医学专业英语文章词汇复习.doc

1.HypertensionStressExertiondiurnal cerebrovascular myocardial cardiac failure peripheral vascular disease renal failure idiopathic essential hypertensionSecondary hypertension End-organ ischaemic heart disease Left ventricular hypertrophy Renal impairment Peripheral vascular disease cardiac output peripheral resistance multiple factors serum cholesterol glucose intolerance prognosis diabetes mellitus hypercholesterolaemia myocardial infraction analgesic oral contraceptive pill polycystic kidney disease asymptomatic tinnitus recurrent epistaxis weight loss or gain tremor hair loss heat intolerance paroxysmal palpitation collapse phaeochromocytoma dyspnea, orthopnea ankle edema unilateral weakness visual disturbance electrolytes ECG, echocardiogramurine protein creatinine clearance vanillylmandelic acid 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid carcinoid syndrome urinary catecholamine urine cortisol excretion dexamethasone suppression test angiorensin-converting enzyme(ACE) renal artery stenosis angiotensin systolic blood pressure diastolic complications diuretic antiadrenergic agent calcium channel blocker vasodilator stagnation of liver Qi stirred liver Yang disturb the brain producing and transforming Qi and blood malnutrition of the brain store essence Overeating greasy or sweet food phlegm-fire apoplexy syncope red complexion poor appetite initial stage remission stage3.Chronic Atrophic GastritisChronic acuteAtrophic hypertrophyGastritis gastro-Histology histologistInflammation infectionLymphocytePlasmocyteNeutrophil neutrocyte neutroneosinophil eosinophiliaSuperficialMucosaGland adeno-MorphologyMetaplasiaClassify differentiationPylor- 幽门 pyloroscopy pylorotomy Antral antro- 窦antronasal antrodyniaAutoimmunityFundusAnemiaAntibodyParietalVitiligoThyroidthyroiditis thyroidismthyromegaly thyroigenoushaplotypeAchlorhydriaMegaloblastic megalo-Gastric acidHypergastrinemiaAntrectomyGastric atrophyPolymorphonuclearMultifocal adenocarcinomaSeropositiveSerologic testingPreventative measureLymphomaCytokineRegressAggressEndoscopyUpper gastrointestinal tractPhotography radiographyTissue biopsyRule outBlood lossUreaseBreath testSerum gastrinParenteralConsensusepisodeGastroesophageal refluxAcid suppressionDual therapyTriple therapyDrawbackSide effectAntisecretoryPseudomembranous colitisDiarrheaSkin rashAllergic reactionHepatotoxicityAnaphylaxis aphylaxisImproper dietStagnant liver-qi attacking stomachStagnant liver-qi turning into fireFire pathogen damaging stomach Yin cold / heat syndrome deficiency / excess syndromePreference for hot food / pressureAggravated / alleviated by Pricking / stabbing painDispersing coldRelieving painSoothing the liver Clearing away the heatRemoving blood stasisInvasion of cold pathogenOrexia anorexia orexigenicBitter taste in the mouthHeavy sensation in the head and bodyDyschesiaNormalize stomachDisharmony between liver and stomachRelieve painActivate collateralsStrengthen spleenDull painBurning painDry mouthPoor appetiteCracks on the tongueThready and rapid pulseNourish Yin and produce body fluidExercisesThe inflammation of the stomachGastritisAbnormal growth of the tissueMetaplasiaAbnormal immune reaction fighting itselfautoimmuneUnable to perfom normal functionDysfunctionThe serum level of gastrin is higher than normalHypergastrinemiaSeem like a tumor or cancerCarcinoidThe operation to remove the gastric antrumantrectomyWhite blood cellLeukocyteThe nucleus with several kinds of formPolymorphonuclearA cancer of epithelia orignating in glandular tissueAdenocarcinomasmall cell-signaling protein molecules cytokinea cancer in the lymphatic of the immune system and presents as a solid tumor of lymphoid cellsLymphomaan instrument used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body Endoscopea medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for examination biopsyA globulin protein used by the immune system to identify foreign objectsAntibodya pathological condition resulting from a disease, injury, or other trauma SequelaeInhibiting the secretionAntisecretory2.Angina Pectoriscoronary arterial insufficiency intermittent myocardial ischaemia Stenotic atheromatous disease Thrombosis cardiac output thyrotoxicosis aortic stenosis peripheral vascular resistance endothelium nitric oxide prostaglandins autonomic nervous system anaemia