2010考研英语(一)模拟【试卷】1.doc

2010考研英语（一）模拟试卷二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Foreign financiers complaining about the legal wars they will launch to recover bad debts in Russia rarely mean much. The expense of a lawsuit 1 the satisfaction; the chances of getting any money are 2 . Yet Noga, a company owned by Nessim Gaon, a 78-year-old businessman 3 in Geneva, has been suing the Russian government since 1993, attempting to 4 Russian assets abroad. At Mr. Gaons request, bailiffs last week very nearly 5 two of Russias most advanced warplanes at the Paris air 6 . The organisers 7 off the Russian authorities, and the planes flew home, just 8 time. 9 near-misses include a sail-training ship, the Sedov, nuclear-waste shipments, and the presidents plane. Mr. Gaon, whose previous business partners include regimes in Nigeria and Sudan, put an 10 clause in his original export deals: Russia must abandon its sovereign immunity. An arbitration court in Stockholm has found in his 11 , so far, to the 12 of $110 million, out of a total 13 of $420 million. Other courts 14 the world have let him have a 15 at any Russian assets 16 reach. The odd thing is 17 Russia, now awash with cash, does not simply pay up. Mr. Gaon says he was told at one point that a 10% 18 on the debt to someone high up in the finance ministry would solve things. 19 off Mr. Gaon costs much in legal fees. Not accepting international judgments sits ill with the current Kremlin line 20 the rule of law. Mr. Gaon says his next move will be to seize Russias embassy in Paris.1.A. outdoesB. outperformC. outshineD. outweighs2.A. thinB. slimC. leanD. wiry3.A. basedB. foundC. establishedD. set4.A. graspB. holdC. seizeD. snatch5.A. caughtB. gotC. grabbedD. arrested6.A. showB. exhibitionC. displayD. demonstration7.A. stiltedB. tippedC. dumpedD. slanted8.A. inB. onC. atD. upon9.A. OthersB. AnotherC. The otherD. Other10.A. usualB. unusualC. commonD. uncommon11.A. supportB. goodC. favorD. preference12.A. tuneB. figureC. accountD. count13.A. demandedB. requestedC. requiredD. claimed14.A. inB. atC. aroundD. over15.A. crackB. breakC. splitD. snap16.A. inB. withinC. out ofD. beyond17.A. howB. whenC. whyD. where18.A. kickbackB. paymentC. cutD. reward19.A. AvoidingB. FendingC. EscapingD. Shielding20.A. inB. onC. atD. to。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The consequences of heavy drinking are well documented: failing health, broken marriages, regrettable late-night phone calls. But according to Gregory Luzaichs calculations, there can be a downside to modest drinking, toothough one that damages the wallet, not the liver.The Pek Wine Steward prevents wine from spoiling by injecting argon, an inert gas, into the bottle before sealing it airtight with silicon. Mr. Luzaich, a mechanical engineer in Windsor, Calif. in the Sonoma County wine countryfirst tallied the costs of his reasonable consumption in October 2001.“Id like to come home in the evening and have a glass of wine with dinner,” he said. “My wife doesnt drink very much, so the bottle wouldnt get consumed. And maybe I would forget about it the next day, and Id check back a day or two later, and the wine would be spoiled.” That meant he was wasting most of a $15 to $20 bottle of wine, dozens of times a year.A check of the wine-preservation gadgets on the market left Mr. Luzaich dissatisfied. High-end wine cabinets cost thousands of dollarsa huge investment for a glass-a-day drinker. Affordable preservers, meanwhile, didnt quite perform to Mr. Luzaichs liking； he thought they allowed too much oxidation, which degrades the taste of a wine.The solution, he decided, was a better gas. Many preservers pumped nitrogen into an opened bottle to slow a wines decline, even though oenological literature suggested that argon was more effective. So when he began designing the Pek Wine Steward, a metal cone into which a wine bottle is inserted, Mr. Luzaich found that his main challenge was to figure out how best to introduce the argon.He spent months fine-tuning a gas injection system. “We used computational fluid dynamics to model the gas flow, ” Mr. Luzaich said, referring to a computer-analysis technique that measures how smoothly particles are flowing. The goal was to create an injector that could swap a bottles oxygen atoms for argon atoms； argon is an inert gas, and thus unlikely to harm a nice Chianti.Mr. Luzaich, who had previously designed medical and telecommunications products, also worked on creating an airtight seal, to secure the bottle after the argon was injected. He experimented with several substances, from neoprene to a visco-elastic polymer （which he dismissed as “too gooey”）, before settling on a food-grade silicon.To save wine, a bottle is placed inside the Pek Wine Steward, the top is closed, and a trigger is pulled for 5 to 10 seconds, depending on how much wine remains. When the trigger is released, the bottle is sealed automatically, preserving the wine for a week or more, the company says. “We wanted to make it very easy for the consumer, ” Mr. Luzaich said. “Its basically mindless.”The device, which resembles a high-tech thermos, first became available to consumers in March 2004, and 8, 000 to 10, 000 have been sold, primarily through catalogs like those of The Wine Enthusiast and Hammacher Schlemmer. The base model sells for $99； a deluxe model, which also includes a thermoelectric cooler, is $199.21According to Gregory Luzaich, the disadvantage of modest drinking is _.Adamaging the liver Bcosting much Cbreaking marriages Dspoiling the wine 22The word “tallied” （Line 3, Para. 2） probably means _.Acalculated Bcorresponded to Clisted Dgave 23According to the text, the “Pek Wine Steward” is _.Aa metal cone Ba thermoelectric cooler Ca gas injector Da wine preserver 24Mr. Luzaich created the seal to prevent the wine from declining with _.Aneoprene Bvisco-elastic polymer Csilicon Dargon 25Mr. Luzaichs attitude to the automatic sealing is _.Aopposition Bsuspicion Capproval Dindifference Text 2In Don Juan Lord Byron wrote, Sweet is revengeespecially to women. But a study released on Wednesday, supported by magnetic resonance imaging, suggests that men may be the more natural avengers. In the study, when male subjects witnessed people they perceived as bad guys being stroke by a mild electrical shock, their M.R.I. scans lit up in primitive brain areas associated with reward. Their brains empathy centers remained dull. Women watching the punishment, in contrast, showed no response in centers associated with pleasure. Even though they also said they did not like the bad guys, their empathy centers still quietly gloved. The study seems to show for the first time in physical terms what many people probably assume they already know: that women are generally more empathetic than men, and that men, and that men take great pleasure in seeing revenge exacted. Men expressed more desire for revenge and seemed to feel satisfaction when unfair people were given what they perceived as deserved physical punishment, said Dr. Tania Singer, the lead researcher, of the Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience at University College London. But far from condemning the male impulse for retribution, Dr. Singer said it had an important social function: This type of behavior has probably been crucial in the evolution of society as the majority of people in a group are motivated to punish those who cheat on the rest. The study is part of a growing body of research that is attempting to better understand behavior and emotions by observing simultaneous physiological changes in the brain, a technique now attainable through imaging. Imaging is still in its early days but we are transitioning from a descriptive to a more mechanistic type of study, said Dr. Klaas Enno Stephan, a co-author of the paper. Dr. Singers team was simply trying to see if the study subjects degree of empathy correlated with how much they liked or disliked the person being punished. They had not set out to look into sex differences. To cultivate personal likes and dislikes in their 32 volunteers, they asked them to play a complex money strategy game, where both members of a pair would profit if both behaved cooperatively. The ranks of volunteers were infiltrated by actors told to play selfishly. Volunteers came quickly to very much like the partners who were cooperative, while disliking those who hided rewards, Dr. Stephan said. Effectively conditioned to like and dislike their game-playing partners, the 32 subjects were placed in scanners and asked to watch the various partners receive electrical shocks. On scans, both men and women seemed to feel the pain of partners they liked. But the real surprise came during scans when the subjects viewed the partners they disliked being shocked. When women saw the shock, they still had an empathetic response, even though it was reduced, Dr. Stephan said. The men had none at all. Furthermore, researchers found that the brains pleasure centers lit up in males when just punishment was meted out. The researchers cautioned that it was not clear if men and women are born with divergent responses to revenge or if their social experiences generate the responses. Dr. Singer said larger studies were needed to see if differing responses would be seen in cases involving revenge that did not involve pain. Still, she added, This investigation would seem to indicate there is a predominant role for men in maintaining justice and issuing punishment.26. Lord Byrons words mean . A. Women are crueler than men B. Revenge on women is sweeter C. Women feel sweeter with revenge than men D. Women love to revenge27. According to the text, Dr. Singers attitude to male revenge impulse is . A. sympathetic B. detached C. positive D. negative28. According to the text, the study is originally aimed . A. to show sex differences on revenge B. to better understand humans behavior and emotions C. to cultivate personal likes and dislikes D. to see if the degree of empathy is connected with personal likes and dislikes 29. The word infiltrated (Line 5, Para. 5) probably means . A. acted B. mixed C. taught D. filtrated30. Dr. Singer thinks men are more suitable to maintain justice and issue punishment than women because . A. mens brains empathy centers remained dull when punishment was executed B. womens pleasure centers were lit up with punishment implemented C. men have no response when seeing punishment executed D. men had different experiences from women Text 3 The first big-name hackers include Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds, all now highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used today. These early hackers had a love of technology and a compelling need to know how it all worked, and their goal was to push programs beyond what they were designed to do. Back then, the word hacker didnt have the negative connotation it has today. The original hacker ethic, rooted out of simple curiosity and a need to be challenged, appears to be dead. The objectives of early hackers are a far cry from the goals of todays