新视野大学英语第三版读写教程unit1讲义.doc

新视野大学英语读写教程（第三版）讲义Book One Unit Two授课班级： 授课教师： I. Warming-up Activities 1. Preview and Lead-in (p2)2. Background Information (教参p2-3)American higher education In USA, students can choose to go to college after high school. (Or they can choose to go straight to the workforce after high school.) They have the option of attending a two-year community college before applying to a four-year university. Admission to community college is easier, tuition is lower, and class sizes are often smaller than at a university. Community college students can earn an associate degree and transfer up to two years of course credits to a university.College and university students need to pay tuition, but many earn scholarships or receive loans. Although admission policies vary from one university to another, most determine admission based on several criteria, including a students high school course of study, high school Grade Point Average (GPA), participation in extracurricular activities, SAT or ACT exam scores, a written essay, and possibly a personal interview with a representative from the admission office.Most students in USA take the SAT (known asScholastic Aptitude Test) or ACT (American College Testing) during their final year of high school. Each university sets a minimum SAT or ACT score that a student must achieve in order to gain admission. These are standardized quantitative examinations. The SAT tests critical reading, mathematics, and writing skills. The ACT tests English, mathematics, reading, and science reasoning, and includes an optimal writing test. Extracurricular activities may include scholastic clubs, athletic teams, student government, and philanthropic clubs. Voluntary participation in these kinds of activities is an indication that a student has learned valuable life lessons, such as teamwork, leadership, or civic responsibility.University students pursuing a bachelors degree are called “undergraduates”; students pursuing a masters or doctoral degree are called “graduate students”.Most universities give undergraduate students a liberal education, which means students are required to take courses across several disciplines before they specialize in a major field of study. Graduate and professional programs, such as medicine or law, are specialized. All degree programs require students to complete a minimum number of credit hours in order to graduate.Selection for admission to a graduate program is based on several criteria. These include completion of a bachelors degree, the students undergraduate coursework and GPA. Students are also expected to write an essay as part of their application or to submit a writing sample. Most masters programs require students to have a minimum score on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), which tests verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills.Vera Wang Vera Ellen Want (王薇薇, 1949-) is a Chinese-American fashion designer. She was born and raised in New York City. While trained as a figure skater in high school, she eventually earned a degree in art history from Sarah Lawrence College in 1971. But a career in fashion was her dream. She worked as a senior fashion editor for Vogue (时尚杂志) for 15 years. In 1985, she left Vogue and joined Ralph Lauren as a design director for two years. In 1990, she opened her own design salon in New York, and featured her trademark bridal gowns. Wang has made wedding gowns for many well-known celebrities and public figures, such as Jennifer Lopez (珍妮佛洛佩兹), Sharon Stone(莎朗斯通), and Chelsea Clinton (切尔西克林顿).3. Pre-reading Activities (Compound dictation)Universities are generally bigger, offer more _ and do more research. Modern universities developed from those of the _ in Europe. The word “university” came from the Latin “universities.” This described a group of people _ for a common purpose4. Video WatchingTopic i: How to enrich your campus life?As shown in the video, college is not only a place for us to get a degree but also a place for us to enrich our experience. For the sake of our healthy growth, in effect, every college campus in China is abundant with extra-curricular activities, such as mathematical