carboxyhaemaglobinaemia tachyarrhythmias menopause genetic disease hypercholestrolaemia homocysteine antioxidants insulin resistance radiate to Dyspnea left ventricular pulmonary oedema breathless sweaty corneal xanthelasma bilateral crepitations discouraged / encouragement aggressively treated follow-up endocrinology coronary artery disease low-density lipoprotein Diet therapy fasting lipid profile adrenoceptor antagonist calcium channel antagonists potassium channel openers Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA) lumen inflated Coronary artery bypass surgery overeating hyperactivity of the heart fire promote the circulation of blood sweet food dampness and phlegm consume QiEmotional upsets Qi stagnation the blockage of the heart vessels excess / deficiency the locations of the pain sternum epigastrium forearm depletion of Yang suffocation hypochondrium susceptibility to sighing profuse enlarged tongue Vexationhoarse breathhot sensation in the soles and palms dry mouth night sweating scanty hyperactivity of the cardiac fire worsened by cold aversion to cold cold limbs faint stabbing pain fixed location ecchymosis unsmooth pulse irrregular intervals paroxysmal the severity of the pain taking medicine critical sign reinforcing deficiency purging excessreplenishing Qi regulating Qiactivating the circulation of blood dredging the obstruction resolving phlegm combination of excess and deficiency genuine Qi spontaneous shortness of breath backache / dorsalgia / dorsodyniaDispelling cold incessant turbidity aromatics belching flatus harmonizing the blood poor appetite constipation sooth the liver clear away heatObstruction by phlegm-turbidity obesity heavy sensation loose stools sticky feeling in the mouth Drooldischarging the turbidity burning pain in the chest resolve phlegm-fire resist fluid consumption blockage of the collaterals by wind and phlegm hemiplegianumbnesssluggish tongue shivering resolve phlegm stop windmutual obstruction of phlegm and blood stasisstifling petechiadissipate the stagnation phlebectasia moderate pulse Lassitudedislike of speaking insomniadream-disturbed sleep tidal fever exfoliative astringe disturbs the mind tranquilize the mind dizziness tinnitus soreness and weakness in the lower back and kneesinvasion of the heart by water collapse ExercisesLack of nourishment because of blood deficiencyIschaemia Supplying oxygenOxygenate Narrowing of the blood vesselsVasostenosis Performing the physiological function more actively than normalHyperactivity A disease with the feature of lower level of red blood cells and hemoglobulin than normalAneamia A drug with the function of dilating the blood vesselsVasodilator During the time at nightNocturnalUrinary bladderUrocystThe heart beating faster than normalTachycardiaThe specialist good at treating patients with endocrinological diseasesendocrinologistStudy and research on all kinds of drugsPharmacologyTwo sides of BilateralThe drug representing the opposition against the target Antagonistthe technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel angioplasty6.Colorectal Cancer Conception Colon结肠 colorectal结肠直肠的colonic结肠的 colonitis结肠炎rectum直肠 rectarectal直肠的 rect(o)-anus肛门Pathophysiology adenomatous腺瘤(状)的polyp息肉epithelium上皮, 上皮细胞thelium乳头 thel(o)-proliferate增生扩散crypt 隐窝,滤泡,腺管 crypt-隐compartment间隔间slough脱落be susceptible to deleterious有害的, 有毒的radio-放射;桡骨radiotherapy放射线疗法orchestrate编管弦乐曲differentiation 分化apoptosis 凋亡embryonic胚胎的, 开始的neonatal新生的, 初生的neo-新, 新近 prenatal postnataloverexpression 过表达over-在.上面, 优越ablate融化, 切除transgenic 转基因gene knockout 基因敲除mucosa粘膜dynamic 动态的static静态的intermediate中间的inherit继承, 遗传而得sporadic散发Etiology cluster丛生, 成群gland腺inner wall degenerate退化genetic screening first-degree 第一度的sibling兄弟, 姐妹, 同胞high-fiber, low-fat diet cigarette香烟, 纸烟estrogen雌激素estrogen replacement therapy nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDssterol 固醇，甾酮aspirin阿斯匹林Clinical feature change in bowel habits blood in the stoolsdiarrhea腹泻constipation便秘tenesmus里急后重cramp抽筋, 腹部绞痛lassitude疲乏Management Stage I: The tumor involves only the first or second layer of the rectal wall and no lymph nodes are involved. Stage II: The tumor penetrates into the mesorectum, but no lymph nodes are involved. Stage III: Regardless of how deeply the tumor penetrates, the lymph nodes are involved with the cancer. Stage IV: Convincing evidence of the