hacker. The motivation of the new breed of hackers appears not to be curiosity, or a hunger for knowledge, as it used to be. Instead, most of todays hackers are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent, treating hacking as a game or sport, employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet. The rate of security attacks is actually outpacing the growth of the Internet. This means that something besides the growth of the Internet is driving the rise in security attacks. Here are some realities you should know about: Operating systems and applications will never be secure. New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environment every day. And even if you ever do get one operating system secure, there will be new operating systems with new vulnerabilitiesphones, wireless devices, and network appliances. Employees will never keep up with security polices and awareness. It doesnt matter how much you train and educate your employees. If your employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable email attachments, how are you going to educate them about properly configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs? Managers have more responsibility than ever. And on top of the realities listed above. security managers are being asked to support increasing degrees of network availability and access. There are some good security measures you can take: Employ a layer 7, full-inspection firewall. Automatically update your anti-virus at the gateway, server and client. Keep all of your systems and applications updated. Hackers commonly break into a Web site through known security holes, so make sure your servers and applications are patched and up to date. Turn off unnecessary network services. Eliminate all unneeded programs. Scan network for common backdoor servicesUse intrusion detection systems, vulnerability scans, antivirus protection.31. Which of the following statements of Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds is TRUE? A They are all good examples of todays computer users. B They are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent. C Their goal is to push programs beyond what they are designed to do. D They are all dead.32. The underlined word hacker (Para. 1) most probably means _. A highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used today B the negative connotation of those computer users C a game, employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet D people who break into computer systems33. Which of the following is NOT true of security attacks? A Employees will keep up with security polices and awareness if they are highly-trained. B The rate of security attacks appears faster than the growth of the Internet. C Ones computer system will never be secure. D Vulnerabilities can go through phones, wireless devices, and network appliances.34. What is the most important one among the realities listed? A New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environment every day. B If employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable email attachments, the manager should educate them about properly configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs. C Managers have more responsibility than ever. D Security managers are asked to support increasing degrees of network availability and access.35. Various security measures are recommended EXCEPT _. A turning off network services B employing a full-inspection firewall C making sure that servers and applications are patched D eliminating all unneeded programsText 4A writer said yesterday that Richard M. Scrushy, the former chief executive of HealthSouth, paid her through a public relations firm to produce several favorable articles for an Alabama newspaper that he reviewed before publication during his fraud trial last year. The articles appeared in The Birmingham Times, a black-owned weekly in Birmingham, Ala. Mr. Scrushy was acquitted in June in a six-month trial there on all 36 counts against him, despite testimony from former HealthSouth executives who said he presided over a huge accounting fraud. I sat in that courtroom for six months, and I did every thing possible to advocate for his cause, Audrey Lewis, the author of the articles, said in a telephone interview. She said she received $10,000 from Mr. Scrushy through the Lewis Group, a public relations firm, and another $1,000 to help buy a computer. Scrushy promised me a lot more than what I got, she said. Charles A. Russell, a spokesman for Mr. Scrushy, said he was not aware of an explicit agreement for the Lewis Group to pay Ms. Lewis. The payments to Ms. Lewis were first reported by The Associated Press yesterday. Theres nothing there I think Richard would have any part of, Mr. Russell said. Mr. Russell said that Mr. Scrushy reviewed the articles before they were published. Richard thought she was doing a little, F.Y.I., heres what Im writing, Mr. Russell said. Ms. Lewis said that Mr. Russell, a prominent Denver-based crisis communications consultant, was also involved in providing her with financial compensation. She said Mr. Russell wrote her a $2,500 personal check at the end of May 2005; Mr. Russell said that was true. She was looking for freelance community-relations work after the trial, Mr. Russell said. Ms. Lewis came into Mr. Scrushys sphere through Believers Temple Church; she attends services and works as an administrator there. She and Rev. Herman Henderson, the pastor, were part of a group that appeared in court with Mr. Scrushy