英语翻译汉语.doc

英语树果实：英译汉如果英语翻汉语看似简单实际难特别一些惯用法掌握不好难翻译常见管用有一些一个一个来解决英语译汉语（一）It 句型惯用句这个用法常遇到形式主语和宾语如果英语翻汉语找到真宾和真主翻译分析It is wrong to tell a lie.撒谎是不对的。首先确定真正的主语是to tell a lie.It 是先行主语不翻译He does not think it wrong to tell a lie.他不认为撒谎是不对的。首先确定这是个S+V+O+CIt 是先行宾语例句翻译It is easy to learn English, but it is difficult to attain perfection in it.英语易学难精。It is difficult for him to do so .要他做这事情是困难的。I think it difficult for him to do so .我认为要他做这事是困难的。It is no use talking about it.空谈无益。I think it rather dangerous your venturing out to sea.我想你冒险出海是危险的；It is true that he went there.他去了那是真的。I think it true that he went there.我想他去了那里是真的； it 强调句看到it.先别慌并非先宾与先主也有可能是强调强调成分要知道。普通句与强调句对照普通句强调句You are guiltyIt is you that are guiltyEdison invented the gramophone.It is Edison who invented the gramophoneStupid pupils do not ask questionIt is not stupid pupils who ask questionsWe should be grateful to men like Edison.It is to men like Edison that we should be grateful .（二） 名词惯用方式翻译All +抽象名词 或者 抽象名词+itself = very +形容词 的翻译例句翻译：He was all gentleness to her.= he was very gentle to her他对她非常的温存。To his superiors, he is humility itself.=to his superiors, he is very humiliated.对待长辈，他非常谦逊。I am all attention.= I am very attentive.我非常全神贯注。Of +抽象名词= 形容词 惯用方法翻译翻译例句：Of use = useful of no use = useless a man of courage= a courageous manA lady of virtue = a virtuous lady a child of fortune = a fortunate child It was of great importance.= It was important,这是非常重要的Bernard Shaw was an Englishman of letters.潇伯纳是英国的文人。Su dong po was a man of parts .苏东坡是个多才多艺的人。Zhu Geliang was a man of resources.诸葛亮是个足智多谋的人。（三）as的惯用法 翻译As 一词多常见翻译好了也很难As 有许多惯用法翻译当中把握好（1）As as 的三种翻译方法例句：He is as kind as his sister (is)他像他妹妹一样和蔼He is as kind as (he is ) honest他又诚实有和蔼He is as kind as his sister is honest.他妹妹诚实而他和蔼（2）As as any 和As as ever 翻译 （不让） （不弱） （ 不亚于）例句：He is as great a statesman as any他是一位不亚于任何人的大政治家He is as great a statesman as ever lived .He works as hard as ever他工作努力不减以前。She is as pretty as ever她还是一样的漂亮。（3）As .as can be（may be ） 翻译（表示到一种不能在- 的程度）(- 极了)例句：You are as wrong as wrong can be .你是大错特错I am as thirsty as thirsty can be (may be ) 我口渴的不得了。She is as happy as happy can be .她快乐极了。This place is as still as still can be 这个地方安静极了。（4）As. So 的翻译So的含义是in the same way/ 或者是（正象）例句：As you treat me, so I will treat you .你怎么待我，我就怎么待你。As the lion is king of beasts, so is the eagle king of the birds.鹰是鸟中之王 正象狮子是兽中之王一样。（5）It is in (or with) .as in (or with) 的翻译（ 正好象） （正如）例句：It is in studying as in eating .读书就象吃饭一样。It is with women as with flowers .妇美如花。It is in mind as in body which must be nourished by good food.精神和身体一样都必须有好的食物来营养。（6）As much as many like so many 的翻译As much 表示同样的程度as many表示同样的数like so many 好象同样的数目例句：I was not in the least surprised, for I had expected as much.我一点都没有吃惊，因为我早就料到会有那样的情况。I found ten misprints in as many pages.我在十页中就发现了十个错误。It was truly awful sight, watching the numberless little wooden houses catching fire one after another, and flaming up like so many match-boxes.那真是一幕可怕的景象， 望着无数的小木屋，一个又一个着着火， 就好象烧着了那么多的火柴盒一样。（7）As good as as well as 的翻译As good as 第一个意思 是 （同样） （等于） 第二个意思是（ 实际上） （其实）as well as 第一个意思 （等于） （不下于） 第二个意思（ 与） （ 及） 第三个意思 （ 有not only .but also 的含义） 第四个意思（ 代替better than ）例句：The sailors did noble duty that day, in the dogged faith that they would give as good as they got, anyhow.那些水手们当天尽了高尚的职责， 在那顽强的信仰中， 他们是要以其所受施者其人的。I will let you have a geography that is not new, it is as good as a new one.我要给你一本旧的地理书， 因为那和新的一样。 She said that he was as good as engaged to a girl out there, and hat he had never dreamt of her.他说那个男人在外有一个女孩子就等于订婚一样， 而他却从来没有梦想过她。The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.哪个商人等于是答应了哪个孤儿要收他为养子。This is the case with manufacturing as well as with agricultural interests.这是对工业有利，对农业也有利的一个好的事例。In polity, as well ecclesiastical as civil, there are always evils which no art of man can cure.在政治形态上， 也和在教会组织及国家行政上一样，总有许多的坏处是人力无法治好的。（8）句首 as it is 的意思有（实际上）或者有 as matters sand 的含义句尾 as it is 的意思 （ 照现状） 的含义例句：If I were rich, I should do so. As it is, I do nothing .如果我有钱的话， 我就那样做， 但实际上，我什么都不能做。The painter dose not copy nature as it is.画家描绘大自然，并不是完全的写实。If he were not ill, he would go to see the play,. As it is , he has to stay at home.如果他不生病的话， 他是要去看戏的， 实际上，他只好呆在家里了。Please leave the apple-box as it is.请把苹果箱照原样放着。（9）过去分词+ as it is 现在分词+ as it is 的翻译两个表达都有（ 因为是那样） （ 实际-故）例句：Hidden as it was by the tree, the tomb was difficult to find.深藏在树木中， 那坟墓很难找到。Standing as it does on a high hill, the church commands a fine view.象这样建立在高山上， 教堂的眺望很好。Written as it is in good English , this book is recommendable to all.实际是用很好的英文写的， 所以这本书可以向大家推荐。Burden as he was , he could not walk fast.由于负荷太重了， 所以他走不快。（10）名词等+ as+ 主语+动词等 结构翻译在这个结构中as相当于 thought or although , 引导出一个让步状语。例句：Child as she was , she was more than a match for him,她虽然是个小孩子，却胜过做他的对手。Strange as it may sound, it is true.虽然听起来奇怪， 但却千真万确。Young as he is , he is able.他虽然年轻，但却能干/Poor as I am, I wont do anything below contempt.我虽然穷，但不做坏事。（四）一些动词的惯用法 的翻译动词有些惯用语看似容易翻起难好象认识有不懂摸棱两可说不清要想翻译很通常动词惯用记心上（1）May well + 动词 与 and well + 主语的+ may May well + 动词 的含义是（那样也是有道理的）and well + 主语的+ may 含义是（那也是应该的）例句：He may well be proud of his success.他获得那样的成功是可以骄傲的。He is proud of his success, and well he may.他对自己的成功感到骄傲， 也是应该的。She may well be proud of her son.她为儿子感到骄傲是有道理的。You may well say so.你这样说是有道理的。He was proud of his feat, and well he might.他对功绩感到骄傲， 也是应该的。（2）May as well . as ( 理所当然的)Might as well . as ( 与其- 不如-) 例句： You may as well call a cat a little tiger, as call a tiger a big cat ,你如果把猫叫做小虎， 同样可以把虎叫作大猫。You might as well throw your money away as spend it in gambling.与其把钱花在赌博上，不如把钱仍掉You may as well begin at once .你理所当然应该早点着手。You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him.你把钱借给他， 还不如把钱仍大海里呢。（3）Cannot help +动名词Cannot but +动词原形这两个惯用法 的含义都是 （ 不得不）例句：I cannot help admiring his courage.I cannot but admire his courage我不得不佩服他的勇气I cannot help thinking he is wrong.我不得不认为他错了。I cannot but feel thankful that it form such a material part of my education.我不禁深为感谢， 那竟形成了我教育上的一个重要部分。（4）Had better +动词原形 意思是 （最好）Would rather +动词原形 意思是（宁愿）例句：You had better go at once.你最好马上走。I would rather go at once/我宁愿马上走。We had better not remain here any longer.我们最好不要在此久留。I would rather die than live in dishonour.我宁愿死也不屈辱生。（5）See if 中的if 翻译成（ 是不是）See that 翻译成（注意） （留神） （ 当心）例句：He came out to see if it had begun to rain,他出来看是不是下雨了。He came out to see that the boy did not get hurt.他出来注意防止他的孩子受伤。（6）Take ., for granted 翻译成（ 认为当然） （ 假定是实）例句：I take it for granted that you will be interested in it too,我认为你当然对此也感兴趣了。I took it for granted that he would come,我以为他一定会来的。（7）否定词+ fail + 不定式 翻译成 （ 一定） （不得不）例句：He cannot fail to rise early.他一定要起的很早。We should not fail to do so .我们必须照办。Dont fail to let me know.务请相告。（8）动词+动词原形 是省略了toGo bring me my hat = go to bring me hat 例句：Lets go talk to the other fellows .我们到别的人的地方去谈谈。Id better go telephone Wang first.我最好先给王打个 电话。（9）Have much to be desired 意思是（ 极不完善） （缺点很多）Have nothing to be desired 意思是（完善） （毫无遗憾） （没有缺点）例句：Your behaviors leave much to be desired .你的行为尚需改进。It leaves nothing to be desired 那毫无遗憾（10）Prevent +宾语+ from +动名词 （ 阻止去做某事情）例句：Illness prevented him from going there.他因生病未能去那里。（11）Persuade +宾语+into +动名词 （权说某人达到做某事的结果）Dissuade +宾语+ from +动名词 （ 劝某人不要做某事）例句： I persuade him into doing sol我劝他才这样做的。I dissuade him from doing so .我劝他不要这样做。（五）一些不定式的惯用法 翻译不定式，有惯用有时很难分的清表面看似都一样意思往往却相反 花点时间用心记 掌握不定惯用语（1）As to +不定式 （ 目的） （为了）As .to +不定式（ 如此- 以至）例句：We started early so as to get there before noon.我们动身很早是为了在中午前赶到那里。We started so early as to get there before noon.我们起的很早，所以能在中午前赶到那里；（2）To.+ to do (太-而不能)Not too .+ to do （ 不太- 而能）Too . + not to do （不是不能） （不免）例句：She is too angry to speak.她气的说不出话来。He is not too old to do it ,他不是太老还能做这事情。He is too angry not to say it.他太生气了一定要说。（4）Only too.不定式 （ 非常）Too ready +.不定式 ( 太爱做-)例句： I am only too glad to do so .我非常高兴去做。She is too ready to speak.她太爱说话了。（5）Not to speak of (更不用说)Not to say （ 姑且不说）例句：He knows Latin , not to speak of English 他懂拉丁文， 更不用说英语了，（ 他还会说英语）He know Latin , not to say English .他懂拉丁文， 不懂英语（六）动名词惯用语翻译动名词也有惯用语要想翻好不容易好象似懂又非懂到底怎翻拿不准（1）There is no +动名词 可以翻译成（ 我们不能） （不可能）例句：There is no doing.我们不能做。There is no denying this.不可能否认There is no knowing what may happen.不可能预料未来。（2） There is no use + 动名词 翻译成（ 用不着做-）例句：There is no use staying on 用不着呆下去。There is no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收There is no use in talking.用不着说。（3） There is no point in +动名词 翻译成（ 没有意义）例句：There is no point in doing that .做那件事情没有意义（3）for the +动名词 翻译成（只要）例句：You can have it for the asking 只要你要求就可以得到。It is yours for the asking.要就送给你。The best gold is to be had for the digging.只要挖掘就有最好的黄金。（4） above +动名词 翻译成（ 决不肯做） （ 超过-范围）例句：He is above telling a lie.他决不可能撒谎。Poor as he was , he was above selling his country at any price.他虽然穷，但不论给多少钱，他都决不会出卖自己的祖国。（5） far from +动名词 翻译成（ 远非）（ 绝非）（那里谈的上）例句：The noise, far from abating, continued to increase.声音绝非停止， 而是更大了Far from reading the letter, he did not open it .那里谈的上看信， 他连拆都没有拆开。It is far from being good.一点都不好He was a good worker at school and far from stupid.他在学校很用功，绝非笨蛋。（6） On +动名词 翻译成 （ 一-就-） In +动名词 翻译成） 当-时 ）例句：On seeing me, he escaped.他一看到我就逃。On entering in Singapore , he received a visit from a college professor.