考博英语翻译技巧实例.doc

华慧考博网 / 考博英语翻译技巧实例1。In l664 the great English diarist，John Evelyn，published，with the approval of the Royal Society of London，a book Sylva or a Discourse of Forest Trees in which one sees，perhaps for the first time，a realization that trees，then so important in the construction of ships，were indeed becoming sadly depleted and that something urgently needed to be done by way of deliberate planting to ensure enough for the future. 1664年，英国伟大的日记作家JEvelyn，经伦敦皇家学会批准出版了一部森林志，即林木论。在这本著作中，人们可以说是第一次了解到一个现实：当时，在造船业中如此重要的树木的确正在悲惨地遭到浩劫；必须采取紧急措施，通过认真植树以便确保未来有足够的树木。(withLondon介词短语作条件状语修饰published，其宾语是a book。在which定语从句中，one泛指人们。a realization是谓语sees的宾语。so important in.ship是非限定性定语，用来修饰trees。句中两个that均引导同位语从句用来揭示realization的概念内涵。) 2As a magnetic material becomes more and more magnetized，more and more of its magnetic domains line up，with their north poles a11 pointing inone direction and their south poles in the opposite direction 随着材料的磁性变强，材料中越来越多的磁畴便会排列起来，其N极均指向一个方向， 而S极则指向相反的方向。 (介词复合结构with一用来对主句中的谓语lineup进行补充说明。)3Since the earth is slightly flattened at its poles，the distance of its surface at the north pole or south pole from its center is less than that at the equator由于地球的两极略为扁平，所以南北两极地表面离地心的距离比赤道地表面离地心的距离要近一些。(distancefrom，“离的距离”。that代替distance。) 4Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energy，particularly since those areas most in need of water lie rather close to the equator and have a relatively clear atmosphere 太阳能似乎比任何其他能源更有希望，尤其是因为这些迫切需要水的地区离赤道很近，那里有较清洁的大气。(lie和have是两个谓语，主语是those areas。most in need of water为介词短语作定语修饰areas。) 5For a very long time man has been seeking the possibility of combining various metals into alloys with a view to obtaining better materials for given purposes 长期以来，人们一直在寻找把各种金属熔成合金的可能性，其目的在于为某些用途获得更好的材料。(with。viewto，“以为目的”，“为起见”，是短语介词，引出的介词短语起目的状语作用。) 6It means reorganising them on democratic lines，with governing boards made up of workers and technicians from the trade unions concerned，loyal to the concept of nationalisation as a force for social changes and operating their industry according to anational plan arrived at democratically by the community as a whole 这意味着：要以民主的方式，由有关工会的工人和技术员所组成的管理董事会来改组各项工业。这些工人和技术员作为社会改革的一支力量要忠实于国有化这一观念，同时他们必须按照由作为整体的社会用民主方法制定的全国性计划来管理各工业。(on1ines，“按照方针，办法”，作状语。withconcerned介词短语作状语，用来修饰动名词reorganising。Made up of过去分词短语作定语修饰boards。loyalchanges为形容词短语修饰workers and technicians。as force for social changes是“工人和技术员”的同位语，operatingas a whole为现在分词短语作定语，也是用来修饰workers and technidans。它是与形容词短语loyal。是并列关系。arrive at作出(决定)，得出(结论)等。句中arrived atwhole是过去分词短语作定语修饰plan。) 7Thirty-five seconds into the flight，with the solid rockets pumping out maximum power，Challengerlike all its predecessorswas undergoing severe aerodynamic stress “挑战者”号在其固体燃料助推火箭发出最大推力的推动下，飞行了35秒后，同以前的航天飞机一样，正在承受着巨大的空气动力的压力。(with the solid复合结构用作状语，有条件意味。) 8A gas，such as steam (water vapor) in the cylinder of asteam engine，has neither deftnite shape nor definite volume-it changes its sshape and also its svolume with change in the shape and volume of the container 气体，例如蒸汽机汽缸中的水蒸气，既无一定的形状，也无一定的体积。气体的形状和体积是随着容器的形状和体积的改变而变化的。(changewith，“随而变化”。) 9Their wide use in industry is due not only to these properties but to the fact that the common metals can be shaped into required objects by deformation and by casting into mold，and to the fact that their properties can be greatly altered by alloying with other metals 金属在工业中之所以得到广泛的应用，不仅是由于它们具有上述这些性能，而且还由于普通的金属可以通过加工和铸造而形成所需要的制品，同时还由于金属的特性可通过与其他金属熔成合金而显著地改变。(due to，“由于”。to these properties，to the fact，and to the fact都是due所要求的。句中两个that均引出同位语从句。)10 If an engineer applies aformula or a tabulation or a curve blindly， without knowing its history，its accuracy and the limits of its sapplicability，the results that he obtains will be neither intelligent nor practical 如果一个工程师盲目地应用一个公式、一张图表或一条曲线，而对它的来历、精确度和应用范围却一无所知，那么他所得到的结果既不明智，也不实际。(withoutapplicability介词短语作谓语applies的条件状语。that引导定语从句，在句中作obtains的宾语。)11The neutron carries no electrical charge and in some respects acts as though it were composed of a proton and electron combined，with the positive charge of the proton neutralized by the negative charge of the electron 中子不带电荷，并且有点像是由质子和电子结合而成的，质子的正电荷被电子的负电荷中和了。(in somerespects，“在某些方面”，“有点”。act as though，“表现得似乎”。as though引导方式方法状语从句，其谓语常用虚拟语气。句末with引出介词复合结构，对前句的谓语作补充说明。)12We know that the rate of cooling from above the critical range will greatly change the structure and therefore the properties of any steel 我们知道，从临界温度以上冷却的速率会大大改变任何一种钢的结构，从而会改变其性能。(from above，“从以上，是双重介词。) 13Increasing problems of all kinds with fossil fuel power plants are turning power and utility companiesmoreandmore tOtheuseOfnuclearpoweredelectricgeneratingplants 矿物燃料发电厂所产生的问题日益增多，这就促使电力公司和公用事业公司越来越倾向于采用核动力发电厂。(problemwith，“在方面产生的问题”，with有表示“范围”。) 14Ever since，people have had difficulty in deciding whether the hovercraft should be ranged among ships,planes，or land vehiclesfor it is something in between a boat and anaircraft 从那以后，人们感到很难确定把这种气垫船归为哪一类：船、飞机还是车辆，因为它是一种介于船与飞机之间的交通工具。(in between，“介于两者之间”，作定语修饰something。) 15The electric resistance of a wire is the ratio of the potential difference between it stwo ends to the current in thewire 导线的电阻等于该导线两端之间的电位差与导线中电流的比值。(tothecurrent。是ratio要求的。the ratio of A to B，“A与B之比”。)16Pollution is caused either by mans release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment，or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance，such as oil from oil tankers into the sea 引起污染有两种途径：一是人们经常把全新的人造物质释放到环境中，或是把大量的天然物质譬如油轮溢出的石油释放到海里。(此句为简单句，主要是由两个by引出的短语把这个句变得复杂了。第一个into是名词ease要求的。第二个into是动名词releasing要求的。From oil tankers作定语修饰oil。)17Hardening of grey cast iron may be carried out by heating the casting to above the critical range and then cooling it，usually in oil 灰口铸铁的淬火过程是：先把铸铁加热到临界温度以上，然后加以冷却，通常在油里冷却。(heatingto above，“把加热到之上”。to above是双重介词。) 18Motion in the most general sense，conceived as the mode of existance，the inherent attribute，of matter，comprehends a11 changes and processes occurring in the universe，from mere change of place right up to thinking 从最普遍的意义上来看，可以认为运动是物质存在的形式，是物质的固有属性，运动包括宇宙中所发生的一切变化和过程，从单纯位置的变化直到思维。(主语是motion，谓语是comprehends，被一个介词短语inthemostgeneralsense和一个分词短语conceived as.隔开了。of matter既说明existance，也说明attribute。介词短语from用来说明a11 changes and processes。)19The air is heated by the flame，expands，and thus becomes less dense Denser air flows in from below and the result is that irregular layers of air of different densities are formed above the flame 空气受火焰加热而膨胀，于是变得比较稀薄。较密的空气从底下流人，其结果是，火焰上 方形成了密度不同的不规则的空气层。 (flow in， “流人”。from below， “自下”， “从下面”。 above the flame作地点状语。) 20 If an engineer applies aformula or a tabulation or a curve blindly， without knowing its history，its accuracy and the limits of its sapplicability，the results that he obtains will be neither intelligent nor practical 如果一个工程师盲目地应用一个公式、一张图表或一条曲线，而对它的来历、精确度和应用范围却一无所知，那么他所得到的结果既不明智，也不实际。(withoutapplicability介词短语作谓语applies的条件状语。that引导定语从句，在句中作obtains的宾语。) 21The neutron carries no electrical charge and in some respects acts as though it were composed of a proton and electron combined，with the positive charge of the proton neutralized by the negative charge of the electron 中子不带电荷，并且有点像是由质子和电子结合而成的，质子的正电荷被电子的负电荷中和了。(in somerespects，“在某些方面”，“有点”。act as though，“表现得似乎”。as though引导方式方法状语从句，其谓语常用虚拟语气。句末with引出介词复合结构，对前句的谓语作补充说明。) 22We know that the rate of cooling from above the critical range will greatly change the structure and therefore the properties of any steel 我们知道，从临界温度以上冷却的速率会大大改变任何一种钢的结构，从而会改变其性能。(from above，“从以上，是双重介词。) 23Increasing problems of all kinds with fossil fuel power plants are turning power and utility companiesmoreandmore tOtheuseOfnuclearpoweredelectricgeneratingplants 矿物燃料发电厂所产生的问题日益增多，这就促使电力公司和公用事业公司越来越倾向于采用核动力发电厂。(problemwith，“在方面产生的问题”，with有表示“范围”。) 24Ever since，people have had difficulty in deciding whether the hovercraft should be ranged among ships,planes，or land vehiclesfor it is something in between a boat and anaircraft 从那以后，人们感到很难确定把这种气垫船归为哪一类：船、飞机还是车辆，因为它是一种介于船与飞机之间的交通工具。(in between，“介于两者之间”，作定语修饰something。) 25The electric resistance of a wire is the ratio of the potential difference between it stwo ends to the current in thewire 导线的电阻等于该导线两端之间的电位差与导线中电流的比值。(tothecurrent。是ratio要求的。the ratio of A to B，“A与B之比”。)26Pollution is caused either by mans release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment，or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance，such as oil from oil tankers into the sea 引起污染有两种途径：一是人们经常把全新的人造物质释放到环境中，或是把大量的天然物质譬如油轮溢出的石油释放到海里。(此句为简单句，主要是由两个by引出的短语把这个句变得复杂了。第一个into是名词ease要求的。第二个into是动名词releasing要求的。From oil tankers作定语修饰oil。) 27Hardening of grey cast iron may be carried out by heating the casting to above the critical range and then cooling it，usually in oil 灰口铸铁的淬火过程是：先把铸铁加热到临界温度以上，然后加以冷却，通常在油里冷却。(heatingto above，“把加热到之上”。to above是双重介词。) 28Motion in the most general sense，conceived as the mode of existance，the inherent attribute，of matter，comprehends a11 changes and processes occurring in the universe，from mere change of place right up to thinking 从最普遍的意义上来看，可以认为运动是物质存在的形式，是物质的固有属性，运动包括宇宙中所发生的一切变化和过程，从单纯位置的变化直到思维。(主语是motion，谓语是comprehends，被一个介词短语inthemostgeneralsense和一个分词短语conceived as.隔开了。of matter既说明existance，也说明attribute。介词短语from用来说明a11 changes and processes。)29Weather is a product of many pLysical factors operating in and on the troposphere with the principal ones being the unequal heating of the earths surface by the sun and the rather rapid rota tion of the planet on its axis 天气是许多自然因素在对流层中起作用并对其施加影响的结果，其中太阳对地球表面加热不均等和地球自转比较快则是主要的因素。(with引导的复合结构作定语，用来修饰factors，ones代替factors。) 30It is the village which suffers most，for it is not easy to break the traditional bonds uniting agriculturist families to families of craftsmen，nor to dispel the idea that some one who follows the traditional calling of this caste is acting in a more“suitable way than some one who takes up a different occupation 乡村受害最大，因为从事农业家庭与从事手工业家庭的传统结合是很难分割的。此外，一些人认为一个人遵照等级制度的传统职业来办事要比从事不同的职业更为合适”，这种想法也很难去掉。 (hiswhich为强调句型，强调主语the village原句是简单句，The village suffers mostfor是连词，“因为”。