人教版英语必修三Unit3Grammar.ppt

NounClauses 名词性从句 原来那个女孩想嫁的是个电视机 playmusic singanddanceverywell whocantellinterestingstories whodoesnotsmokeordrink whostaysathomeintheeveningsandwhostopstalkingwhenI mtiredoflistening Theyoungmangotup tookhiscoatandwenttothedoor butbeforeheleftthehouse heturnedandsaidtoBetty Itisn tamanyou relookingfor Joke1Bettywasaveryprettygirl Quitealotofyoungmenwantedtomarryher Oneday oneoftheyoungmencametovisitherandaskedhertobecomehiswife Sheanswered No John Iwon tmarryyou Iwanttomarryamanwhoisfamous whocan D Whatyouwantisatelevisionset Joke2Ateacheraskedoneofhisstudents Whatisthelongestandwhatistheshortest Thestudentansweredimmediately whilethelastseveralminutesofanexamistheshortest A thatthelast severalminutesofaclassisthelongest Doyouagree Joke3Aguyhadstayedsadlyinabarformorethanhalfanhour Then atruckdriversteppedupnexttohim tookthedrinkfromtheguy anddrankitalldown Poison Thepoormanstartedcrying Thetruckdriversaid Comeonman Iwasjustjoking Here I llbuyyouanotherdrink Ijustcan tseeamancrying No it snotthat Thisdayistheworstofmylife First Iwaslategettingtomyoffice Mybosswasprettyangry andfiredme WhenIleftthebuildingtogotomycar Ifoundoutitwasstolen Thepolicesaytheycandonothing WhenIgothome Ifoundmywifeleft Ilefthomeandcametothisbar AndjustwhenIwasthinkingaboutputtinganendtomylife B theworstisthatyou turnupanddrinkmypoison 长高点 就不用踮着脚跳舞了 Joke4Onagirl swayhomeafterwatchingaballet 芭蕾舞 performance thekindergartenteacheraskedherstudentswhattheythoughtofit Thesmallestgirlintheclasssaid If oneday theywillnothavetostandontheirtoesallthetime C mywishthat thedancerscangrowtallercomestrue Joke1 Whatyouwantisatelevisionset Joke2 Thestudentansweredimmediatelythatthelastseveralminutesofaclassisthelongestwhilethelastseveralminutesofanexamistheshortest Joke3 AndjustwhenIwasthinkingaboutputtinganendtomylife theworstisthatyoushowupanddrinkmypoison Joke4 Ifmywishthatthedancerscangrowtallercomestrueoneday theywillnothavetostandontheirtoesallthetime Whatkindofclausearethey Joke1 Whatyouwantisatelevisionset Joke2 Thestudentansweredimmediatelythatthelastseveralminutesofaclassisthelongestwhilethelastseveralminutesofanexamistheshortest Joke3 AndjustwhenIwasthinkingaboutputtinganendtomylife theworstisthatyoushowupanddrinkmypoison Joke4 Ifmywishthatthedancerscangrowtallercomestrueoneday theywillnothavetostandontheirtoesallthetime Whatkindofclausearethey 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 宾语从句 Nounclause NounClauses 名词性从句 SubjectClause 主语从句 AppositiveClause 同位语从句 ObjectClause 宾语从句 PredicativeClause 表语从句 名词性从句相当于名词 可分别作主句的主语 表语 宾语和同位语 因此 名词性从句可分为主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句和同位语从句 主语从句就是从句在主句中作主语的名词性从句 主语从句 同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分 其一般跟在一些抽象名词 idea belief fact truth problem news等 后面 对名词作进一步解释说明 同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when where why how whether 同位语从句 1 宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用 可以作动词的宾语 也可以作介词的宾语 引导宾语从句词有连词that if whether 连接代词who whose what which 连接副词when where how why等 TheObjectClause e g Ithink that womencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience 2 Iwonderwhether ifsherememberedhowmanybabiesshehaddelivered 3 Doyouknowwho whomJackwasspeakingto 4 Heaskedwhosecaritwas 5 Payattentiontowhatthedoctorsaid 6 Pleasetellmewhentheearthquaketookplace 7 WillyoutellmehowIcankeepfitandhealthy TheObjectClause 做动词的宾语 1 大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后 e g Hedoesn tknowwherethepostofficeis 2 有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语 e g HetoldmewhatIshouldread 3 如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语 要使用形式宾语it而将从句放到补足语后面 如think make consider e g Ithoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallme 我觉得奇怪 他没给我打电话 4 在think believe suppose expect等动词之后的宾语从句中 如果从句谓语是否定含义 则不用否定形式 而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式 e g Idon tthinkyouareright 我想你是不对的 5 在think believe imagine suppose guess hope等动词以及I mafraid等后 可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句 还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句 e g 一Doyoubelieveitwillclearup 