历年研究生入学考试基础英语试题.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权，请联系网站删除全国各大学研究生入学考试基础英语试题青岛大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 607 科目名称：基础英语(1) (共12页)请考生写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效Part One Vocabulary and Structure (40 points)I. Choose one of the four answers that best completes the sentence.1. Abraham Lincoln insisted that_ not just on mere opinion but on moral purpose. A. to base democracy B. for democracy to be based C. democracy be based D. whether democracy is based2. Fossils, traces of dead organisms found in the rocks of Earths crust, reveal _ at the time the rocks were formed. A. what was like B. was like life C. what life was like D. life was like3. Of the thousands of varieties of bird species in North America, _ bright red plumage, like the cardinal, are most often designated as state bird. A. those that have B. who have C. which have D. to have4. The specialized nature of anthropological research makes_ that various groups of people be studied to determine their similarities and differences. A. imperative is B. it imperative C. it is imperative D. it is an imperative5._ he always tries his best to complete it on time. A. However the task is hard B. However hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the task 6. Not only_ much bigger than any planet, but unlike the planets, it consists completely of gaseous material. A. the Sun is B. the Sun, which is C. is the Sun D. that the Sun7. First designated in 1970, Earth Day has become an annual international event _ concerns about environmental issues such as pollution. A. dedicated to raising B. dedicated raising C. dedicates to raise D. that dedicates to raising 8. An image on a national flag can symbolize political ideals that_ express. A. take many words to otherwise would B. would take to many otherwise words C. many words to take would otherwise D. would otherwise take many words to 9. Stage producers Klaw and Erlanger were the first to eliminate arguments among leading performers _in order of appearance, instead of prominence. A. of whom list the program B. the program listing C. for them the program listed D. by listing them on the program10.It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand. A. but B. norC. as D. like II. Choose the one word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if they were substituted for the underlined word or phrase.11. As a _ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments. A. flexible B. versatile C. sophisticated D. productive 12. Competition, they believe, _ the national character than corrupts it. A. enforces B. confirms C. intensifies D. strengthens 13. On weekends my grandma usually _ a glass of wine. A. subscribes to B. engages in C. hangs on D. indulges in 14. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, heselects people _ and ask them questions. A. at length B. at random C. in essence D. in bulk 15. Even though he was guilty, the _ judge did not send him to prison. A. merciful B. impartial C. conscientious D. conspicuous16. They used to quarrel a lot, but now they are completely _with each other. A. reconciled B. negotiated C. associated D. accommodated 17. In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the_ concern of state governments. A. extinct B. excluding C. excessive D. exclusive 18. The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many _ references. A. obscure B. acute C. notable D. objective 19. The morning news says a school bus _ with a train at thejunction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately. A. bumped B. collided C. crashed D. struck 20. Although most dreams apparently happen _, dream activity may be provoked by external influences. A. spontaneously B. simultaneously C. homogeneously D. instantaneously 21. That part of the city has long been _ for its street violence. A. notorious B. responsible C. historical D. illegal 22. The famous scientist _his success to hard work. A. imparted B. granted C. ascribed D. acknowledged 23. It is difficult to _of a plan to end poverty. A. speculate B. conceive C. ponder D. reckon 24. Now the cheers and applause _in a single sustained roar. A. mingled B. concentrated C. assembled D. permeated 25. This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important_ of American life. A. fashions B. frontiers C. facets D. formats 26. Parents often faced the _ between doing what they felt was goodfor the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness. A. paradox B. junction C. dilemma D. premise 27. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the _ of a brilliant career. A. threshold B. edge C. porch D. course 28. It was_ that the restaurant discriminated against black customers. A. addicted B. alleged C. assaulted D. ascribed 29. The medicine_ his pain but did not cure his illness. A. activated B. alleviated C. mediated D. deteriorated30. The financial problem of this company is further _by the rise in interest rates. A. increased B. strengthened C. reinforced D. aggravated 31. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons slowly_ into the sky. A. ascending B. elevating C. escalating D. lingering 32. Many years had _before they returned to their original urbanareas. A. floated B. elapsed C. skipped D. proceeded.33. Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the sameclass because they believe this kind of_ grouping is advisable. A. homogeneous B. instantaneous C. spontaneous D. anonymous34. The toy maker produces a_ copy of the space station, exact inevery detail. A. minimal B. minimum C. miniature D. minor 35. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports andcut the _budget . A. disposition B. discrepancy C. defect D. deficit 36. All the ceremonies at the 2000 Olympic Games had a unique Australian flavor, _ of their multicultural communities. A. noticeable B. indicative C. conspicuous D. implicit37.The glass vessels should be handled most carefully since they are _ . A. crisp B. intricate C. subtle D. fragile38. This new printer is _with all leading software. A. competitive B. cooperative C. compatible D. comparable39. Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only _the crisis. A. precedes B. prevails C. ascends D. accelerates40. With prices_ so much, it is difficult for the school to plan a budget. A. vibrating B. swinging C. fluctuating D. flutteringPart Two CLOZE (10 Points)Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Write the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (少年犯罪) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories _1_ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior _2_ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through _3_ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in _4_ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, _5_ as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, _6_ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes _7_ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are _8_ to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly _9_ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that _10_ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment _11_ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in _12_ lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also _13_ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; _14_, children are likely to have less supervision at home _15_ was common in the traditional family _16_. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other _17_ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased _18_ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing _19_ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, _20_ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 1. A. acting B. relying C. centering D. cementing2. A. before B. unless C. until D. because 3. A. interaction B. assimilation C. cooperation D. consultation 4. A. return B. reply C. reference D. response 5. A. or B. but rather C. but D. or else 6. A. considering B. ignoring C. highlighting D. discarding 7. A. on B. in C. for D. with 8. A. immune B. resistant C. sensitive D. subject 9. A. affect B. reduce C. check D. reflect 10. A. point B. lead C. come D. amount 11. A. in general B. on average C. by contrast D. at length 12. A. case B. short C. turn D. essence 13. A. survived B. noticed C. undertaken D. experienced 14. A. contrarily B. consequently C. similarly D. simultaneously 15. A. than B. that C. which D. as 16. A. system B. structure C. concept D. heritage 17. A. assessable B. identifiable C. negligible D. incredible 18. A. expense B. restriction C. allocation D. availability 19. A. incidence B. awareness C. exposure D. popularity 20. A. provided B. since C. although D. supposingPart Three Reading Comprehension (30 Points)In this section there are three reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage 1 The tendency to look for some outside group to blame for our misfortunes is certainly common and it is often sustained by social prejudice. There seems to be little doubt that one of the principal causes of prejudice is fear: in particular the fear that the interests of our own group are going to be endangered by the actions of another. This is less likely to be the case in a stable, relatively unchanging society in which the members of different social and occupational groups know what to expect of each other, and know what to expect for themselves. In times of rapid racial and economic change, however, new occupations and new social roles appear, and people start looking jealously at each other to see whether their own group is being left behind. Once prejudice develops, it is hard to stop, because there are often social forces at work which actively encourage unfounded attitudes of hostility and fear towards other groups. One such force is education: We all know that children can be taught history in such a way as to perpetuate old hatred and old prejudices between racial and political groups. Another social influence that has to be reckoned with is the pressure of public opinion. People often think and act differently in groups from the way they would do as individuals. It takes a considerable effort of will, and often calls for great courage, to stand out against ones fellows and insist that they are wrong. Why is it that we hear so much more about the failures of relationships between communities than we do about the successes? I am afraid it is partly due to the increase in communication which radio, television and the popular press have brought about. In those countries where the media of mass communication are commercial enterprises, they tend to measure success by the size of their audience; and people are more likely to buy a newspaper, for instance, if their attention is caught by something dramatic, something sensational, or something that arouses their anxiety. The popular press flourishes on “scare headlines”, and popular orators, especially if they are politicians addressing a relatively unsophisticated audience, know that the best way to arouse such an audience is to frighten them. Where there is a real or imaginary threat to economic security, this is especially likely to inflame group prejudice. It is important to remember economic factors if we wish to lessen prejudice between groups, because unless they are dealt with directly it will be little use simply advising people not to be prejudiced against other groups whom they see as their rivals, if not their enemies. 1. Which of the following does the author see as the chief source of prejudice? A. The distorted ideas which are believed as statement of fact. B. Fear that personal interest will be invaded. C. The dispute which is favorable to the opponents not ones own part. D. The concepts that a community takes for granted. 2. What part do newspapers and radio play in inter-communal relationships? A. They educate people not to look jealously at each other B. They cause further prejudice among audience. C. They discuss interesting problems in more details D. They draw the audiences attention to prejudice. 3. Whats the subject of paragraph 2? A. How to eliminate our prejudice. B. The pressure of social opinion. C. The role of education to children. D. Social forces that strengthen our bias 4. Which of the following can be used to describe the authors opinion about prejudice? A. It is a difficult problem to solve. B. It can be done away with. C. It is an evil state of mind. D. It should be criticized. 5. Whats the authors purpose of writing this article? A. To analyze social prejudice between social groups. B. To reveal the danger of social prejudice. C. To blame the politicians for frightening the audience D. To show some examples of peoples prejudice. Passage 2 By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into the American colonies through books and prints, European visitors and immigrants, and traveling colonists who brought back copies ( and a few original) of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions. By the outbreak of the Revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artists had already undergone change. In the mid-eighteenth century, painters had been willing to assume such artisan-related tasks as varnishing, gliding teaching, keeping shops, and painting wheel carriages, houses, and signs. The terminology by which artists were described in the time suggests their status: “limner” was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760s; “painter” characterized anyone who could paint a flat surface. By the second half of the century, colonial artists who were trained in England or educated in the classics rejected the status of laborer and thought of themselves as artists. Some colonial urban portraitists, such as John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and Charles Wilson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons. Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintain an image of themselves as professional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings. A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement. Although the colonists tended to favor portraits, they also accepted landscapes, historical works, and political engravings as appropriate artistic subjects. With the coming of independence from the British Crown, a sufficient number of artists and their works were available to serve nationalistic purposes. The achievements of the colonial artists, particularly those of Copley, West, and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste - a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic.6. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. European influence on colonial American painting. B. The importance of patronage to artist. C. The changing status of artists in the American colonies in the eighteenth century. D. Subjects preferred by artists in the colonies in the eighteenth century.7. According to the passage, before the American Revolution the main task of limners was to _. A. paint wheel carriages B. paint portraits C. varnish furniture D. imitate