2010年12月大学英语四级全真预测试卷及答案 一.doc

2010年12月大学英语四级全真预测试卷及答案 一来源:网络 作者:佚名 点击: 11805次Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 给你的外国朋友写一封信，告诉他(她)你已经被美国的一所大学 Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:给你的外国朋友写一封信，告诉他(她)你已经被美国的一所大学录取，但你苦恼的是自己的听力和口语水平不够，你想寻求他(她)对于如何提高听力和口语的建议。Part II Reading Comprehension (skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Robot Cars to Do Battle in Desert RaceWhen 15 competitors lined up in Nevada last year for the U.S. Defense Departments first million-dollar robot race, hopes were high. The challenge: to drive a vehicle without a human driver or remote control some 150 miles (241 kilometers) through the Mojave Desert.But those hopes quickly went up in a cloud of dust as most robots barely managed to get off the starting line. The best performer, a modified Humvee built by engineers at Pennsylvanias Carnegie Mellon University, traveled 7 miles (11 kilometers) before breaking down.To robot devotees(热爱者), however, it was a miinor hiccup.No surprise, then, that 43 teams showed up to try out for this years race, dubbed(被称作) the Grand Challenge. For the past week, teams ranging from garage enthusiasts to well-funded university engineers have been fine-tuning their machines at qualifying rounds here at the California Speedway in Fontana, California. (Watch the robots in action in our exclusive video.)Twenty-three finalists were announced Thursday for Saturdays Grand Challenge. The 175-mile (282-kilometer) course starts and finishes in Primm, Nevada.The race promises to be even tougher than last years run. But 18 months is an eternity in the robotics world, and the technology has vastly improved.Organizers believe several teams have a real shot of finishing the race in less than ten hours to earn the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars.When the first team out of the chute(斜道)Mojavaton, a small team out of Coloradomade it successfully around the 2.2-mile (3.5-kilometer) qualification course, I knew right there and then that we had something special, said Ron Kurjanowicz, the chief of staff for the Pentagons Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which is sponsoring the race.Unknown CourseThe aim of the Grand Challenge, Defense Department officials say, is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles that can operate in dangerous environments, such as war zones, keeping soldiers out of harms way.A U.S. Congress mandate(训令)requires that one-third of military ground vehicles drive themselves by 2015, but the technology to meet that mandate does not yet exist.So the government looked to enterprising teams to develop the technology for driverless vehicles, sweetening its offer with the two-million-dollar purse.None of the 23 teams knows what lies ahead for this years race. DARPA wont reveal the exact route until two hours before the start of the race on Saturday.But the obstacles on the Fontana qualification course-including a steelenforced tunnel that wipes out a vehicles global positioning systemare made to resemble the rugged, real-life conditions that the vehicles will have to navigate.The vehicles use sensors such as lasers, cameras, and radar to help them avoid obstacles such as rocks and cliffs. The computers brain has to figure out how to resolve unexpected conflicts, like a boulder sitting in the middle of the road.Think about all the decisions that you and I have to make when we drive from our house to the store, Kurjanowicz said. These vehicles have to do the same thing, without a driver.Among the top contenders in Saturdays race is TerraMax, a massive truck originally built by the Wisconsin-based Oshkosh Truck Corporation for the U.S. Marine corps.In last years race, TerraMax managed to go only 1.2 miles (2 kilometers). Team leader Gary Schmiedel expects to do much better this year. He pointed to the new all-wheel steering feature on the truck as an important addition.We can move this large, 15-ton (13.5-metric ton) payload vehicle in a turn thats equivalent to that of a Humvee, he said.GhostriderThe resources of teams like TerraMax or Carnegie Mellon University, which has two vehicles in the race this year, are a far cry from those of some of the other competitors, including inventors, electricians, and even a high school team.One entry, from a Southern California team of engineers, racers, and hot-rodders, is called It Came From the Garage. It has a beer keg(小桶)stuck on the back and an on-off switch that says brain.Most of the schools and organizations were up against are just accessorizing conventional vehicles, said team leader Chris C.J. Pedersen, a former actor. Our vehicle is a custom-built, 21st-century hot rod. complete with hood scoop and exhaust coming off the side.Anthony Levandowski, a robotics builder from Berkeley, California, is back with Ghostrider, the only motorcycle robot in the qualifications. Studded with sensors and computers, it toppled (翻倒)over after 3 feet (1 meter) in last years race.Levandowski, who had to postpone his graduate studies when he couldnt find a faculty advisor who believed it would be possible to build the motorcycle robot, says his vehicle has some distinct advantages.(整理：胥桂苓)Were smaller and go a lot more places, he said while tinkering with the robot before another trial run. Were also a lot less expensive. This bike costs as much as a tire or a wheel of some of theseWere smaller and go a lot more places, he said while tinkering with the robot before another trial run. Were also a lot less expensive. This bike costs as much as a tire or a wheel of some of these other guys machines.Smart MoneyNeither Ghostrider nor It Came From the Garage made the final cut this weeks qualifying races.However, another crowd-pleaser, Cajunbotor the Ragin Cajuna converted all-terrain vehicle developed by a team from the University of Louisiana in Lafayette, did.The smart money in Saturdays race may be on Stanley, a converted Volkswagen Touareg made by a team at Californias Stanford University. It was the only vehicle that didnt hit an obstacle in the trial runs.Even if none of the vehicles finishes the race this year, DARPAs Kurjanowicz said, the event has succeeded in galvanizing robotics developers and pushing the creation of new technologies.The beauty of the Grand Challenge is that it doesnt tell people how to solve the problem, he said. The community has come up with its own elegant solutions.1. The passage mainly describes the advantages and disadvantages of robot car races.2. Last years robot race in Nevada was a great success.3. It is a surprise that up to 43 teams came for this years race called the Grand Challenge.4. The Pentagons Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) is sponsoring the race.5. The aim of the Grand Challenge is to spur development of autonomous ground vehicles.6. Ghostrider and It Came From the Garage both made the final cut at this weeks qualifying races. 