你认为天气会转晴吗 一Ibelieveso 我认为会这样 Idon tbelieveso 或Ibelievenot 我认为不会这样 1 一般情况下 宾语从句直接跟在谓语后 e g Didshesayanythingabouthowweshoulddothework 2 that引导的宾语从句只有在except in but besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到 e g Yourarticleisallrightexceptthatitistoolong 3 有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语it e g I llseetoitthateverythingisready 做介词的宾语 当whether后紧跟or ornot时 不用if Idon tknowwhetherIwillstayornot 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings 注意 1 whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 在主 谓 it 形式宾语 宾补 that从句 真正宾语 的句型中不省略Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中 第二个that不省略 Hetoldme that hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime 2 that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 常见的系动词分为三种 A 表示特征和状态 be look sound taste smell seem appear等 B 表示由一类状态转为另一类状态 get become grow turn fall go come run等 C 表示某种状态的 remain keep prove rest continue stay等 3 表语从句 表语从句就是从句在主句中作表语的名词性从句 放在系动词之后 ThePredicativeClause that引导的表语从句that仅起连接作用 无意义 在句中不作任何成分 通常不可省略 这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用 e g Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking 2 whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用 意为 是否 究竟 到底 注意 if不能引导表语从句 在句中也不作任何成分 e g Thequestioniswhetherwhatmanwillturnupintime 2 表语从句 在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句 分析下列宾语从句中的连词 Idon tdoubt that youwillsucceed Idon tknowwhether ifhewillcometonight Idoubtif whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise 3个句子中的连词that whether if 是否 在名词性从句中只起连接作用 在句中不担任成分 被称为连接词 注意 A that本身无意义 在宾语从句中可以省略 但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略 B whether和if有是否的意义 在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换 但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句 而if仅可以用于宾语从句 引导名词性从句的关联词 连接词 3 what which who whom whose引导的表语从句连接代词what which who whom whose除在句子中起连接作用外 还可在从句中从当主语 表语 定语 且各有各的词义 e g Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist 4 where when why how引导的表语从句连接副词where when why how除在句中起连接作用外 在从句中还充当时间 地点 方式 原因状语 本身具有词义 e g That swhereIcan tagreewithyou ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding 5 其他连词asif because as asthough引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于 This That Itisbecause 结构中 asif though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look seem sound be become等后面 常用虚拟语气 表示不存在的动作或状态 e g Itsoundsasif thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor Myangerisbecauseyouhaven twrittentomeforalongtime 一 名词性从句的语序 1 名词性从句构成有两种 a That 陈述句 Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall Thisiswhatwearelookingfor 名词性从句考点归纳 b 疑问词 句子的剩余成分 Couldyoutellmewherehelives Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive 2 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序 不能用一般疑问句语序 Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle 你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗 F T T F 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜 二 名词性从句连接词的选用 1 that和what的选用 that和what都可引导所有的名词性从句 但是 what除起连接作用外 还在名词性从句中充当成分 可作从句的主语 宾语 或表语 而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分 只起连接作用 that what 1 hewantsisabook 2 hewantstogothereisobvious 3 Theresultis wewonthegame 4 Thisis wewanttoknow 5 Is hetoldustrue 6 Weshouldpayattentionto theteacherissaying 7 Ihavenodoubt hewillcome 8 Ihavenoidea hedidthatafternoon What That that what what what that what a 主语从句b 表语从句c 同位语从句d 介词后的宾语从句e whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo f 与ornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if if和whether的选用 不能使用if的情况 1 Iaskedher shehadabike 2 wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather 3 We reworriedabout heissafe 4 Idon tknow heiswellornot 5 Idon tknow ornotheiswell 6 Thequestionis heshoulddoit 7 Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion theoldmanwillrecoversoon 8 Ihaven tdecided togothere if whether Whether whether whether if whether whether whether whether if whether 其它连接代词和副词的使用 主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义 正确的选择who which when where why how等连接词 这些连接词既具有疑问含义 又起连接作用 同时在从句中充当各种成分 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定 weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃 Idon tknow broketheglassyesterday 我不知道他长的什么样子 Ihavenoidea helookslike 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方 Thisis Ileftmyglasses When who what where that可省略的情况 that不可省略的情况 主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略 引导词that的省略 单个宾语从句中的that可省略 1 Idon tthink sheiscoming 2 Itisapity hehasmadesuchamistake 3 Thereasonis heiscareless 4 Thenews ourteamwonthematchinspiredus 5 Idon tthinkitnecessary youshouldreadEnglishaloud 6 Hetoldme hisfatherhaddiedand hehadtomakealivingalone that that that that that that that that that a 他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的 Hebelieves b 请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么 Pleasetellme hisdreamwillcometruesomeday atthistimeyesterday 宾语从句的时态呼应 1 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时 从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态 whatyouweredoing 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备 Hetoldme 他说他已离开家乡十年了 Hetoldme 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的 Theteachertoldus hewaspreparingfortheexamination hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears lighttravelsinastraightline 2 如果主句谓语是过去时 从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态 但从句表达的是客观事实 真理 自然规律等时 从句谓语通常用一般现在时 Thereason wedidn ttrusthimwas heoftenlied 2 Thereason hegaveforhisabsencewas hewasill reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导 不能用why引导 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导 在名词性从句中 我们还需特别注意以下问题 why that that that Theyexpressedthehope theywouldcomeovertoChina A whichB thatC whomD when2 Thefact hedidn tseeTomyesterdayistrue A thatB whichC whenD what3 Ihavenoidea hewillcomeback A whereB whenC whatD if Choosethebestanswer 4 Oneofthemenheldtheview thebooksaidwasright A whatthatB thatwhichC thatwhatD whichthat5 Wordhascome someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek A whatB whetherC thatD which 6 Thequestionis thefilmisworthseeing A ifB whatC whetherD how7 Theyreceivedorders theworkbedoneatonce A whichB whenC D that8 Thereason Ihavetogois mymotherisillinbed A why whyB why becauseC why thatD that because 9 Ican tunderstandis shewantstochangehermind A What whyB Which howC That whyD What because10 hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain A ThatB WhetherC IfD Evenif 11 Itisknowntous wherethereispollution thereisharm A whichB whereC whatD that12 Ihavetheinformation A ofwhathe llcomesoonB thathe llcomesoonC ofthathe llcomesoonD hiscomingsoon 13 Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball itmademenearlymad A ThathebrokeB WhathebrokeC HebrokeD Hisbreak14 Itremainsaquestion wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime A howB thatC whenD what 15 CanIhelpyou Yes doyouknow A whencomesthebusB whenwillcomethebusC whendoesthebuscomeD whenthebuscomes16 Hemadeapromise anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich A thatB ifC whatD thatif 17 Theylosttheirwayintheforestand mademattersworsewas nightbegantofall A what thatB it thatC what whenD which what 18 Itnowappears theyareinneedofhelp A thatB whichC whatD how19 Itisgoodnews theywillarriveinafewdays A whichB whatC thatD how20 It Joedrivesbadly A thoughtthatB thinksthatC wasthoughtthatD isthoughtthat 21 Youmustdowell theteacherasksyoutodo A whichB whatC thatD where22 Thisis shewasborn A whereB whichC thatD what23 Thequestionis wecan tgotheretoday A thatB whatC whichD when 24 Thequestionis itisworthdoing A ifB whetherC whichD what25 Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis hehasneverwastedhistime A becauseB whyC thatD what26 Mysuggestionis weshouldturnthelandintoricefields A whatB thatC whichD where 27 Hisproposalisthatthedam atthefootofthemountain A buildB willbuildC bebuiltD willbebuilt28 Myadviceisthathe regularhouse A keepB wouldkeepC keepsD kept29 knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit A WhothatB WhoeverC WhomthatD Thatwho 30 Weallknowthetruth theearthgoesroundthesun A thatB whichC whatD whether31 Weheardthenews ourteamhadwon A whichB thatC whatD where32 Thep