unitingto，“把与连接”，是分词短语作定语修饰bonds。nor连词，连接两个并列成分，把to break和to dispel两个不定式短语连接起 来。thatoccupation为同位语从句，用来揭示idea的概念内涵。calling意为“职业”，与occupation相呼应。inaway，“以方式”。) 31Forging and press-production methods of shaping metal are of tremendous importance in machine-building in general，and in automobile and tractor industry in particular 金属成形的锻压加工方法，一般在机器制造业、特别是在汽车和拖拉机工业中具有重大意义.(be of.“具有”。in general，“通常”；in particular，“特别”，这两个短语介词在句中作插入语用。) 32In fact, in the nineteeth century people used to make gardens in the shape of aclock face，with different flowers opening at different times在19世纪，人们常常把花园做成钟盘形，不同的花在不同的时间开放。 (with引导的复合结构有定语的意味，用来对the shape of a clock进行修饰。) 33The modern scientific method Was born with Galileo in the 17th century；however，the development of the natural sciences began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the early part of the 19th centuries 现代科学方法产生于17世纪的伽利略时代；然而，只是在18世纪后期和19世纪初期，自然科学才开始迅速发展。(with Galileocentury有表示时间与空间范围之意，这里是表示时间即伽利略时代。) 34All of the atoms of an element contain the same number of protons in their muclei， and the atoms of one element differ from those of all other elements in the number of protons so contained 同一种元素的所有原子的原子核中含有的质子数都是相同的，而一种元素的原子与其他一切元素的原子的不同点，就在于它们含有的质子数不同。(AdiffersfromBinCA与B在C方面是不同的。句中in the number是differ要求的。) 35The kinds of evidence for the roundness of the world that led finally to its general accep tance included such data as the shape of the shadow of the earth on the moon during an eclipse of the moon，the fact that as one sails from port on a ship the building of the port gradually seem to sink below the surface of the water，and，most convincing，the fact that it is possible to sail all around the world and return to the starting point of the voyage 最终为人们普遍接受的有关地球是圆形的种种论据，包括：月蚀时地球投在月球表面的阴影形状；当人们乘船离开港口时，港口的建筑物似乎逐渐沉入水下；而最令人信服的是，人们环绕地球航行时，有可能又回到原来的起航点。(The kinds为主句中的主语，谓语是included。介词as引导三个并列同位语：shape，the fact，the fact，说明data。在两个fact后的that都引出同位语从句。) 36The technological breakthrough and the lndustrial Revolution brought with them a mastery of food production and control of infectious disease that reduced the normal death-rate to below 1.5 per cent技术革新和工业革命促进了食品生产，控制了传染病的流行，这使人口正常死亡率降到1.5以下。(to below是双重介词，reducetobelow，“降到以下”。) 37There are a few specially designed homes that are heated primarily by the sun but there is no practical and economic means for converting solar energy directly into that great convenience，electricity 现在已有一些专门设计的住宅主要利用太阳能取暖，但还没有一种实用和经济的办法把太阳能直接转化为便于使用的电能。(介词短语forelectridty用来修饰means。，oonvertinginto，“把转化为”。) 38A balance consists of an arlTl balanced at its middle， with known weights hung on one hand and the object whose weight is to be found on the other 天平由一个在中央平衡的臂组成，已知重量的砝码挂在平衡臂的一端，而把要称出重量的物体挂在平衡臂的另一端。 (分词短语balanced at its middle用来修饰arm。with.weights hung是介词复合结构，用来对balance作补充说明，过去分词known作定语，修饰weights。hung是hang的过去分词。) 39Weather is a product of many pLysical factors operating in and on the troposphere with the principal ones being the unequal heating of the earths surface by the sun and the rather rapid rota tion of the planet on its axis 天气是许多自然因素在对流层中起作用并对其施加影响的结果，其中太阳对地球表面加热不均等和地球自转比较快则是主要的因素。(with引导的复合结构作定语，用来修饰factors，ones代替factors。) 