（浙江专用）2020高考英语二轮复习 专题五 层级三 题型应对策略 第一讲 应用文写作教案.doc

层级三题型应对策略第一讲应用文写作书信书信是人们在日常生活和工作中进行交际的工具之一。书信写作在近几年的高考作文中考得比较多，所考的书信格式也比较简单。但由于民族语言和习惯上的差异， 英语信件在书写格式及表达方式上与汉语不大一样， 有些地方迥然不同。因此我们了解一些英语书信的正规写法还是非常有必要的。英文书信分为两大类：公务信件和私人信件。公务信件是单位与单位或单位与个人之间来往的书信， 可能是推荐信、求职信、入学申请书、邀请信， 或询问、答复、反映意见(如投诉信)等的信件。私人信件是指亲戚朋友之间的通信。一、书信的构成这两类书信各有自己的格式。公务信件要求比较严格。 一般格式：英文书信的构成可分为7个部分：信头(heading)，日期(date), 收信人姓名及地址(inside name and address), 称呼(salutation), 信文(body of the letter), 结束语(complimentary close), 署名(signature)。一般说来， 私人信件不拘形式。随着互联网的发展与普及， 电子邮件已逐步代替书信。电子邮件类似书信， 但格式往往更简洁、 更随便。1信头信头是指发信人的单位名称或地址。一般情况下发信人只需把自己的地址写在信的右上角， 离开信纸的顶头约1英寸， 占二三行或四行均可， 格式如下： 齐头式 缩进式 2日期年份应写全， 例如不能用 “18” 来代替 “2018”。 月份应写英文名称， 除may, july外， 可用缩写， 如：sept., oct.。但不要用数字来代替， 如7/8/18 或7, 8, 18, 因为在英国此日期代表 7th august, 2018。日期可用1, 2, 3, 411, 1221, 2231等， 也可用1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th11th, 21st, 22nd31st等。日期的几种写法：ajuly 7, 2018b1st october, 2018c30 nov., 2018 dsept.3rd, 2018特别注意英文书信日期应紧接着写信人地址下一行， 不能像写中文书信那样写在书信签名之后。3地址地址的书写顺序由小到大：门牌号、街道、城市、省(州)、邮编、国名， 最后写发信日期。 私人信件一般只写寄信日期即可。如：123 tianhe roadtianhe districtguangzhou 510 620 guangdong provincepr.c.jan.8, 20184称呼称呼指的是信文开头的那种称呼， 如dear, mr., uncle等， 各种称呼因人而异。对女子常用ms./mrs./miss；对男子用mr.；对教授或博士(医生)用prof.或dr.。称呼直接写在收信人地址的正下方， 中间空一至二行。称呼后面一般用逗号， 但也有用冒号的。现归纳如下：对父母、兄弟、姐妹等：a.father，b.my dear mother，c.dear sister, ddear tom；对亲戚：a.my dear auntie, bdear cousin, cmy dear cousin；对朋友、同学：a.my dear friend, bdear mr. jackson, cmy dear mr. jackson, ddear sir；对未婚女子：a.dear miss luce, bmy dear miss luce; 对一般女子， 不论是否结婚：a.madam, bdear madam; 对已婚女子：a.dear mrs. helen jackson, bmy dear mrs. helen jackson; 对公司、工厂、学校等：a.dear sirs，b.sirs, cgentlemen；如果不知收信人的性别： dear sir or madam。5信文信文是信件的主体部分， 也就是信的内容。正文应在称呼下两行开始。信的开头第一个字母通常和称呼开头第一个词平齐。也有往后退四个或八个字母的。正文是书信的主体。与中文信件不同的是， 英文书信的正文的开头不是先写一些问候语， 再阐明写信的目的， 而是直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的， 然后提出写信人的情况、想法或要求， 并加以必要的解释或说明。英文书信陈述目的时， 应该直截了当， 意思明确， 层次清楚， 言简意赅。 书信正文的第一句话或第一段， 通常被称为起首语。一般来说， 人们习惯用一些客套的写法作为书信正文的起始， 即先将对方来信的日期、主题加以简单描述， 以便使对方一看便知该信是回答哪一封信的。如果是第一次给别人写信， 也可用开头语作必要的自我介绍， 并表明自己写信的主要目的。 下面介绍一些高考英语书信的开头语段和结尾语段：(1)开头语段：(2019全国卷书面表达)i am li hua, a student from china, who is studying in london during the summer holiday.我叫李华，是一名来自中国的学生。暑假期间我在伦敦学习。(2017浙江卷6月书面表达)i plan to go for an outing, and i would like to invite you to participate.我计划去郊游，我想邀请你参加。(2017全国卷书面表达)i am writing to inform you of the course schedule of the next class, which is about poetry of the tang dynasty.我给你写信是想告诉你我们下次上课时关于唐代诗歌的计划安排。(2017全国卷书面表达)im li hua, one of your students. im writing to invite you to visit the papercutting exhibition. papercutting is one of chinese traditions and im sure you will like it.我是您的学生李华。我给您写信邀请您参观剪纸艺术展览。剪纸艺术是中国的一门传统艺术，我想您一定会喜欢的。(2017全国卷书面表达)im writing to invite you to join our school table tennis team. i have been told that our school team is recruiting new members. knowing that you are keen on playing table tennis, i wonder if youd like to join.我写信主要是邀请你参加我们学校的乒乓球队。我得知我们校队正在招收新队员。知道你喜爱乒乓球，我想知道你是否愿意参加。(2019浙江卷6月书面表达)hearing that you will return to your country soon, i feel a bit upset.听到你不久以后要回国，我感到伤心。(2)结尾语段：(2017浙江卷6月书面表达)a: i really hope you can make it. and i do look forward to receiving your reply letter as soon as possible.