modeling, English salon, dance training, sports center, and fine art clubs. An active participation in such activities can broaden our horizons, thus enabling us to pursue new passions. And best of all, we will form more firm bonds of friendship in the process that will blossom over many years.Topic ii: How to reap the most out of your campus life?How much we will reap from our campus life depends upon what we do from now on, as it is often said in our life that you will reap what youve sown. In order to avoid reaping nothing or even regret, Id like to share with you my own plans:To keep up with the flow of my courses. If I fail to keep pace with my courses, as far as I know, I will stand little chance of reaping the most out of my campus life. So it is the bottom line of my campus life to keep in step with them. To be concrete, I will attend classes and hit textbooks in time so as to condition myself better for the exams in advance.To embrace the campus life with my whole being. Since there is a lot more to my campus life than passing exams, I will throw my heart into it and keep my curiosity as the best guide to my pursuits. If I sign up for model designing and making out of curiosity, for example, I believe I will reap a lot from a good combination of theory and practice;To get ready for new challenges. Readiness for challenges from, say, unknown fields of my interest will not only lead to growth in my abilities, but help find out my new passions as well. As the old Chinese saying I love most goes, “Success is always in favor of those who keep prepared for it”.5. Topic-centered study of new words and their use1. While many students felt _ in face of the challenge, he chose to rise to it. 2. What you will achieve tomorrow has much to do with how much knowledge you _ today.3. As youve made your _, so will you carry it out.4. Teaching resources are always _ to those who are ready to make best use of them.5. With no compass in the ocean of learning, your _ for it will cool soon. 6. The golden _, once lost, will never come by again.7. He who has lost _ can lose nothing more.8. What you will _ from your campus life rests with what you direct your efforts to now.9. What one finds _ now may turn out to be nothing but a waste of time in the future.10. Whereas some _ joys of college life, others taste regrets for it. II. Vocabulary Study1. pledge vt&n (fml. ) （尤指公开或正式作出的）誓言；誓约；保证 同近义词 promise; undertake; guarantee搭配 pledge sth. (to sb./sth.) pledge to do sth. 保证去做 pledge that pledge oneself to sth./to do sth. 保证某人做某事或支持某事 例句 The Government has pledged itself to send aid to the flood victims. 2. routine n.常规，管理 adj.惯常的；常规的；例行的 助记：在route里面加了个in; 每天都在这条路线里走，就是日常的、例行的(routine)事情。 词性变化routinely adv. 例句 She found it difficult to establish a new routine after retirement. 3. attain vt. (fml) 获得；赢得；得到 词性变化 attainable adj.可得到的,可达到的attainment n.成就;学识 同近义词 accomplish; achieve; acquire 搭配 attain ones goal, objective, ambition, etc 例句 Whenever you have an aim you must sacrifice something freedom to attain it! Please translate the sentence!4. pursue vt. (fml)追求；致力于；追赶；追逐 搭配 pursue sth./sb. pursue a wild animal, a thief 词性变化pursue v.pursuit n.追赶；追求；职业；工作 例句 Do you have the courage to pursue the dreams? 5. enthusiastic adj.enthusiasm n. enthusiast n. l reap the benefits of. 从中获益l chanceopportunity 例句We must exploit every opportunity to learn new things. Please translate the sentence!6. overwhelm vt. 淹没；压倒 overwhelming adj. overwhelmed adj. 压倒性的；势不可挡的 受宠若惊的；不知所措的 例句 The task wont feel so overwhelming if you break it down into small, easy-to-accomplish steps. 如果你把这个任务分解成一个个容易完成的小步骤，就不会觉得那么难以应对。 Ifyoufeelstressedoutandoverwhelmed,breathe.Itwillcalmyouandreleasethe tensions. 如果你觉得压抑和不知所措，调息，它会使你平静并释放紧张情绪。 7. avail n.&v .available adj. 效用；利益；使有利于 可获得的；可得到的；有空的例句 When you do go out, look for available deals and discounts. 如果你一定要出去吃，记得查找可用的优惠和折扣。 Im available in the afternoon. 我下午有空8. assume vt.假定；假设；认为 词性变化assume vt.assumptive adj.assumption n. 假设；假定 假定的；设想的 假定；设想 例句 I am assuming that the present situation is going to continue. 9. emerge vi. 出现；露出 词性变化 emerge vi. emergent adj. emergence n. 出现；露出 紧急的；浮现的 出现；浮现 例句 New digital products emerge day after day.10. enrich vt. 