三年高考真题精编——名词.doc

2015年三年考真题精编名词2015年高考试题一、单项填空1.【2015湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his _ and had a bad fall.A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place 【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：男孩在追他哥哥时，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。A项“平衡”；B项“机会”；C项“记忆”；D项“地方”。lose ones balance“失去平衡”。故选A项。【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose搭配。考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配lose ones balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。2.【2015湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went to carry out the secret task. A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“ gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity（掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案。3.【2015安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some _ and then let me know.A. thoughtB. supportC. protectionD. authority【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。【考点定位】考查名词辨析【名师点睛】本题考查名词辨析。该种题型要求学生积累一定的词汇量，四个词的意思分别是“思考”；“支持”；“保护”和“权威”；其次，做题时需要结合句意进行综合考虑。根据第一句和“and then let me know”可知，现在不急着告诉“我”答案，由此可知是让对方再想想。4.【2015江苏】35.Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.Id like to, but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _ .A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在情景交际中辨析名词词义的能力。语境较为简单，考生只要抓住上文中的关键词“say sorry to”就可以锁定正确答案。因此，考生可以试着将词汇放在日常的情景交际中进行操练，加强对词汇的语境理解，可以达到事半功倍的效果。5.【2015江苏】32.Some schools will have to make _ in agreement with the national soccer reform.A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on“对做出评价/评论”，缩小正确答案的范围。6.【2015福建】24.The failure was a big_to him, but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.A. blowB. issueC. excuseD. Factor【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素。该句意思为：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A【考点定位】考查名词辨析。【名师点睛】名词也是高考英语复习的重点。对名词的考点无处不在，尤其是在阅读写作的过程中，考生对于名词的熟悉程度对于成绩是有很大影响的，要加强词汇、短语的记忆，要避免单纯地死记硬背，应注意结合语境，在理解的基础上熟记典型例句和常用搭配，总结规律，并根据自己的记忆特点，选择科学的记忆方法。记忆单词应和阅读结合起来，把单词融入句子中和语境中，利用上下文来帮助记忆。7.【2015浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。A. production意为产品， B. stress意为压力， C. energy意为能源， D. passive意为力量。此题考查的是4个名词的词义辨析，需要正确理解该句的语义。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B. stress意为压力。二、语法填空1.2015全国卷In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63._(able) to “air condition” a house without 64._(use)electric equipment.解析63. ability 结合空格前面的形容词性物主代词their可知，后面要用able的名词形式。 64. using结合空格前面的介词without，后面应该使用v.ing的形式。2.2015全国卷IId skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64._are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65._(painting). 解析64that/which 考查定语从句。漓江被许多艺术家绘画。此处考查定语从句，先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语。65paintings 考查名词的复数形式。漓江被画在如此多的中国绘画中。painting为可数名词，注意用复数形式。三、短文改错1.【2015陕西】Mum taught me some basic step of baking.解析step 改为steps 句意：妈妈教我一些基本的烘焙的步骤。step 是可数名词，用复数steps。2. 【2015四川】As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here. 【解析】friendfriends 考查名词的复数。名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故把friend改成friends。句意为：我在这儿交了三个新朋友。3.【2015浙江】My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. 【解析】side-sides 考查名词的单复数。根据前面的three，此处应该使用复数形式。4.【2015新课标全国II】One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.【解析】 parent改为parents 看下文可知，是父母两个，所以用parents。5. 【2015新课标全国I】The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 【解析】airsair 句意：我们呼吸的空气变得越来越脏。名词用法错误。名词air为不可数名词。2014年高考试题一、单项填空1.【2014天津卷】3. Wind is now the worlds fastest growing _ of power.A. source B. sense C. result D. root【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：风现在是世界上增长最快的电力资源。source 资源；sense感觉、意识；result结果；root根源。结合语境可知选A。 【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。2.【2014福建卷】26. Could you tell me the_ of making such tasty cakes? Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook.A. feature B. plan C. cost D. trick【解析】试题分析：这里表示“你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗”。