我真心希望你能参加，盼望尽早收到你的回信。b: if you have time, you are always welcome to join us.如果你能有时间，欢迎你能加入我们这次郊游。(浙江卷10月书面表达)looking forward to seeing you!best wishes.盼望早日见到你！请接受我最美好的祝愿。(2017全国卷书面表达)ill appreciate it if you can reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.如果在你方便时能尽早回复，我将不胜感激。(2017全国卷书面表达)i wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn traditional chinese culture further.looking forward to your reply.我愿您能抓住这次更深刻了解中国传统文化的机会。盼望您的回复。(2017全国卷书面表达)a：i would appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.如果你能在方便时尽早回复，我将不胜感激。b：if you want to apply for membership, you are required to fill in the application form and send an email to . the deadline is july 20th.i wish you success in your application!如果你想申请队员资格，你需要填写申请表，并往发邮件。截止日期7月20日。愿你申请成功！6结束语 结尾套语写在签名上面一行， 第一个字母要大写， 套语结尾后面要加逗号。结束语的一般写法如下：业务书信常用：yours faithfully, faithfully yours, yours truly, truly yours, sincerely yours等。公函常用：yours respectfully, respectfully yours, yours sincerely等。私人书信常用：sincerely yours, yours very sincerely, yours affectionately, yours ever等。给亲戚朋友的信常用：love, all my love, your (ever) loving son/daughter/cousin, etc., your affectionate nephew, lovingly yours等。7署名写信人的签名常位于结束语正下方一二行。除非是给很熟悉的人写信， 签名一般须写出全名。个人署名：w.j.watson, tom williams等。 公司署名：legend computer company, wang lin, sales manager等。二、书信写作常用套句it is so great to hear from you again.it is a great pleasure for me to.with great delight i learned that.i must apologize for not writing to you sooner.1建议：in my experience, it seems that.would make sense in your situation.in my opinion, it would be wise for you to take the following actions.2感谢i truly appreciate your kindness.thank you from the bottom of my heart for.3道歉i apologize most sincerely for.i am so sorry to have put you through so much trouble.4邀请we would be honored to have you there with us.i will cover all the expenses involved.5抱怨i very much regret to have to inform you that.we will appreciate your willingness to make up for the loss.i hope that the above situation will be improved as soon as possible.6咨询i would like to request some information about.should i need to send further materials, please let me know.7求职i hope i may be granted an interview.三、书信的分类 (一)普通信件典题感悟文体分析假如你是李华，昨天你收到了美国笔友jennifer的email。她询问高考之后你的暑假打算，请你就以下内容给她回一封邮件。1.出行计划：到海南旅游；2.读书计划：读两本早就想读却没有时间读的小说；3.社会实践计划：与一些同学参加保护环境的宣传活动。注意：1. 词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；_电子邮件/书信类作文一般分为三段：第一段常常引出话题，在该篇文章中，话题为暑假及其安排；第二段为电子邮件或书信的正文，一般从几个方面展开说明或论述；该篇文章从三个方面具体说明暑假计划内容；第三段常常表达祝福、祝愿。参考范文亮点展示dear jennifer，i am very glad to hear from you.yes，i am busy preparing for the coming college entrance examination，after which i will have a long summer vacation.my number one plan for the holidays is to take a trip to hainan, enjoying beautiful nature and relaxing my tired body thereyou cannot imagine how exhausted i am now.besides, i am going to read two novels which i have been wanting to read but cant find time to do.finally, i will take part in an activity about raising the publics environmental awareness with some of my classmates.best wishes. yours，li hua句中的亮点较多：使用了较高级的非限制性定语从句；准确使用了两种时态一般现在时和一般将来时；短语be busy doing形象地表明了作者的现状。