cancer exists in other parts of the body, outside of the rectal area. Localized rectal cancer includes stagesI-III. Metastatic rectal cancer is stage IV.Investigations fecal排泄物的, 渣滓的feces粪便occult掩蔽, 隐藏occult blood潜隐血digital手指的digital rectal examlubricate润滑lump结块barium钡enema灌肠剂lower gastrointestinal tractSigmoidoscope乙状结肠镜sigmoiditis乙状结肠炎tissue samplescolonoscopy结肠镜检查biopsy活组织检查removal切除Treatment primary treatment surgery外科, 外科学chemotherapy化学疗法Radiation treatment prolong survival lymph nodes Viewpoints of Traditional Chinese Medicine Attack by External Pathogens Clinical observation constitution 体质, 体格physique体格, 体形nutritious有营养成分的, 营养的nutritive营养的primordial原始的motivate激发differentiating the deficiency and excess The early / middle / late stageburning pain in the lower abdomen incline to drinking cold water smelly mouth short and dark urine slippery or soft and rapid pulseeliminate dampness detoxification 解毒 purge(使)净化, 清除, 肃清, (使)通便severe剧烈的, 严重的stop bleeding borborygmus腹鸣lumbus 腰部 lumbar腰部的lumb(o)-腰 lumbago腰痛replenish补充emaciate消瘦 emaciationedema浮肿,水肿Mirror-like tongueExercisesThe inflammation of the rectumRectitisthe treatment of a disease by chemicals especially by killing micro-organisms or cancerousChemotherapyThe cells of the coloncolonocyte the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cellsRadiotherapy a gene or genetic material that has been transferred naturally or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another transgenethe passing of traits to offspring from its parent or ancestors HeredityThe person who does not eat animal-derived foodVegetarianthe condition of having three or more loose or liquid bowel movements per day Diarrheathe procedure of introducing liquids into the rectum and colon via the anusEnemaThe procedure examining the colonColonoscopyStomach and intestineGastrointestinea medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for examination Biopsy 5.Nephrotic Syndrome Conception leak out cholesterol chole-胆, 胆汁 cholecyst cholebilirubinalcohol酒精 methanol甲醇albumin白蛋白Pathophysiology proteinuria albuminuria be compatible with 与-一致cation阳离子cationic activation阳离子活化作用cationic layer阳离子层anion阴离子anionicneutralize中和glomerular肾小球capillary毛细管immune responsiveness Suppresser抑制物Cytokine细胞因子lymphokine淋巴因子interleukin 白细胞介素interferon干扰素 interferevascular脉管的, 有脉管的, 血管的vessel脉管, 导管permeability渗透性kinin激肽kininase激肽酶 kininogen激肽原exacerbation恶化, 增剧ceratin “角”,“角膜”,“角状epithelial上皮的podocyte （肾小球内）足细胞podo-足 podogram pododynianephrin 肾素 epinephrine肾上腺素nephr(o)- 肾 nephritisapoptosis 细胞凋亡antioxidant抗氧化剂 antioxidationoxidation氧化atopy遗传性过敏症steroid类固醇Leptin lepto-细小, 瘦；薄，软serum浆液, 血清genetic factors be involved in Etiology underlying潜在的Allergicallergen变态反应原, 过敏原allergin变应素infectious有传染性的, 易传染的contagious contagionhepatitis肝炎 hepato-diabetes糖尿病membranous膜的, 膜状的glomerulonephritismalignancy恶性Multiple多发的mono-单一systemic lupus erythematouslupus狼疮erythema红斑 eryth-红erythrocyte红血球erythroderma红皮病myeloma骨髓瘤 myel-myelitis 脊髓炎 myelocyte髓细胞amyloidosis淀粉样变性病amylo-淀粉focal在焦点上的segmental部分的,节段的sclerosis硬化症mesangium肾小球膜meso-中间, 中央mesoblast中胚层 mesocardium心系膜mesocolon结肠系膜Clinical feature swell膨胀, 增大，肿胀ankle踝abdomen腹, 腹部celio-腹部 celiocentesisceliomyalgia celioscopyfrothy起泡的, 多泡的Management acute急性的chronic慢性的Be unresponsive to therapy complication并发症physical examination身体检查urinalysis尿分析, 验尿rule out glucose葡萄糖Tolerance耐受antinuclear抗核rheumatoid factor类风湿因子rheumatic风湿的Cryoglobulin 冷球蛋白 cryo-冰冷, 严寒 cryogen致冷剂Complement levelserology血清学Serum protein electrophoresis Treatment relieve symptoms prevent complications delay progressive kidney damagecorticosteroid皮质甾类(的),皮质类固醇(的immunosuppressive免疫抑制的antihypertensive抗高血压的(药物)diuretic利尿的angiotensin血管紧缩素angio-脉管 angiology血管学, 血管淋巴学enzyme酶-ase amylase淀粉酶 transamidaseinhibitor抑制剂occur发生high blood cholesterolhypercholesteraemia高胆甾醇血triglyceride甘油三酯atherosclerosis动脉硬化症Viewpoints of Traditional Chinese Medicine water metabolism water passage dispersing outward and descending downward sweat pore hidrosis发汗discharge dischargementexcrete excretionImpair impairmentdamage injurydo harm to Improper diet Consequent 随之发生的on the sequence congenital先天的constitution体质, 体格presides over water metabolism steaming-warming function motive power acquired后天的，获得性的Yang-edemaabrupt onset heat and aversion to cold sore throat dark-yellow urineabdominal distention red tongue with yellow coating super