Feature特征；plan计划；cost花费；trick诀窍，所以选D。句意：上文，你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗？下文，好吧，我就是按照烹饪书上的说明做的。【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。3.【2014湖北卷】Her_for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. motivationB. qualification C. talentD. technique【答案】A【解析】 试题分析：A项表示“动力，激励”；B项为“资格”；C项是“才能，天赋”；D项表示“技巧”。句意上“她写作的动力源自为女性获得更高教育的权利”。故选A。【考点定位】考查名词辨析及语境理解。4.【2014湖北卷】When Richard said，“You are much more agreeable and prettier now，Joans face turned red at the unexpected_.A. commandB. comparison C. compliment D. contribution【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意上，Joan听见Richard的出乎意外的话脸变红，而话的内容是“你更加和蔼可亲和漂亮了”，明显是夸赞之言，C项表示的就是“恭维，赞美”，故选C。A项表示的是“命令，要求”；B项表示“比较”；D项表示“贡献”，句意上都不符合。“com-的前缀和con-的前缀单词一直是高考的重点和难点。【考点定位】考查形近名词辨析及语境理解5.【2014江苏卷】27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _ in last years election.A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。A. symbol象征，标志；B. portrait肖像；C. identity身份，特征；D. statue塑像，雕像。句意：两年前她被软禁，但是在去年的大选中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。故A正确。【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解6.【2014安徽卷】29 Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one? Thats a good .A. saying B. question C. suggestion D. account【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：-如果你没有足够的钱买一个新车，你为什么不先买一辆二手的呢？-这是一个好建议。四个选项的含义分别是:A .saying说法，B. question问题，C suggestion建议，D.account账户，描述。根据句意选C。【考点定位】考查名词辨析7.【2014浙江卷】6.We most prefer to say yes to the _ of someone we know and like. A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：A.attempt尝试；B. request请求；C.doubts怀疑；D.promises承诺。句意：对于我们认识和喜欢的人的请求我们大多喜欢说可以。根据句意故选B。【考点定位】名词辨析及语境的理解。二、语法填空1.2014新课标全国卷 While there are_68(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _69(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.【解析】68.amazing.这里空格处应该用形容词，来修饰后面的名词，amazing指令人吃惊的；amazed指人感到吃惊的。这里不是用来修饰人的，故用amazing。69.changes.对于我们大多数人来说，变化是逐渐的，需要很多努力和工作。因为这里缺少的是句子的主语，根据谓语动词are可知主语应该是复数，故用changes。三、短文改错1.2014新课标全国卷Since then for all these year we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.【解析】根据句意和前面的all these 可知，用可数名词year的复数形式years。all these years 的意思是这么多年。2.2014辽宁卷Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking.【解析】句意：我们已经几次打电话关于Cleo的早晨吠叫的事情。这里的time是可数名词，表示“次数”改成times3.2014浙江卷Yet, they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. 【解析】strangersstranger.他们很快地给这位陌生人提供帮助。这里stranger指的是找票的那个人，是一个人，所以应该用单数。4.2014新课标全国卷For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.【解析】hourhours 考查名词单复数。we can do reading for one and a half hour。此处one and a half hour意思是“一个半小时”，hour应该用复数形式。5.2014四川卷 Stay close to your teacher and classmate. 【解析】classmate -classmates 。考查名词单复数。Stay close to your teacher and classmate.从内容可知此处是指许多同学们，应该用复数形式，把classmate改为classmates。2013年高考试题1.2013浙江4. As the worlds population continues to grow, the _ of food becomes more and more of a concern.A. worth B. supply C. package D. list【答案】B【解析】句意为：随着世界人口的不断增加，食品供应问题越来越受到人们的关注。所以这里the supply of food表示“食品供应”；其它worth意为“价值”；package意为“包装”；list则意为“单子，名册”都不符合语意，所以这里选B项。【考点定位】考查名词辨析。2. 2013天津卷7 While she was in Paris，she developed a_ for fine art.A. way B. relation Ctaste Dhabit【答案】C【解析】way方式，方法；relation关系；taste 品位，鉴赏；habit习惯。句意：当她在巴黎时，她养成了很好的艺术品位。【考点定位】考查名词的含义及语境理解。32013辽宁卷 The accident caused some _ to my car，but its nothing serious.Aharm BinjuryCruin Ddamage【答案】D【解析】damage指使用价值遭到损坏， 这种损坏是部分性的，不是完全，根据语境“it is nothing serious”所以选D。harm指肉体上或精神上的伤害。injury指人在事故中受伤。ruin 多用于借喻之中，经常指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。如： The rain will ruin the crops.这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析42013江苏 33With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture Can take a _ for the better.Ashare Bchance Cturn Dlead【答案】C【解析】句意为：因受到其他的饮食文化的启发，美国的饮食文化可以好转。turn意为“变化”，符合题意。share意为“份额，股份”；chance意为“机会”；lead意为“领导，