句用“”连接两个并列句；在前一个分句中使用了非谓语的各种形式。句中过渡词besides巧妙地连接了一、二两个计划，在which引导的定语从句中含有but引导的两个并列句。句是个高级的简单句，其中含有一些高级词汇，比如：raising the publics environmental awareness等。续表写作指导书信作文模板dear_，开头：i am extremely pleased to hear from you.and i would like to write a letter to tell you that_/how nice to hear from you again.let me tell you something about _.(正文内容)i will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience./i am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.结尾：best regards for your health and success.im looking forward to your reply./with best wishes, id appreciate it if you could reply earlier.sincerely yours, _【跟踪训练】假定你是李华，暑假期间，你的美国朋友jeff将来杭州看望你，并和你一起生活两周。请你给他写一封电子邮件，告知他以下事项：1两周主要活动安排；2届时杭州的天气情况和需要带的物品。注意：1.词数80左右；2开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。hi，jeff，glad to learn that you are coming to hangzhou during the summer vacation._looking forward to your arrival!yours，li huaone possible version：hi，jeff，glad_to_learn_that_you_are_coming_to_hangzhou_during_the_summer_vacation.im sure youre going to have lots of fun and learn much about chinese culture.well mainly go touring around hangzhou and places nearby.i will show you the best part of natural and cultural sites.that way, you may get a rough idea of what life in china is like.it will be hot during the summer vacation, so you only need to take some tshirts and shorts.dont forget your sports shoes as well do a lot of walking.looking_forward_to_your_arrival!yours，li_hua (二)投诉信典题感悟文体分析假定你是李华，两周前你从网上购买的一套书虫系列读物(bookworm series)昨天才到货，且包装破损，数量不足。请就此向网店客服写邮件投诉。要点如下：1.介绍购物情况；2.反映存在问题；3.提出解决方案。注意：1. 词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。to whom it may concern，_looking forward to your reply.li hua投诉信作文一般分为三段：第一段阐述问题发生的经过。在该篇文章中，作者简述了从网上购买的一套书虫系列读物昨天才到货，且存在包装破损，数量不足问题。第二段对存在的问题提出抱怨，并提出解决问题的方案。本文作者提出退货或换货。第三段常常催促对方抓紧解决问题。参考范文亮点展示to_whom_it_may_concern， im one of your customers. i ordered a set of bookworm series on your website two weeks ago, but i didnt receive them until yesterday. and much to my disappointment, the books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn and i found one book missing. im sorry to have received such poor service.i hope that you either return my money or deliver a new set of books to me. besides, id like to be informed of the process of your dealing with my complaint.looking_forward_to_your_reply.li_hua本文使用了较高级从句、句式(so.that, find.missing, and much to my disappointment, id like to be informed of)；准确使用了多种时态一般现在时和一般过去时和现在完成时等。过渡词besides巧妙地引出要求对方正确对待作者的抱怨。续表写作指导1.文章结构(1)首段：注意客气礼貌a.自我介绍；b.引出投诉内容；c.表明目的要求。(2)主体：展开说明投诉原因、具体理由或后果，注意内容充实，符合交际习惯。详细说明情况，中肯提出问题；提出改进建议，表明希望如何解决；拓展题目内容，尤其要强调问题不解决所带来的后果。(3)尾段：提出解决方案，不用展开，注意公平、公正、礼貌原则。表达强烈愿望，希望上述问题得到迅速恰当的解决；有时可就问题的解决限定时间；对有关人员的努力表示感谢；希望尽快得到满意答复。 2.常用表达(1)首段i am sorry to trouble you but i am afraid that i have to make a serious complaint.很抱歉打扰您，但我必须郑重提出投诉。i am sorry to tell you that there should be cause to complain about.我很遗憾地告诉你投诉有关的事由。 i really hate to complain, but one thing is really disturbing now.我真的很讨厌抱怨，但最近有一件事情确实令人烦心。(2)主体it arrived on time the day before yesterday. but when i checked it, i found a hole in the middle. i was astonished because the hole was obvious and i didnt think you should neglect this deficiency(缺陷).它是前天按时到的。但是当我检查时，我发现中间有个洞。我很震惊，因为这个洞很明显，我认为你们不应该忽略这个缺陷。i have dialed your service number for several times but it was always busy.我多次拨打你们的服务电话，但它总是占线。now this problem keeps worrying me.现在这个问题一直在困扰我。to improve the situation, you can take the following measures.为了改善状况，你们可以采取下面的措施。你们可以尽快给我换件新的吗？i insist you change a new one for me or give me a refund(退款)我坚持你们给我换件新的或者给我退款。(3)尾段i think its high time that you realized.我认为是你认识到的时候了。we know that you are not generally careless, but we should like your assurance that this will not happen again.我们深知你们并不经常出错，但我们希望能确保这类差错不再发生。 i must warn you that unless you do something about the situation, i will be forced to take legal action.我必须警告贵方，除非对目前状况采取措施，否则我将被迫诉诸法律。frankly, i am not prepared to put up with the situation any more.坦率地说，我不再准备继续忍受这种状况。i would be very grateful if you could look into the matter as soon as possible. and i am looking forward to an early reply.如果您能尽快调查此事，我将不胜感激。期待您尽快回复。3.写作流程图 4.投诉信写作模板dear_，i am _(自我介绍)i feel bad to trouble you but i am afraid that i have to make a complaint about_.the reason for my dissatisfaction is _(总体介绍)in the first place, _(抱怨的第一个方面)in addition，_(抱怨的第二个方面)under these circumstances, i find it _(感觉)to_(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果).i appreciate it very much if you could _(提出建议和请求), preferably _(进一步的要求), and i would like to have this matter settled by _(设定解决事情的最后期限)thank you for your consideration and i will be looking forward to your reply.yours, _【跟踪训练】假如你是李华，因业务到广州出差，于5月3日至5日住在一家知名酒店5016房间，空调不能调温，也关不上，找服务员处理，他不但不予处理，还耻笑你。你找经理解决，她答应解决，但始终没人修理。请你写一封投诉信，就此种情况进行投诉。注意：1.词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。dear sir/madam, i am writing to you to complain about your hotel.i had a terrible stay in room 5016 of your hotel from the 3rd to the 5th of may, when i came to guangzhou on business._yours faithfully，li huaone possible version：dear_sir/madam,_i_am_writing_to_you_to_complain_about_your_hotel.i_had_a_terrible_stay_in_room_5016_of_your_hotel_from_the_3rd_to_the_5th_of_may,_when_i_came_to_guangzhou_on_business.the airconditioning in my room could not be turned down or switched off.when i asked the reception staff to do something about it, he laughed and told me it was better than being hot.i asked your front of house manager and she told me she would send someone to my room immediately.no one came.as a result, i was very cold every time i was in the room.in future, i will not be staying at your hotel again and will inform my business associates of the terrible service.yours_faithfully,_li_hua(三)建议信典题感悟参考范文假设你是李明，你的外籍同学mike对于新高考的选课有一些疑虑，请根据以下要点写一封信，给mike提几点选课建议，内容包括：1.考虑大学招生要求和未来发展；2.考虑自身兴趣和特长；3.多了解相关信息。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_dear mike，i heard youve had problems with the course selection.here are some tips that may help.some universities have different standards for prospective students，including which subject they should learn during high school.so you are advised to take university requirements and your future development into consideration.additionally，it is quite good if you can decide your own future path based on your interests and advantages.for more information，youd better access some related websites.i hope my advice can help you make a wise decision.sincerely yours，li ming写作指导1.写作要点(1)建议信的内容：作者就有关问题进行分析，并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。(2)建议信的对象：写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；写给某个组织和机构，就改进其服务提出建议或忠告。注意：建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、理由充足，具有合理性和说服力。语气和用词要恰当，如果收信人是长者，则宜采用严谨、谦虚、正式的语言；如果对方是亲密的朋友，语言就可以亲切自然一些。2.文章结构(1)开门见山，点明写信的目的是提建议。(2)讲清楚提建议的理由及应采取的具体措施，层次分明。(3)呼应开头，指出所提建议的意义，并发出号召或提出希望，礼貌结束全文。3.常用表达(1)开头id like to give you some advice on the problem you are faced with.i am writing to express my views concerning.it is my pleasure to offer you some advice on.(2)正文my suggestions are as follows.may i suggest that you.i really hope that.what about.？how about.？if i were you, i would.it would be better if.when it comes to such a situation, i would like to suggest that you.(3)结束语if you could take what i suggest seriously, you would.if you can take my suggestions into consideration，.i hope they will be helpful.i hope you will find these proposals/ideas helpful/useful.4.写作流程图 5.建议信写作模板dear_， i am writing to you to.it is my pleasure to _(表明写作意图).as_， _is getting more and more important./nowadays, there is a growing concern on _(阐明现象)as _， i am writing this letter to express my view concerning_(引出建议).the main problem in _ is that _(建议的原因)i really hope that _another suggestion is to _(阐述建议的具体内容)i _(表达愿望).thank you! i hope you will find my suggestions helpful.(表示感谢)yours sincerely，_【跟踪训练】(2019浙江九校一模)假如你是mary，你的好友陈洁最近因为考试频率过高，课业繁重，感到身体不适，严重影响了学习。因此，她发email给你，寻求你的建议和帮助。请你根据以下要点提示予以回复。内容要点：1健康合理的饮食；2有规律且适度的运动；3注意：1.词数80左右；2开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数；3可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。dear chen jie，i feel so sorry to hear that you are feeling bad these days._yours sincerely，maryone possible version：dear_chen_jie，i_feel_so_sorry_to_hear_that_you_are_feeling_bad_these_days. in your letter you asked me how to stay healthy and keep attentive in class. the following are my suggestions. healthy eating habits are very important. so youd better have your meals on time and keep a balanced diet. then, taking morning exercise every day is a nice choice, which helps to build up your body. you can do some sports to refresh yourself if weather permits. finally, dont stay up too late; otherwise youll suffer a lot every night. i believe it would be beneficial if you could follow my suggestions. hope youll feel well soon. yours_sincerely,_mary(四)邀请信典题感悟参考范文假定你是李华，得知外教mr. hall寒假不回国，想邀请他到你家过春节。 请给他写一封信，内容包括：1.时间； 2.一同过节的家人；3.活动。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_dear mr. hall，i hear that youre not going to go back to your country in the coming winter vocation, so im writing to invite you to spend the spring festival with my family together.if you considerately accept my invitation, ill ask my parents to pick you up next monday and drive you straight to my house where my brother, sister and grandparents will all be in.the spring festival plays a significant role in every chinese life, so various activities are indispensable in adding flavor to the festival. well have a big feast together, gath