7. TerraMax will finish the race and win the grand prize of two million U.S. dollars.8. The obstacles on the Fontana qualification course are made to resemble the _.9. The only motorcycle robot in the qualifications is _.10. The only vehicle that didnt hit an obstacle in the trial runs is _.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A At the department store. C In the restaurant.B At the office. D In the drug store.12. A The man shouldnt expect her to go along.B She doesnt think she has enough money.C Shell go even though the movie is bad.D The man should count the number of people going.13. A She wasnt really studying.B She hadnt finished writing her articles.C She had furnished her house.D She could write beautifully.14. A The problem may have been a very complicated one.B No one can do it.C The woman thinks that the problem is too easy.D The man can solve the problem himself.15. A The janitor is too busy to do his work.B The sanitary conditions of an apartment.C The relationship between the janitor and the two speakers.D The architecture of a building.16. A He cant tear either piece of cloth. C The pieces of cloth are made by a secret process.B He wants part of each piece of cloth. D The pieces of cloth seem identical to him.17. A Tuesday. C Thursday.B Wednesday. D Friday.18. A A photographers camera. C A movie camera.B A television camera. D The mans own camera.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A Memories of a recent storm. C Weather patterns that can affect Florida.B How strong winds develop into a hurricane. D Planning a summer vacation.20. A Late summer is sunny season. C Late summer is rainy season.B Late summer is hurricane season. D Late summer is cloudy season.21. A Wind speed. C Water temperature.B Rainfall. D Direction of approach.22. A By name. C By location.B By number. D By month.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A Her professor did not like her story.B She had trouble finishing her assignment.C She did not like the topic she had chosen for he r paper.D She was taking too many courses.24. A Take some extra time. C Do some work for another course.B Do a writing exercise. D Write the story ending first.25. A To go shopping. C To meet with her professor.B To do research for her story. D To take a break from her work.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A Given by the local government. C Bought from different cities and villages.B Born by a large number of bitches. D Captured over grassland.27. A 11-week course for control duty. C 9-week course for control dutyB 11-week course for patrol duty. D 9-week course for patrol duty. 28. A Catching runaway criminals. C Patrolling the dangerous town. B Scratching the hidden bombs. D Drug-sniffing or bomB 11-week course for patrol duty. D 9-week course for patrol duty.28. A Catching runaway criminals. C Patrolling the dangerous town.B Scratching the hidden bombs. D Drug-sniffing or bomb-sniffing.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A Gold was discovered.B The transcontinental railroad was completed.C The golden Gate Bridge was const ructed.D Telegraph communications were established with the East.30. A About two million. C About five million.B About three million. D About six million.31. A 19 million dollars. C 37 million dollars.B 32 million dollars. D 42 million dollars.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A Computers have become part of our daily lives.B Computers have advantages as well as disadvantages.C People have different attitudes to computers.D More and more families will own computers.33. A Computers can bring financial problems.B Computers can bring unemployment.C Computers can be very useful in families.D Computerized robots can take over some unpleasant jobs.34. A Computers may change the life they have been accustomed to.B Spending too much time on computers may spoil peoples relationship.C Buying computers may cost a lot of money.D Computers may take over human beings altogether.35. A Affectionate. C ApprovingB Disapproving. D Neutral.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Development banks are international lending groups. They lend money to developing countries to help fuel economic growth and social (36) _. They are not part of the World Bank, the International (37) _ Fund or the United Nations. The money comes from member countries and borrowing on world markets.Development banks provide long-term loans at market (38) _. They provide even longer-term loans at below-market interest rates. These banks also provide technical (39) _ and (40) _.There are four main ones. The oldest is the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington, D.C. It began in 1959. President Juscelino Kubitschek of Brazil had (41) _ a bank to aid economic growth in the Americas. The (42) _ of American States agreed. Today the bank is worth over 100,000 million dollars. It holds only 4 percent of that. The other money is (43) _ by its members. (44) _. 26 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean borrow from the bank.The African Development Bank has its roots in an agreement signed in Sudan in 1963. It is based in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. (45) _ _. The country with the most votes in the bank is Nigeria, followed as of July by the United States, Japan and Egypt.The Asian Development Bank started in 1966. It is based in Manila, in the Philippines. There are 63 members, mostly in Asia. (46) _.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passageA sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you 47 the two to do something for your local 48 ?It may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to 49 it in the garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower.50 , a biodegradable (生物可降解的)mobile phone was introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage 51 to recycle.Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other 52 and can be hard or soft. and able to change shape. Overtime it can also break down into the soil without giving out any toxic 53 . British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this new type of cover turns into waste, it 54 nitrates(硝酸盐). These feed the seed and help the flower grow.Engineers have designed a small 55 window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows when the phone is thrown away.Weve only put sunflower seeds into the covers so far. But we are working with plant 56 to find out which flowers would perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time, said one scientist.A RecentlyB consumersC chemicalsD environmentE combineF transparentG buyH companion I expertsJ formsK buryL paperM paperN plastic O Usually Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedN plasticO UsuallySection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices m