英语人教版八年级下册Grammar focus学习指导.docx

Have been （to）和have gone（to）,have been in的区别： have gone to意为“到某地去”，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一人称、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如：Where is Jim？吉姆在哪里？He has gone to England他去英国了。（尚未回来）Mr Wang isnt hereHe has gone to Qingdao王先生不在这里,他去青岛了。have been to意为“曾经去过某地”，说话时此人已不在那里，侧重指经历，其后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。如：My father has been to Beijing twice我父亲去过北京两次。I have never been to the GREat Wall我从未去过长城。have been in表示“在某地呆了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用。如：I have been in Shanghai for three years我到上海已有三年了。He has been in London for half a month他来伦敦已有半个月了。练习：1.I have been to an amusement park.（一般疑问句）_ you _ to an amusement park? Yes , I _.No, I _.I _ _ to an amusement park.( 否定句)2. I have been to the zoo a lot of times. 答语_. ( 我也是) Ive never been to a water park. 答语_ I havent _.( 我也没去过)B、观察 分析1 I have been to an amusement park 2 He has lived here since 1992.结论：现在完成时基本结构：_ + _其中 have/has 定义（一）：现在完成时表示过去 或已完成的 对现在造成的 ，常与already, yet, just,before, ever, never, once, twice, many times,so far等时间状语连用:Eg:_ you _ (have)your lunch yet?Yes,I have. I _ already _(read)this book.现在完成时用法（二）：现在完成时也表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。要与for + 一段时间, since + 过去的时间点/过去时的从句等时间状语连用,并且表示持续动作或状态的动词一定是延续性动词。Eg: I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。 She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。短暂性动词变为延续性动词： buy - have borrow -keep join - be in / be a member of become - be a member die - be dead begin / start - be on enter / come / arrive / get to / reach - be in/at go / leave for / set off / set out - be away from 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在_的影响和结果，强调的是_的情况，所以它_和表示过去的时间状语连用如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。而一般过去时只表示_的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。（他_还住在这里）He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。（并不涉及他现在是否住在这里）C、观察、分析1He has been to Gaoping a lots of times . me,too2 Ive never been to a water park .me neither结论：表同做一件事肯定时用_ _ 否定时用_ _ 记住neither. nor 意思是：既不-也不 这个短语做主语时采用就近原则 。观察： Neither I nor she has been to Beijing.我和她都没有去过北京。 这里主语_ 与谓语最近 所以用_ 三巩固练习（先独立完成后讲解）( )1. -_ you ever _ to an aquarium? -Yes, we had a good time there.A. Have, gone B. Had, been C. Have, been ( ) 2. She _ Shanghai for a month.A. has come to B. came to C. has been in( ) 3. Lu Xun _ since fifty years ago.A. died B. has died C. has been dead( ) 4. I _ my grandpa last Sunda