高考虚拟语气归纳及练习题.doc

虚拟语气在非真实条件句中从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If + 主语+助动词的过去式（were, did, had）主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.与过去事实相反的假设If +主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might +have+过去分词If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.与将来事实相反的假设 If+主语+动词过去式 If+主语+were to+动词原形 If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：If you had followed my advice yesterday, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.if省略句在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。用介词代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)如果你有100万元，你会做什么？We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadnt got your help)没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help, = If it had not been for your help, = Had it not been for you help, 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。含蓄条件句有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副词)He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词)A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定语从句)I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly. (独立主格结构)要是考虑周密的话，他们会很快提高产量的。even if, even though也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与if 从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。 虚拟语气(2)虚拟语气在名词从句中1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。常见的这类动词有: ask要求, advise建议, beg请求, suggest建议, command命令, demand要求，request请求, insist坚持, require要求, order下令, propose建议, advice建议, recommend推荐、建议, intend打算, prefer宁愿, permit许可, persuade劝说, expect期望, decide决定, instruct命令, object反对, determine决定, urge要求, appoint命令等等Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave the classroom. 老师建议我们不要离开教室。He insisted that she（should） do it right now. 他坚持她马上就做。在It is/was +上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中It is suggested by the doctor that I should give up smoking. 医生建议我戒烟。当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时My suggestion is that we (should) set out tomorrow morning. 我建议我们明早动身。The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off 2. 在It is /was necessary, important等形容词+that从句中，常见的这类形容词有:necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative等It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你有必要参加会议。It is imperative（必要的） that you arrive there in time. 你必须按时到达那儿。在It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that从句中It is a pity that you fail the exam.It is no wonder he be late for class.虚拟语气(3)虚拟语气的其他用法在wish后面的宾语从句中对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时I wish I were a little younger.我希望我能够年轻一点。对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)或“would/could+现在完成时”I wish I had been there. 我真希望我当时在那里。I wish I had not attended that party. 我真希望我当时没参加那个聚会。对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用“would/could+动词原形”I wish he could explain what he means.在if only感叹句中表示“但愿”，“要是就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情色彩。If only the rain would stop. (对将来的虚拟)但愿雨能停。If only I were taller. (对现在的虚拟)我的个子要是能高一点就好了。If only I had followed your advice! (对过去的虚拟)要是我听从了你的建议就好了！在as if/as though引导的从句中表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时I really dont like the way you are speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father. 我真的非常讨厌你和我说话的方式。你听起来就好像是我爸爸。表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been there himself. 他不停地和我们讲发生的事情，好像他当时在场一样。有时也用陈述语气，这时表示较大的真实性或可能性It is becoming dark. It looks as if its going to rain. 天变黑了，似乎就要下雨了。在would rather结构中would rather do sth. 表示将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿自己做某事”I would rather go there tomorrow. 我想明天去那里。He would rather not stay at home tonight. 他今晚不想在家呆着。would rather have done sth. 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”She would rather not have gone to the party. 她觉得真是不该去参加那个晚会。would rather sb. did 表示的是将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事” Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. 明天就别来了，我希望你下周末过来。would rather sb. had done 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做” I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. 我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。在 It is (about, high) time+(that)从句中从句中用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味。It is high time that we began to work. 咱们应该开始干活了。虚拟语气高考练习题1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; beC. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I had rather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told名题精练9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible-Yes, but I _busy doing my homeworkA. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been for B. If it were notC. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would preventC. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 13. _hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to work B. Had he workedC. Should he work D. Were he to work14. _today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leave B. If he had leftC. Did he to leave D. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right nowA. are B. were C. would be D. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has come B. did come C. come D. had come17. He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had helped B. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped18. If it _for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbed D. hadnt been, could climb 19. Without electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be20. -I am going to tell her the news-I would as soon you _her about it A. didnt tell B. dont tell C. hadnt tell D. wont tell21. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homeA. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay22. It was requested that the play _againA. should put on B. would put onC. be put on D. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _ immediatelyA. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent24. -Did you scold him for his carelessness-Yes, but _itA. Id rather not do B. Id rather not have doneC. I should t do D. Id better not do25. If only I _my carA. hadnt lost B. wouldnt loseC. didnt lose D. havent lost26. But for water, it _impossible to live in the earthA. is B. would C. were D. wouldnt be27. I would rather you _anything about it for the time beingA. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he _ their own sonA. is B. were C. had been D. should be29. How the old people wish that they _young once moreA. were B. could become C. had been D. should be30. It is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problemA. hold B. held C. have held D. had held31. The thief closed his eyes _ he _dyingA. even if , was B. though, would beC. even, had been D. as if, were32. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concertA. had not B. did not have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have33. The chairman insisted that we _the question againA. will discuss B. to discuss C. should discuss D. will be discussed 34. He requested that the students _them get in cropsA. help B. to help C. helped D. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rulesA. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey36. I wish I _here thenA. was B. had been C. were D. would be37. It is strange that he _back so earlyA. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come38. Mother suggested that I _my homework first before watching TVA. did B. do C. shall do D. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting _off till nest SundayA. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put40. He is talking so much about America as if he _ thereA. had been B. has been C. was D. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before elevenA. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished42. -Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to-Dont call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it!A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I _ but I _ all this morningA. would, have washed B. could, have been washingC. would have, have been washing D. could have, had washing44. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worseA. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try45. -How could I thank you enough? -Dont mention it. Any other man _itA. must do B. could do C. would have done D. should have done46. Key European governments insist Iraqs co-operation _ good and military action_ to allow inspections to continueA. be, be delayed B. is, delayC. should be, be delayed D. is , be delayed47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, _more deathsA. it would have been B. it would beC. there would be D. there would have been48. What the customers_ from the company is that the goods _ right to their homes.A. requested, deliver B. demand, be deliveredC. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered49. If law-breakers _ the society will be in disorderA. made unpunished B. came unpunishedC. went unpunished D. not punished50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we _lateA. would be B. were C. will be D. would have been51. Supposing he never _, what would happen thenA. come B. came C. would come D. will come52. What do you think his proposal that we _ a play at the English meetingA. had put on B. should put onC. have put on D. will put on53. I hope that you _ rightA. will be B. should be C. were D. would be54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I _of service to youA. am B. have been C. should be D. would be55. He insisted that we _early the next morningA. start B. started C. would start D. had started56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has come B. did come C. had come D. came57. We _last night, but we went to the cinema insteadA. must have studied B. might studyC. would study D. would have studied58. If it _the snow, we _the Simian Mountain last weekA. were not, could have climbed B. were not, could climb C. had not been , could have climbed D. had not been, could climb59. Without electricity human life _quite different todayA. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be60. I wish I _ you yesterdayA. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see61. He talks as if he _for agesA. is living there B. was living there C. has lived there D. had lived there62. The judge ordered the thief _punishedA. should be B. would be C. was to be D. must be63. Her pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examinationA. be, should have B. was, have C. should, had D. was, has64. They are talking _they had known each other for yearsA. as if B. even if C. like D. because65. Had you done as I told you, you_A. would succeed B. would have succeededC. were to succeed D. should succeed66. _your help, I _the examA. Without, will fail B. If not , will failC. But for, would have failed D. If it is not for, would have failed67. I would rather you _at onceA. leave B. will leave C. left D. should leave68. _today, she would arrive in New York by Tuesday A. If he leaves B. Would he have left C. Was he leaving D. Were he to leave69. It is high time you _ to schoolA. will go B. would go C. went D. had gone70. If he had taken the doctors advice, he _been in hospital nowA. shouldnt B. hadnt C. wouldnt have D. would not71. It is necessary that he _to the lab right nowA. come B. came C. would come D. is coming72. But that he _ it, he wouldnt have believed itA. see B. saw C. had seen D. sees73. Their suggestion is that the wounded soldiers_ to hospital at onceA. be sent B. is sent C. was sent D. should send74. I would buy that car but I _enough moneyA. do not have B. did not have C. will not have D. had not had75. If only we_ about the danger, we couldnt have joined youA. knew B. had known C. would know D. should know 76. It was ordered that no smoking _in the libraryA. was allowed B. would be allowed C. be allowed D. had been allowed77. _you come earlier, you would have met himA. Should B. would C. Could D. Had78. -You should have finished your homework earlier-I know but I _the timeA. dont have B. didnt have C. wont have D. had not79. I tried his best in everything, _he wouldnt have been what he wasA. otherwise B. but C. and D. but that80. How I wish I _such a good chance beforeA. didnt miss B. hadnt missedC. met D. have met81. _your letter, I would have started off two days ago A. If I could have received B. If I receivedC. Should I received D. Had I received82. I would ask Tom to lend us money if I _ himA. had known B. knew C. have known D. know83. If it _tomorrow, what shall we do?A. rains B. would rain C. rained D. should rain84. If he _come a few minutes earlier, you would have met himA. would B. should C. / D. had85. If he were to come tomorrow, things_ easierA. should be B. would beC. are D. can be86. If you _that late movie last night, you would not be so sleepy nowA. havent watched B. didnt watchC. hadnt watched D. wouldnt have watched87. _difficulties, we would