使丰富；充实；强化 enrichment n. 丰富；改进；肥沃 The Prefix en 1.en-加在名词前面构成动词。2.en-加在形容词前面构成动词。3.en-加在动词前面构成新的动词。 前缀en-通常加在动词或形容词前面，它的构词功能如下：1).加在某些名词前面构成动词，有“置于之中，登上，使上”等含义。 Eg:置于之中，登上，使上 encage （把关入笼中） encase （把装入箱子中） encave （把藏入洞中） entomb（埋葬，成为的坟墓） enroll （把记入名册中） 2).加在另一些名词面前构成动词，有“用来做某种事，饰以，配以”等含义。 Eg: enchain（用链锁住，束缚） encloud（阴云遮蔽，使天阴） enflower（用花点缀，用花装饰） 3).加在某些形容词或名词前面构成动词，有“使成某种状态，致使，使，如同，作为”等含义。 Eg: enlist（使入伍，使服兵役） enlarge（使扩大，放大） enable（使能够） enrich（使富裕） encourage（鼓舞，鼓励） enhance（提高，增强，加强） endanger（危急，危害，使遭到危险） 4).加在某些动词前面构成新的动词，表示in之意或只作加强意义。 Eg: enwrap（围绕，包围） enforce（强迫，迫使）enclose（围住，包住，关进）enfold （把包入）enact （饰演，扮演） 11. confidence n.信心；信任confident adj.自信的；确信的 用法 be confident in/about sth. be confident of (doing) sth. 例句 What gives you strength and confidence in life? I feel quite confident about my future. We are confident of passing the exam.12. yield v.&n.产生；屈服；让步；产量 搭配 yield to 屈服；让步；由接替；劣于；低于 例句 The tourist industry yielded an estimated $20 million for the area last year. The hijackers finally yielded to demands to release the passengers.III. Text LearningText AnalysisLanguage Points1. pledge to do sth. 作保证，承诺中美政府承诺将加强合作与交流以确保两国关系的未来更加美好。(pledge to /boost cooperation/exchange/China-US ties ) China and the United states pledge to boost cooperation and exchange to ensure a better future for China-US ties. 2. remind sb. of sb./ sth.1) make sb. remember sb. that they know or sth. that happened in the past 使某人想起某人或某事The song always reminds me of our holiday in Mexico那首歌总让我想起我们在墨西哥的那次假期。2) be very similar to sb. or sth. else 使某人想起（相似的）人或事Nancy was tall and slim, and reminded me of my cousin Sarah. 南希身材高挑，让我想起了我的表妹萨拉。3. Sentence pattern: In doing sth, sb. is reminded of sth. 用于表达“某事引起的回忆”。第一次给这么多人做演讲时，我想起我的英语老师给我的鼓励和建议。(make speech / be reminded of / encouragement ) In making my speech in front of a large audience, Im reminded of the encouragement and advice from my English teacher. 4. be finished / done with (doing) sth. 干完某事你说完成的折射出你曾经的梦想，但不代表你未来的成功。mirror; what you ever dreamed of; stand for; your success in the futureWhat you are already finished with mirrors what you ever dreamed of, but it does not stand for your success in the future.5. Sentence pattern: X is built / based on Y. 阐明事物的基础我们队明天生活的幸福感知度基于我们为今天生活所付出努力的多少。In this context, X = “how happy we feel with tomorrows life”; and Y = “how much effort we make for todays life”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:How happy we feel with tomorrows life is built on how much effort we make for todays life. 6. Sentence pattern: X has the freedom/power/right to do Y你有发表言论的自由，而我有充耳不闻的权利。In this context, X = “you” as well as “I”, Y = “your views” as well as “a deaf ear”, and “do” = “air” as well as “turn(to them)”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:While you have the freedom to air your views, I have the right to turn a deaf ear to them. 7. get by have just enough of sth. such as money or knowledge so that you can do what you need to do 过活；过得去；勉强应付8. to make the most of 充分利用这篇文章向你介绍iPhone5S手机的7个使用小窍门。 (tips / to make the most of)This article introduces 7 tips for making the most of your iPhone5S. 9. to reap the benefits受益，得享好处继续广泛阅读，你会受益的。(read extensively / to reap the benefits / sooner or later)Keep on reading extensively, and you will reap the benefits sooner or later. 10. to feel overwhelmed by不知所措现如今，激烈的竞争让许多年轻人不知所措。(fierce competition / feel overwhelmed / job market) Nowadays, many young people feel overwhelmed by the fierce competition in the job market. 11. 如果让我给你一条如何应对大学挑战的建议，那就是：相信自己！(cope with / believe in yourself)If I could give you only one piece of advice about how to cope with the college challenges, it would be this: Believe in yourself! 12. in advance: before sth. happens or is expected to happen 预先；提前Details of the meeting had been given to the public in advance. 会议的详细内容在会前已经公之于众了。13. to stand a chance of 有机会，有希望在这种极端天气下动物很难存活。(stand little chance of / extreme weather) Animals stand little chance of survival under such extreme weather. 14. Sentence pattern: X not only does Y, but（it）also does Z.自信心的提高将不但有助于你学业进步，而且对你的健康有益。