2012年考研英语及答案解析1.doc

2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题 National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (NETEM)跨考英语教研室杨凤芝Section Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue recently. The court cannot_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that_ the courts reputation for being independent and impartial.Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courts decisions will be_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _ by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself_ to the code of conduct that _to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other cases _the question of whether there is still a _ between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_ having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _ they would be free to _those in power and have no need to_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _is inescapably political which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _ as unjust.The justices must _doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves _to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _, convincing as law.1 A emphasize B maintain C modify D recognize2 A when B best C before D unless3 A rendered B weakened C established D eliminated4 A challenged B compromised C suspected D accepted5. A advanced B caught C bound D founded6. A resistant B subject C immune D prone7. A resorts B sticks C leads D applies8. A evade B raise C deny D settle9. A line B barrier C similarity D conflict10. A by B as C through D towards11. A so B since C provided D though12. A serve B satisfy C upset D replace13. A confirm B express C cultivate D offer14 A guarded B followed C studied D tied15. A concepts B theories C divisions D convenience16. A excludes B questions C shapes D controls17. A dismissed B released C ranked D distorted18. A suppress B exploit C address D ignore19. A accessible B. amiable C agreeable D accountable20. A by all means B at all costs C in a word D as a resultSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)Text 2TEXT2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests.Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, its not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. Whats more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant childrens marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into childrens behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a third stepping stone between infant wear and older kids clothes. It was only after toddler became common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist.26 By saying it is . The rainbow(line 3, Para 1), the author means pink _.A should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB should not be associated with girls innocenceC cannot explain girls lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls lives and interests27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls DNAB Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsC Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28 The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological devotement was much influenced by _.A the marketing of products for childrenB the observation of childrens natureC researches into childrens behaviorD studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised _.A focuses on infant wear and older kids clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers terms30. it can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seems to be _.A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsText 33132333435Text 43637383940 Part B Directions:For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes