2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案汇总[1].doc

2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案汇总一、写作部分For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commentingon the humorous saying, Quitting smoking is the easiest thing inthe world. Ive done it hundreds of times. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words。Nothing Succeeds Without aStrong WillNo great work can be performedwithout will. We envy famous men and imagine that fame was due tosome trick of luck. But when we know their histories, we find thatit is long years of will and constant effort that have broughtabout their success. Just as we cant reach the top of a mountainwithout climbing, we cant achieve success without will。The modern society providespeople with more opportunities than before, and there are storieswhich tell us the possibility of becoming successful overnight.Actually that is not the case. Before these people becomesuccessful, a lot of hard work has been done, unnoticed mostly.What we usually see is the result, but what we ignore is a longprocess of struggling forward and wrestling with internal orexternal obstacles. Take “quitting smoking” for example, which is ,to most people , a difficult task, so people always give up theidea for they dont have the strong will。In a nutshell, strong will isan important condition or role of the success the individual shoulddesire to maintain forever. There is no instant success in thisworld. Strong will is the best policy to make your life distinctand your dreams come true。本次四级考试听力短对话前四题11-14首先从题型上来看，11题是建议请求类，考生在备考阶段反复背诵，以及课堂上反复强调的“why not 。”引出建议，不容错过；12题是转这类与条件关系类相结合，“but”与“I wish I could have 。”，是平时授课和考生练习的重点与难点；13题稍微复杂点，首先它满足转这类与因果类题型相结合，同时答案的重点落在了第一个说话人身上；课堂上我们与学生分享，总有那么一道题，第一个人说的话会重要，那么此题亦是；同样，如果听懂，第二个说话人的 but 与 because 等内容，也能推断出答案的。14题是肯定与否定题型，不过问题设置的比较简单，考生只要能听懂期中一人的内容，或者听懂一些关键词，即可选对地点。这是从题型上来解析这些题。然后我们看一下，从场景出发：11题是交通购票类。我们在课堂上，与同学们分享过交通词，与娱乐购票词，相信这些词都难不倒大家，同时出现的 schedule 与 confused 等词也是反复强化过的。12题是娱乐场景，关于看电视的，其中暗含的虚拟语气语法点，要求考生掌握；13题是交通场景，其中的 Airport ,please the fastest way , a lot of traffic等词都容易帮学生锁定题目；14题是餐厅场景，recommendation 与 seafood 等词很快烘托出答案。当然学生在考场中，肯定是将十八般武艺全都用上，尽量选对答案。本次四级听力短对话的后四题的话题分别是“工作”、“校园住房”、“学习”、“天气”，都属于我们课上强调的“听力10大场景”，所以如果考生在上考场之前有再复习一下这几类场景词的话，听懂意思完全是没有问题的。15题中有position, appeal to, sales manager, vacant，其中特别重要的是position和vacant,很明显这个男的是想要申请该公司的销售经理职位，如果这个职位还是空缺的话，所以答案应该是男的在找工作。16题中有dormitory, privacy, rent an apartment，学生在学校住房一般都不会对宿舍环境太满意，在这题中，男的觉得在宿舍中无法保护自己的隐私，女的虽然很理解他的想法，但是题目中的but非常明显的表示答案应该在后面。女的相对而言还是比较理性，她建议男人先看一下租房的费用，所以推测出的答案应该是女的建议男的还是待在宿舍。17题中有topic, research paper,这个对话体现的是学生写论文的通病。一般都是选择的话题过大，需要缩小范围。从对话中我们可以推测出两人在讨论写论文。18题中有picnic, weather, inside，这个关于天气类的对话算是后4道中稍难一些的，因为有单词cooperative，表示的意思是“合作的”，也就是说天气这次在野餐中还是很配合的，看来两个人野餐时光也是度过得很开心。总结来说，这后4道短对话的话题还是考生所熟悉的，技巧也是我们时常提醒的“转折后面有考题”，所以要抓住4道中的3道难度还是不大。(杨芳 宋倩倩)话题类别：文化类文章大意：本文通过一段美国艺术家的演讲引出“人与人交往过程中因为文化差异产生的问题”。先讲到很多日本的听众在演讲的过程中是紧闭双眼的，在演讲者看来，这是不尊重(respect)的表现。然而后来才知道在日本文化的理念中，事实相反，这恰恰是听众增进集中度(enhance concentration)的表现。学习“不同文化的标志”(different culture signal)可以使你避免误解(avoid misunderstanding)。在北美文化中，聋哑人拍手(clapping)并不意味着赞同，有时他们会用挥手(waving in the air)代替。在北美少数名族的文化中，直视(look directly)演讲者，被视为不尊重(disrespect)。他们会用关注大体方向(looking in general direction)表达。在一些国家，吹口哨(whistling)被视为赞同(approval)，但在另一些国家则被视为侮辱(insult)。考题解析：26. ”What did ACs speech focus on?” 问演讲者关注的的什么。27. Why do Japanese sometimes close their eyes while listening to a speech？为什么 日本观众会在演讲过程中紧闭双眼。28. What does the speaker try to explain？演讲者试图说些什么？二、快速阅读What is Integrity?Integrity is defined as adherence to moral and ethical principles; honesty. The key to integrity is consistency-not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making lifes hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation。What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals。Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future。Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we cant see the risks were taking, we cant make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesnt know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is unintentional does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense。But Everybody Does ItMost people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks theyre taking by using excuses: Everyone else does it, Im not hurting anyone, or I really need this grade. Excuses can get very elaborate: I know Im looking at anothers exam, even though Im supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but thats not cheating because Im just checking my answers, not copying. We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing were not doing anything wrong, we cant see the real choice were making-and that leads to bad decisions。To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If youd rather hide your actions, thats a good indication that youre taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself。Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits (whats in it for me)， and simply havent considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a 0 on a test or assignment; an F in the class; Suspension or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there arent many things that fall in this category。Getting Away With It-Or NotThose who dont get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesnt learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesnt get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems easier. This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didnt get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works。Cheating Hurts Others, TooCheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions dont count and dont really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating poisons the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. (If I dont cheat, I cant compete with those who do.) Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, Im not interested in what youre trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others. The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree。Why Integrity MattersIf cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldnt put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist-the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nations economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education。In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live。Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _。A) sticks to them in their daily lifeB) makes them known to othersC) understands their true valuesD)sees that others also follow them2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?A) It helps to create team spiritB) It facilitates communicationC) It is the basis of mutual trustD) It inspires mutual respect3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？A. To ensure we make responsible choices。B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress。C. so that we dont break any rules。D. so that we dont run into trouble。4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _?A. it has caused no harm。B. it is claimed to be unintentional。C. it has gone unnoticed。D. it is committed with good intentions。5. What should one do if he doesnt wish to fool himself?A. Avoid making excuses。B. Listen to other peoples advice。C. Make his intensions public。D. Have others watch over his shoulder。6. Those who take risks they regret later on _。A. will often become more cautiousB. are usually very aggressiveC. value immediate benefits most。D. may lose everything in the end7. According to the author, a cheater who doesnt get caught right away will _。A) pay more dearlyB) become more confidentC) be widely admiredD) feel somewhat lucky8. Cheaters at exam dont care about their education, all they care about is how to stealing a grade9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on peoples honesty and good faith。10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of the Watergate scandal。深度阅读：这篇深度阅读属于教育类，涉及对教育体制的探讨-男女分校还是男女合校，而且着重分析分校教育给男学生带来的最大好处：有助于其文化艺术领域以及情感的培养等。教育类话题基本以批判为主，而且出题点和角度通常是呼吁教育改革或者教学模式来让学生的利益最大化。新研究认为，传统教学模式下，女生先天具有的语言和情感的优势使得男生不得不改变身份，按照角色定式来强迫自己表现的有男子汉气概。而事实上，男生更具有敏锐的视角，空间感知能力，血气方刚，诗性逻辑等。老师可以根据这些男性风格特质来量体裁衣，采取灵活的授课方法来发掘男生这些潜在特质，使得他们形成更天然完善的人格。57. 【C】encourage boys to express their emotions more freely考察人物观点的细节题。根据single-sex school 定位至第三段第一句：boys at single-sex schools were said to. That helped develop their emotional expressiveness. 有助于情感的表达。C 项encourage 和develop 同义，expressiveness 和express 词性转换。58. 【A】perform relatively better此题属于隐性定位的细节题。对大部分考生来说可能比较难以定位。但是如果定准确了答案迎刃而解。It is commonly believed that似乎没有找到类似的定位词，但是原文 go against received wisdom that , received wisdom 即为普遍接受的智慧，即commonly believed. 所以答案为do better 的替换，即perform relatively better。59. 【C】it fails to give boys the attention they need细节题。由大写人名和British education 定位至第5段第二行。It had become too focused on girls. 此题B具有迷惑性，但细看意思是不对的。C项对原句进行反义解释，即fail to give boys = too focused on girls 60. 【A】teaching can be tailed to suit the characteristics of boys细节题。定位至倒数第三段第一行。Teachers can tailor their lessons to boys learning style. 从老师的角度讲教学方式 tailor . to ，所以答案锁定A和D，但是D 很明显不对，所以C显而易见。61. 【C】They have sharper vision典型的是非细节题判断。根据人名定位至第8段第二行。Boys generally have more acute vision, learn. 所以B项为正确项。三、听力部分听力长对话原文：2011年12月17日大学英语四级考试听力之长对话第一篇原文：M: When I say Ilive inSweden, people always want to know about the seasons。W: The seasons?M: Yeah, you know,how cold itis in winter, why its light in the day is so short?W: So what is itlike?M: Well, itscold, very coldin winter, sometimes as cold as 26 degrees below centigrade.And ofcourse, when you go out, you wrap up warm, but inside, in thehouses, itsalways very warm, much warmer than at home. Swedishpeople always complain thatwhen they visit England, the houses arecold even when theyre in winter. W: And what aboutthedarkness?M: Oh, yeah,around Christmastime, theres only one hour of daylight, so you really lookforwardto the spring. Its sometimes a bit depressing, but youll see thesummersare amazing. From May to July in the north of Sweden, thesun never sets. Itsstill light at mid-night. You can walk in themountains and read a newspaper。W: Oh, yeah, theLand of theMid-night Sun。M: Thats right,but itswonderful. You want to stay up all night and the Swedens madethemost of it. Often they start work early in summer and then leaveat about 2 or3 in the afternoon so that they can really enjoy thelong summer evenings. Theylike to work hard, but play hard too. Ithink Londoners work longer hours, but Imnot sure this is a goodthing。Question 19: Whatdo we learnabout the man from the conversation?Question 20: Whatdo Swedishpeople complain about when they visit England in winter?Question 21: How doesthe mandescribe the short hour of daylight around Christmas inSweden？Question 22: Whatdoes the mansay about the Swedish people?2011年12月17日大学英语四级考试听力之长对话第二篇原文：W: What kind oftraining doesone need to go into this type of job?M: Thats a verygoodquestion. I dont think there is any, specifically。W: For example, inyour case,whats your educational background?M: Well, I get adegree inFrench in Nottingham, after that, Idid careers work in secondaryschools, like the careers guidance people herein the university.Then I went into local government, because I found I wasmoreinterested in the administrative side. Then progressed on touniversities.So there isnt any plan and specific training. Thereare plenty of trainingcourses in management techniques andcommittee work which you can attend now。W: But in thefirst place, youdid a French degree。M: In my time,there wasnt adegree you could do for administration. I think most oftheadministrators Ive come across have degrees in all sorts ofthings。W: Well, I know inmy case Idid an English Literature degree and I didnt really expect to endupdoing what Im doing now。M: Quite。W: Were you localtoNottingham actually? Is there any reasonwhy you went to NottinghamUniversity?M: No, no. I comefrom thenorth of Englandfrom west Yorkshire, Nottingham is onetheuniversities I put on my list and I like the look of it. Thecampus is justbeautiful。W: Yes, indeed.Lets see,were you from the industrial part of Yorkshire?M: Yes, from theWoolendistrict。Questions 23 to 25are basedon the conversation you have just heard。Question 23：What was themans major at university?Question 24：What was themans job in secondary schools?Question 25：What attractedthe man to Nottingham University?第三篇短文Proverbs, sometimes calledsayings are examples of folk with them. Little listens whicholder people of the culture pass down to the younger people toteach them about life. Many proverbs remind people of the valuesthat are important in the culture .Values teach people how to act,what is right and what is wrong,. Because the values of the eachculture are different, understanding the values of another culturehelps explain how people think and act. Understanding your owncultural values is important too. if you can accept that peoplefrom other cultures act according to their values ,not yours,getting along with them will be much easier ,Many proverbs arevery old ,so some of the values they teach may not be as importantin the culture as they once were ,For example ,Americans today donot pay much attention to the proverb “haste makes waste ”，becausepatience is not important to them .but if you know about pastvalues ,it helps you to understand the present .and many of theolder values are still strong today .Benjamin Franklin ,a famousAmerican diplomat ,writer and scientist, died at 1790 ,but hisproverb “time is money ”is taken more seriou