In this context, X = “an increase in your confidence”, Y = “your academic progress”, Z = “your health”, and “does” = “go a long way toward” as well as “be good for”. So the new declarative knowledge arises:An increase in your confidence will not only go a long way toward your academic progress, but it will also be good for your health. 15. A wonderful example of this is sb. who/ sth. that用于列举“最典型的事例”。有些人没有大学文凭也获得了成功。一个绝佳的例子就是微软公司创始人比尔盖茨，他在大三时就从哈佛退学了。(college diploma/ wonderful example/ drop out of )Some people achieved great success even though they did not have college diplomas. A wonderful example of this is the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, who dropped out of Harvard in his junior year. 16. over time gradually 逐渐地；慢慢地For good or bad, things will change over time. 不管是好是坏，事情慢慢都是要变的。17. turn (sb./sth.) into sth.become sth. different, or make sb. or sth. do this 使某人/某物）变成Hollywood discovered her and turned her into a star. 好莱坞发现了她，并把她变成了明星。18. all at once 1) at the same time 同时She had two projects at hand, three classes to teach, and a baby to take care of all at once.她同时有两个项目要做，三个班级要教，还有一个婴儿要照顾。2) suddenly and unexpectedly 一下子；突然All at once there was a loud banging on the door. 突然传来重重的敲门声。19. become/feel uncomfortable with 对感到不自在对校园生活我们可能感到舒心或不舒心，这完全取决于我们的心态。campus life; depend on; ones state of mind We may feel comfortable or uncomfortable with our campus life, all depending on our states of mind.20. outweigh vt. be more important or valuable than sth. else 比更重要；比更有价值The advantages of the new policy outweigh the disadvantages. 这项新政策利大于弊。21. X is the soul/source/root of Y as it does Z.金钱是幸福之本，或是万恶之源，因为它能拯救你的灵魂，也能出卖你的灵魂。In this context, X = “money”, Y = “happiness” as well as “all evil”, Z = “your soul”, and “does” = “save” as well as “sell”. So the new declarative knowledge arises as follows:Money is the source of happiness or the root of all evil as it can save or sell your soul.22. to take pleasure/delight in doing sth. 乐于做某事他总是乐于向周围的人伸出援助之手。(take a great pleasure in / lend a helping hand) He always takes great pleasure in lending a helping hand to people around him.Text Questions1. Main idea of Part I?The president congratulates students on their achievement and reminds students of the fact that their current success was due to their own and their parents efforts, and that their future is built on a solid foundation of the past.2. In Para. 4, he reminds the freshmen to make the most of the next four-year experience. Why?Because “you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students, a learned _, a comprehensive library, great sports _, and student organizations covering every possible interest. You will have the freedom to _ and learn about new subjects. You will learn to get by on very little sleep, meet _ people, and _ new passions.” 3. In Para. 5, he encourages the freshmen to challenge themselves. How does he advise them?With too many fascinating things to do and too many new courses to take on the campus, students are far from able to experience them all. So the president gives his advice: “Challenge yourself!” To be concrete, he advises them to try new subjects, try something they dont know, cultivate new interests and pursue new passions. As a good example of this, Vera Wang turned her love of fashion, rather than her major, into her lifelong prosperous career.4. What unpleasant experiences are described in Para. 6? The student next door may repeatedly play the same song, which gives you a giant headache; While you may be an early bird, your roommate is a night owl. 5. What does the president encourage them to do?He pushes them to meet new experiences, as he says: I promise that the happy outweigh the unhappy; I promise that all of them will provide you with valuable lessons which will enrich your life. 6. What does he share with the freshmen in Para. 7?Responsibilities go hand in hand with opportunities.you will soon come to recognize that with the _ opportunities for self-enrichment provided by the university, there also come _. You are the _ of the hard work of your families and the hard work of many countless others who came before you. They built and _ the knowledge you will need to succeed. Now it is your turn. What will you do to build a strong and _ future for the generations that will come after you?Main idea of the