40It is the village which suffers most，for it is not easy to break the traditional bonds uniting agriculturist families to families of craftsmen，nor to dispel the idea that some one who follows the traditional calling of this caste is acting in a more“suitable way than some one who takes up a different occupation 乡村受害最大，因为从事农业家庭与从事手工业家庭的传统结合是很难分割的。此外，一些人认为一个人遵照等级制度的传统职业来办事要比从事不同的职业更为合适”，这种想法也很难去掉。 (hiswhich为强调句型，强调主语the village原句是简单句，The village suffers mostfor是连词，“因为”。unitingto，“把与连接”，是分词短语作定语修饰bonds。nor连词，连接两个并列成分，把to break和to dispel两个不定式短语连接起 来。thatoccupation为同位语从句，用来揭示idea的概念内涵。calling意为“职业”，与occupation相呼应。inaway，“以方式”。) 41Forging and press-production methods of shaping metal are of tremendous importance in machine-building in general，and in automobile and tractor industry in particular 金属成形的锻压加工方法，一般在机器制造业、特别是在汽车和拖拉机工业中具有重大意义.(be of.“具有”。in general，“通常”；in particular，“特别”，这两个短语介词在句中作插入语用。) 42In fact, in the nineteeth century people used to make gardens in the shape of aclock face，with different flowers opening at different times在19世纪，人们常常把花园做成钟盘形，不同的花在不同的时间开放。 (with引导的复合结构有定语的意味，用来对the shape of a clock进行修饰。) 43The modern scientific method Was born with Galileo in the 17th century；however，the development of the natural sciences began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the early part of the 19th centuries 现代科学方法产生于17世纪的伽利略时代；然而，只是在18世纪后期和19世纪初期，自然科学才开始迅速发展。(with Galileocentury有表示时间与空间范围之意，这里是表示时间即伽利略时代。) 44All of the atoms of an element contain the same number of protons in their muclei， and the atoms of one element differ from those of all other elements in the number of protons so contained 同一种元素的所有原子的原子核中含有的质子数都是相同的，而一种元素的原子与其他一切元素的原子的不同点，就在于它们含有的质子数不同。(AdiffersfromBinCA与B在C方面是不同的。句中in the number是differ要求的。) 45The kinds of evidence for the roundness of the world that led finally to its general accep tance included such data as the shape of the shadow of the earth on the moon during an eclipse of the moon，the fact that as one sails from port on a ship the building of the port gradually seem to sink below the surface of the water，and，most convincing，the fact that it is possible to sail all around the world and return to the starting point of the voyage 最终为人们普遍接受的有关地球是圆形的种种论据，包括：月蚀时地球投在月球表面的阴影形状；当人们乘船离开港口时，港口的建筑物似乎逐渐沉入水下；而最令人信服的是，人们环绕地球航行时，有可能又回到原来的起航点。(The kinds为主句中的主语，谓语是included。介词as引导三个并列同位语：shape，the fact，the fact，说明data。在两个fact后的that都引出同位语从句。) 46The technological breakthrough and the lndustrial Revolution brought with them a mastery of food production and control of infectious disease that reduced the normal death-rate to below 1.5 per cent技术革新和工业革命促进了食品生产，控制了传染病的流行，这使人口正常死亡率降到1.5以下。(to below是双重介词，reducetobelow，“降到以下”。) 47There are a few specially designed homes that are heated primarily by the sun but there is no practical and economic means for converting solar energy directly into that great convenience，electricity 现在已有一些专门设计的住宅主要利用太阳能取暖，但还没有一种实用和经济的办法把太阳能直接转化为便于使用的电能。(介词短语forelectridty用来修饰means。，oonvertinginto，“把转化为”。) 48A balance consists of an arlTl balanced at its middle， with known weights hung on one hand and the object whose weight is to be found on the other 天平由一个在中央平衡的臂组成，已知重量的砝码挂在平衡臂的一端，而把要称出重量的物体挂在平衡臂的另一端。 (分词短语balanced at its middle用来修饰arm。with.weights hung是介词复合结构，用来对balance作补充说明，过去分词known作定语，修饰weights。hung是hang的过去分词。) 49Weather is a product of many pLysical factors operating in and on the troposphere with the principal ones being the unequal hea