一到新加坡就接受了一位大学教授的拜访。In talking about imagination we invariably talk of the poet.当谈到幻想的时候就一定谈到诗。In crossing the river I had come among the new natural features.度过那条河，我们就来到了新的美景之中（七）否定惯用语的翻译否定决非都是不惯用方法也很多表面看上并不难要想翻好不简单（1） No more -than 翻译成（和-同样-） No more than 翻译成（不过） （仅） （只）例句：You can no more swim than I can fly .你不能游泳同我不能飞行一样。He has no more than ten dollars. 他只有十美圆。He has no more money than you have.他有钱和你一样多。He is no more than a puppet.他只是个傀儡。（2） no less -than 翻译成（ 不逊色于） （不亚于） No less than 翻译成（ 多达） （ 至少）例句： A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is .鲸鱼是哺乳动物，不亚于马。（ 和马一样）He owns no less than ten houses.他拥有房屋多达十套。She is no beautiful than her sister.她的美丽不逊色于她的妹妹。There were no less than fifty killed and wounded.死伤多大五十人。（3） Not so much - as 翻译成（ 与其说 -毋宁说-） No so much as （甚至-都没有）例句：His success is not so much by talent as by energy .他的成功与其说是天赋不如说是精力。He did not much as turn his face.他甚至连头都没有会一下。The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.与其说海洋把世界分开不如说海洋把世界联系起来。She is a society woman, but strange to say, she cannot so much as write her own name.她是一个社交妇女， 但也很奇怪， 她甚至连自己的名字都不会写。（4）cannot -too 翻译成 （ 怎么-都不过分）例句：We cannot thank him too much.我们怎么感谢他都不过分。You can not be too careful in crossing the street.过街怎么小心都不过分（ 过街越小心越好）（5） 否定+without 翻译成 （ 每- 必） （无-不）例句：You cannot speak without moving your lips.每当你说话时 必须动嘴唇。（ 不动嘴唇便不能说话）One cannot succeed without perseverance.人无毅力不能成功。（6） 否定+ but 翻译成（ 没有-不是） 例句：There is no rule but has exceptions.没有规则不是例外的。（ 条条规则都有例外）There is no one but hope to be rich.没有人不想发财的。（7） not so - but 翻译成（ 没有达到- 而不能-） Not such a -but ( 不是一个如此不能-的（人）例句：He is not so sick but he can come to school.他没有病到不能上学的程度；He is not such a fool but he knows it.他不是一个不知道这个的傻瓜。（8）否定+ because 翻译成（ 不要因为- 就） 例句：Dont give up because it is difficult;不要因为困难就放弃；I did not marry her because I loved her.我不是因为爱她才和她结婚的。（9） 否定+every ( all , both , always, act.) 表示半否定例句： I do not know every one of them.我不全认识他们。All that glitters is not gold.所有发光的并非都是金子。The rich are not always happy.富人未必常幸福。（八）代词 what , who 的惯用语翻译两个代词看简单惯用语中比较难但从字面去理解那样可能不好翻(1) what he is 翻译成（ 他的人品， 他的人格 目前状态的人）what he has 翻译成（ 他的拥有， 他的财富）例句：We honor him for what he is , not what he has.我们尊敬他是因为他的人品 ，而不是他的财富。He has made what I am . 他使我成为现在这个样子。A mans dignity depends not on what he has but on what he is.一个高贵的人在于他的人品而不在于他的财富；（2） what+名词 翻译成（ 全部，所有的） What little +名词 翻译成（ 仅有的） 例句：He gave me what money he had about him.他把他所有的钱都给了我。I gave him what little money I had.我把我仅有的钱给了他。（3） what with - and what with 翻译成（ 半因 - 半因-） What by -and what by 翻译成（ 或因（什么手段） - 或因）例句：What with illness and what with losses, he is almost ruined.半因病魔半因亏损， 他几乎就要毁了。What by bribes and what by extortion, he made money.或因受贿，或因勒索， 他发财了。（4） what is + 比较级 翻译成（ 而且） （ 更有进者） 例句： It is a good book, and that is more, it is quite a cheap one.这是一本好书， 而且价格很便宜。We were overtaken by the night on the way, and what was worse , it began to rain.我们在路上天就黑了， 而且还下雨了；（5） A is to B what X is to Y 翻译成（ - 正如- ） 例句： The man who cannot be trusted is to society what a bit of rotten timber is to a house .不能信赖的人对与社会，正如朽木对与家屋。Air is to us what water is to fish.空气对于我们正如水对于鱼。（6） who knows but ( that ) 翻译成（ 多半）例句：Who knows but he may go.多半他去了。Who know but it may be so .多半如此。（九） 一些条件惯用语的翻译条件也有惯用语决非if 条件句条件惯用能判断翻译起来就不难（1） if it were not for+名词if it had not been for+ 名词but for+名词but that+名词从句以上四种表达形式可以翻译成（ 若不是）（ 要是没有） （要不是因为）例句：If it were not for his help , I should fail. If it had not been for his help, I should have failed. But for his help , I should fail But that he help I should fail ,如果不是他的帮忙， 我就失败了；（2） 命令句+and 这里的and翻译成（那么） 命令句+or 这里的or 翻译成 (否则)例句： Work hard and you will succeed.努力工作，那么你就会成功。Work hard, or you will fail努力工作，否则你就失败。Give him an inch, and hell take an ell.得寸进尺。Keep away from those high tension wires, or youll be electrocuted .远离高压线，否则你就要触电。（3） no matter +间接疑问词疑问词+ever + may 这两种表达形式都可以翻译成（ 不管， 无论等）例句：No matter how hard it may be, do your best.However hard it may be, do you best.不管它是怎样的难， 你还是尽力吧。Whoever may come, he will be welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。Whichever you may choose, you will be pleased.不论你挑选哪个， 你都会满意的。（4） 动词+as+ 主语+ 助动词 翻译成 （ 无论） （尽管） 例句：Try as you may, you will not succeed.无论你怎么尝试， 你也不会成功。I could not read it, try as I would.无论我怎么读， 我都读不懂。（5）if any 翻译成 （ 果真有或者即令有的话）if ever 翻译成 （ 果真有或者即令有的话）if anything 翻译成（ 如果有区别的话）例句：He despises honor if any one does.如果世界上有轻视名义的话，他便是一个。He has little , if any , money,即使他有钱， 也是很少。If anything , he is a little better today.如果说有什么不同的话， 他今天好点。（6）be it ever (never)so 翻译成（ 无论-） Let it be ever (never) so 翻译成（ 无论-）例句：Be it ever so humble, theres no place like home.无论怎样简陋， 还是家好。Let it be ever so humble, home is home.不论怎样简陋， 家总是家。Let it ever be so weak, there is nobody but loves his country.无论国家怎样弱小， 没有人不爱自己的国家的。（十） 一些形容词与比较惯用语的翻译形容词的惯用语一定掌握要牢记特别遇到来比较要能辨别或分晓 （1）so that 在旧体文中翻译成（只要） 现代文中 表示结果和目的例句：So that it is done, I dont care who does it.只要做就好， 我不管是谁做的。He can stay long so that he catches the train.只要他能赶上火车，尽可多呆会儿。He spoke clearly , so that everyone could hear.(结果)他讲的很清楚，所以大家都能听见。He spoke clearly so that everyone might hear.他讲话很清楚， 为的是让大家能听到。（2） so much so that 翻译成（甚至）例句：He is very ignorant so much so that he cannot read his own name,他非常无知，甚至连自己的名字都不认识。The invalid was very tired when he returned form the ride, so much so that he could not sit up.病人坐车回家非常疲倦， 甚至不能坐起来。（3）more than +动词 翻译成（ 深为） （ 十二分的）例句：This more than satisfied me.这使我十二分的满意。More is meant than meets the ear. 有言外之意。She was more than pleased with her daughters performance.她对女儿的演奏十二分的高兴。（4） much more 翻译成（ 更加 ）表示更多much less 翻译成（更加） 表示更少例句：He likes a child, much more a baby.他喜欢孩子， 更加喜婴儿。He does not like a child, much less a baby.他不喜欢孩子， 更加不喜欢婴儿。（5） would sooner . thanwould rather.than would as soon as这三种表达方法都可以翻译成 （ 宁愿 - 而不）例句：I would sooner die than disgrace myself.I would rather die than disgrace myself.I would as soon die as disgrace myself.我宁死不受辱。He would sooner die than consent to such a plan.他宁肯死也不同意这个计划。I would rather you came tomorrow than today.我宁愿你明天来。（6） anything but 翻译成（ 决非 ）nothing but 翻译成 （仅仅）all but 翻译成 （ 几乎）例句：He is anything but a scholar.他