about direct selling?AIt is used in the marketing of most industrial productsBIt is often used in cases where there is a large program targetCIt is not economically feasible for most marketing programs.DIt is used only for products for which there are many potential customers.13The author mentions“trousers”in paragraph 1 most likely in order to _.Amake a comparison between the program target and the program audienceBemphasize the similarities between the market segment and the program targetCprovide an example of the way three groups of consumers are affected by a marketing programDclarify the distinction between the market segment and the program target14“the product in question”in Line 4 Paragraph 2 means _.A“the product in the previous question”B“the product under discussion”C“the product on sale”D“the product in doubt”15It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true for most consumer-goods markets?AThe program target and the program audience are not usually id