上外翻译I笔记(第八讲).doc

第八讲：词类转换l 译例导入The use of atomic weapons is a clear violation of the international law.使用核武器显然违反国际法l 名词转为动词（汉语动词用的多，是组句表意的核心）l 通常，这个名词是由“动词+后缀”转化而来Mary is a crazy lover of pop music. Mary酷爱流行音乐She is a famous singer. 她是著名的歌唱家Some of my friends are really good singers. 我的一些朋友唱歌的确很棒John used to be a chain-smoker. John过去抽烟很厉害，一支接一支 An acquaintance of the cultures of the English-speaking countries is very helpful to translation.了解一下英语国家的文化对于翻译很有帮助The local government called for the establishment of more such technical schools.当地政府呼吁创办更多这样的技术学校He taught me the value of an opportunity.他教会我要珍惜每一次机会The sight of the Oriental Pearl TV Tower always fills the people in Shanghai with pride.看到东方明珠，上海人心中总是充满了自豪感He gave his friends a vivid description of his first years life in the university.他向朋友们生动地描述了他第一年的大学生活His girlfriend gave him a black look and left.女朋友瞪了他一眼，然后离开了l 介词转化为动词We drove home a bit after midnight, over the river and through the lovely sleeping old town.时过午夜，我们驱车回家，先过了河，又穿过了这个酣睡中的古老而可爱的城市We often go to work by the shuttle bus.我们经常乘班车上班It is not good to go to bed on a full or an empty stomach.吃得太饱或者空腹都不宜上床睡觉The boss sat by his desk amid the morning mails.老板坐在办公桌前处理早晨的邮件He was between sheets by eleven.11点钟时他已经躺在被窝里了The dog is on the chain.狗用链子锁着The boy slipped on a banana skin.男孩踩上一块香蕉皮，滑了一下She inspected the table for dust with her fingers.她用手指摸摸桌面，检查是否有灰尘l 形容词转化动词If we are ignorant of the culture of a language, we can never be a real master of it.如果我们对语言背后的文化一无所知，就不可能真正掌握这门语言He said it was an informative meeting.他说这次会议上透露了不少消息I am quite sure that I will defeat John this time.我坚信这次我一定能够打败JohnThey were suspicious and resentful of the newcomer.对于新来的这个人，他们不但不信任，还讨厌他l 副词转化动词She opened the window to let the fresh air in.她打开窗户好让新鲜空气进来When she came back, she found all the lights on.她回来时，发现所有的灯都亮着l 动词转译名词l 通常这个动词是由“名词+后缀”转化而来Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系，有一个特点，那就是以礼相待A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.一个穿着讲究的人上了车，他的外表和谈吐都像美国人His only mission in life, it seems, is to contribute, in one way or another, to the education of the underprivileged in the society.他一生的唯一使命似乎就是想办法让社会上的弱势群体接受教育，并为此做出自己的贡献As head of the government and head of the state, the President personifies the nation he leads.作为政府首脑和国家元首，总统成了他所领导的国家的化身The dove and the olive symbolize peace and love.鸽子和橄榄枝是爱与和平的象征He warned that the bilateral ties would surely be jeopardized by a continuation of the war.他警告说，如果战争继续进行下去，两国关系极有可能受到危害This region must be protected from too frequent visits.该地区必须加以保护，避免过于频繁的参观l 形容词转名词They tried their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽力帮助病号和伤员Official Washington is going to reject this proposal.华盛顿官方将要驳回这项提案rural China 中国的农村 coastal Chinacentral America 美国中部John was eloquent and elegant-but soft.John既有口才又有风度，就是太软弱了His friends consider him insincere.朋友们都认为他是个伪君子l 名词转形容词Independent thinking is an absolute necessity for anyone who wants to be a success in his life.一个人要想成功，独立思考能力是必不可少的As a perfect stranger in Shanghai, he has to find a local to accompany him wherever he goes.由于对上海完全陌生，每次出门他都得找个当地人陪同He was surprised at the singularity of the strangers appearance.那个陌生人长相怪异，令他惊讶不已I recognized the stupidity of dealing with them through a go-between.我意识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是多么愚蠢l 动词转形容词When I cross the road, I always watch out.过马路时，我总是很小心l 副词转形容词One reason that women committed suicide about one-fourth as often as men is that they think differently.女性自杀的几率大约只有男性的四分之一，原因之一就是她们的思维方式是不一样的I was deeply impressed by the movie Titanic.Titanic这部电影给我留下了深刻的印象The sun rose thinly from the sea.淡淡的太阳从海上升起She has prepared very meticulously for the coming examination.她为即将到来的考试做了十分周密的准备l 形容词转副词The viewers commented that the play is a sheer waste of time.看过戏的人评价说这部戏纯粹就是浪费时间As the votes indicate, Tom is in a clear minority.投票结果显示，Tom明显属于少数Heated discussions about this topic arose on every corners of the campus.大学校园里到处都是人们在热烈地讨论着这样一个话题“We placed the highest value on our friendly relations with the developing nations”, said President Bush.Bush总统说：“我们极为看重与发展中国家的友好关系。”The holiday is around the corner, so lets give our dorm a thorough clean.假期就要来了，我们把寝室彻底打扫一下吧I will never forget his continuous encouragement when I was young.我永远也不会忘记，在我小时候，他总是不断地鼓励我l 副词与名词的转换Advanced in years, the scientist is physically weak but mentally good.这些年来，这位老科学家身体虽弱，但精神尚佳He was very hospitable and even had the kindness to show me the way.他非常好客，甚至好意地为我指路l 句式转移选择性转移I did it myself to spare your trouble.我自己办了，免得给你添麻烦我自己办了，免得麻烦你l 句式转移强制性转移She is no less beautiful than her sisters.她跟她姐妹一样漂亮她的美貌不亚于她的姐妹l 句式转移伴随性转移Ignorance of the law excuses no man from practicing it.谁也不能以不知法为借口，不受法律制裁l 句子成分之间的转换My admiration for my teacher grows ever more.我越来越钦佩我的老师（主谓转换）He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for research.他工作不多，教学任务很轻，有大量的机会从事研究工作（宾语转换为主语）In 1955, Einsteins life ended peacefully at the age of seventy-six1955年，爱因斯坦平静地离开了人世，终年七十六岁（修饰语变主语）The long negotiations produced shifting and sometimes curious alignments between nations.在长期的谈判过程中，国家与国家之间形成了变化不定而且有时显得奇怪的阵线（主语转换为状语）l 简单、复合句转换If I see Tom, I will tell him about it.见到Tom我就告诉他The men who worked for him lived under mortal fear.在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死A well-off society in an all-round way seems only one generation away.也许再经过一代人的努力，我们就能全面实现小康社会The sharp divergence of opinion at the meeting makes it difficult to adopt any meaningful resolution.由于会上意见分歧很大，因此很难通过任何具有实际意义的决议His superior grades at high school enabled him to enroll at Cornell, one of the most prestigious universities in the world.