现在完成时精品PPT幻灯片课件.ppt

现在完成时 ThePresentPerfectTense 1 现在完成时的基本结构 have has 动词过去分词 has用于第三人称单数 2 过去分词的变化 1 规则变化 3 不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律 AAA put put putlet let letABA become became becomeABB stand stood stoodABC eat ate eaten 4 AAA cost cost costread read readput put putcut cut cutlet let letset set sethit hit hithurt hurt hurt原形 过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词 结尾字母一般是t或d 特殊 动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致 read read read 但发音分别是 ri d red red 5 有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的 run ran runcome came comebecome became becomeovercome overcame overcome ABA 6 ABB 含规则动词 7 1 另有一些其它形式的变化 have has had hadleave left leftlose lost lostmake made madefeel felt feltspell spelt speltstand stood stood2 改变单词中间元音字母 sit sat sat babysit win won wonshine shone shonehold held heldfind found foundhear heard heardhang hung hanged hung hanged ABB 含规则动词 8 ABC 9 ABC 有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en 变成以en结尾的单词 take took takengive gave givenfall fell falleneat ate eatenwrite wrote writtenspeak spoke spokenfreeze froze frozenride rode riddenget got gotten got forget forgot forgotten forgot 特殊 am is was beenare were been do does did donego went gonesee saw seenshow showed shown showed lie lay lied lain lied 10 写出下列动词的过去分词形式 wake 2 teach 3 sell 4 see 5 ride 6 pay 7 choose 8 throw 9 think 10 eat 11 drive 12 catch 13 bring 14 break 15 give 16 get 17 know 18 open 19 write 20 forget wokentaughtsoldseenriddenpaidchosenthrownthoughteatendrivencaughtbroughtbrokengivengot gottenknownopenedwrittenforgotten 11 现在完成时的基本句型 12 改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答 Ihaveseenhimsincehisweddingday Ihaven tseenhimsincehisweddingday Haveyouseenhimsincehisweddingday Yes Ihave No Ihaven t 13 HehaswrittentomesinceIhavebeenill 改否定句和一般疑问句 Hashewrittentoyousinceyouhavebeenill Hehasn twrittentomesinceIhavebeenill Yes hehas No hehasn t 14 现在完成时的基本用法 一 表示在说话之前就已经完成的动作或存在的状态 它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系 常用的时间状语有already yet ever never just before等 It ssodark Someonehasturnedoffthelightalready 有人刚把灯关了 对现在造成的结果是 现在很黑 Areyoufree Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework Iamfree 我已经完成了家庭作业 对现在造成的结果是很有空 15 现在完成时中时间状语的用法区别 1 already在现在完成时中的用法肯定句 句中 助后实前 句末 己经 一般疑问句 句末 表示惊讶的语气 难道 I vealreadyhadbreakfast I vehadbreakfastalready 表示强调 Haveyouhadbreakfastalready 16 注 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时 判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词 Shehasalreadybeenlate 现在完成时 Shewasalreadylate 一般过去时 17 2 yet在现在完成时中的用法 否定句 句末 还 没 疑问句 句末 己经 Ihaven thadbreakfastyet Haveyouhadbreakfastyet 18 注 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时 already要变成yet放在句末 Ihavealreadydonemyhomework 否定句 一般疑问句 Ihaven tdonemyhomeworkyet Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet 19 3 ever在现在完成时中的用法 肯定句 疑问句 句中 曾经 I veeverbeentoBeijing HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing 20 4 never在现在完成时中的用法 否定句 句中 从来没有 I veneverbeentoBeijing 21 注 带ever的肯定句变否定句时 要将ever变成never 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用 No never Hehasevermadedumplings 否定句 一般疑 Havetheyevertravelledbytrain No never Hehasnevermadedumplings 22 5 just在现在完成时中的用法 用于句中 表示 刚刚 I vejusthadbreakfast Whathavetheyjustdone 23 6 before在现在完成时中的用法 用于句末 表示 以前 I veseenitbefore Hassheriddenabikebefore 24 二 表示一个从过去开始 一直持续到现在 有可能继续下去的动作或状态 通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用 现在完成时的基本用法 IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears 我已经学了10多年的英语 从10年前开始 持续到现在还在学 Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago 我已经游泳了半个小时 半个小时前已经开始游泳 到现在还在游 25 1 for Ihavebeenherefor5weeks He sstudiedEnglishfor3years 时间段 26 2 since 从句 一般过去时 词组 表示过去某一时间的 时间点 Ihavebeenheresince2000 Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000 27 since 自 以来 1 since 时间点Hehasstayedheresince5o clock 2 since 时间段 agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago 3 since 从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere for 长达 for 时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks since for的用法 28 6 ShehasknownSam nineyears for never since 7 Theyhave arrived ever just yet 8 Haveyou riddenahorse ever for yet 9 ShehasknownFred theywereatprimaryschool already just since 10 Wehavenotcompletedtheproject already for yet for just ever since yet 29 注1 对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong 决不能用when Ihavelivedherefor10years Howlonghaveyoulivedhere Shehasstoodheresince2hourago Howlonghasshestoodhere 30 注2 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用 误 Ihavelefttherefor5years 正 Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years 31 选用for和since填空 1 Wehaven tseeneachother alongtime 2 HisfatherhasbeenintheParty 10yearsago 3 Thefilmhasbeenon 20minutes 4 MrGreenhasworkedhere hecametoChina 5 Hisgrandparentshavebeendead severalyears 6 It sfiveyears wemetlasttime for since for since for since 32 瞬间动词与延续性动词 33 瞬间动词与时间段的关系 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时 但在肯定句 疑问句中不能与时间段的状语连用 常见的瞬间动词有 go come arrive leave begin borrow buy die fall stop start kill close graduate join finish lose等 TheyhaveleftShanghai Youcanborrowthebookfor2weeks X 若瞬间动词要接表示一段时间的状语 我们可用相应的延续性动词来代替瞬间动词 Youcankeepthebookfor2weeks 34 但在否定句中 短暂性动词可以与时间段连用 E g Ihaven tboughtthebikeforayear 我买这辆自行车还不到一年 Shehasn tcomehereforanhour 她来这儿还没有一个小时 35 瞬间动词与延续动词间的转换 36 5 短暂动词和延续动词转换 have keep behere beaway from beopen beclosed beon beover bedead haveacold beinterestedin bemarried 37 wear beup beawake beasleep bein beamemberof bein at 38 练习 判断 他到达车站半个小时了Hehasarrivedatthestationforhalfanhour Hehasbeenatthestationforhalfanhour Hearrivedatthestationhalfanhourago He theclubsincetwoyearsago JoinedB hasjoinedC hasbeenin翻译 这个电影已经放映十五分钟了 Thefilmhasbeenonforfifteenminutes X C 39 改错1 HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish 2 Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks 3 TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust 4 Ourmanagerisawaytoday HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness 5 Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears studied kept been gone been 40 have hasbeentohave hasgonetohave hasbeenin的用法区别 havebeento意思是 到过 去过 表示曾经到过某处 但现在人不在那儿 常与just ever never连用 TheyhavebeentoBeijing 去过北京 现在人在衡阳 havegoneto意思是 去了 表示已经去了某地 现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了 TheyhavegonetoBeijing 现在在北京或去北京的途中 havebeenin意思是 呆在某处一段时间了 常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用 TheyhavebeeninBeijingfortwoyears 在北京呆了两年 41 用have hasbeento和have hasgoneto填空1 Hi Lucy youeverBeijing No I 2 Whataboutyoursister Lucy Oh sheChengdu shewillcomebacknextweek Ok thanks You rewelcome havebeento haven t hasgoneto 42 用Havebeento havegoneto havebeenin填空 Mikeandhisparents thenorthforhalfayear Mumisnotathomenow she theshop youever tokunming Never Where you thesedays HasJimarrivedyet Yes he hereforseveraldays WhereisPeter Idon tknowwherehe HiJim Where you LiLeiislookingforyou havebeenin hasgoneto havebeen Havebeen hasbeen hasgone havebeen 43 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果 强调的是现在的情况 所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用 一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态 和现在不发生关系 可以和表示过去的时间状语连用 44 HehaslivedinBeijingsince1999 自1999年以来他一直住在北京 说明他现在仍然在北京 HelivedinBejingin1999 在1999年的时候他在北京住过 现在是否住在北京不知道 45 Itis 一段时间 since 句子 一般过去时 一段时间 haspassed since 句子 一般过去时 Eg ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy 46 eg HehasboughtanEnglish Chinesedictionary 他已经买了一本英汉字典 HeboughtanEnglish Chinesedictionary 他曾买过一本英汉字典 第一句用现在完成时时态 想表达意为 HeboughtanEnglish Chinesedictionary Andhestillhasit 过去他买了一本英汉字典 现在他还有这本字典 第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实 至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明 47 当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时 不用现在完成时 而用一般过去时 eg Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday 但since 自 以来 某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用 eg Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950 Sincehewasachild hehaslivedinEngland 48 常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语 yesterday 昨天 thedaybeforeyesterday 前天 justnow 刚才 时间 ago last 时间等 eg Theplanetookofftenminutesago Wefinishedourtasklastweek 49 用动词的适当形式填空 注意时态 1 you yourpen mend Yes I When you it I ityesterday 2 Howdoyoulikethefilm I notsee suchamovingfilmbefore 3 Millie ssister join theclublastweek Soshe be intheclubfornearlyoneweek Have mended have did mend mended haven tseen joined hasbeen 50 4 Myfather give up smoke Hedoesn t smoke now 5 TheGreenfamily notcome backyetfromthecinema They go toseeafilmonehourago 6 You notvisit yoursonforalongtime hasgiven smoking smoke haven tcome went haven tvisited 51 Translation 1 他昨天去北京了 2 他去北京两天了 HewenttoBeijingyesterday 现在是否住在北京不知道 HehasbeeninBeijingfortwodays 说明他现在仍然在北京 52 Practice 53 单项选择He working A havejuststartedB hasjuststartC hasjuststarsD hasjuststarted2 you yoursuitcaseyet Do packB Did packC Have packD Have packed3 I myroomalready havetidiedB hadtidiedC havetidiedD willtidy4 There severalmeetingsduringthepastfewdays A havebeenB hasbeenC willbeD are 54 5 I myplaneticket butIcan tfindit willbuyB wouldbuyC haveboughtD havebuyed6 WhathasDenisdone He overavase hasknockedB hadknockedC knockedD isknocking7 Everythingisallright nothing ishappenedB washappenedC willbehappenedD hashappened8 Theycan tbuyacomputerbecausethey alltheirmoney arespendingB havespentC spendD willspend 55 1 去年我去了苏州 WewenttoSuzhoulastyear 2 我每天早上7 00起床 Igetupat7 00everyday 3 下个星期我要去看望我的老师 Iamgoingtovisitmyteachernextweek 4 看 那边有个女孩在哭 Look Thegirliscryingoverthere 5 汤姆去过北京2次了 TomhasbeentoBeijingtwice 6 他住在那儿已经有十年了 Hehaslivedtherefortenyear 56 练习 自从我来到这正好两天 ItisjusttwodayssinceIcamehere TwodayshaspassedsinceIcamehere It be tenyearssinceI finish middleschool is hasbeenfinished 57 动词填空 1 you clean theroom Yes we do thatalready When you do it We do itanhourago 2 he see thisfilmyet Yes When he see it He itlastweek 3 Howmanytimes you be there Have cleaned havedone did do did Has seen did see saw have been 58 4 I read thenoveltwice It sinteresting 5 She go toPairs hasn tshe Yes How she go there She go therebyair 6 Sofar manycountries