卓越补习八年级下册英语广州牛津版课文笔记U1.doc

Unit 1 Success stories (II)一周强化一、一周知识概述1重难点单词及短语：determined, wise, hard-working, including, miss, retire, hero, disabled, belief, national, pride, manage, intelligent, equal, refuse, for love, forget about sb, come on, save up, fight for, be equal to, in total。 2句型 Can I help you with anything?我能帮你什么吗？ Thanks very much, but I can manage.非常感谢，但我自己能行。 Let me give you a hand.让我帮你吧！ That would be good.那太好了。 Come on. Let me give you a hand.If you want, I could do some typing.得了吧，让我帮你吧！ 如果你愿意，我可以打打字。 3语言功能：学会表达提出、接受和拒绝帮助。 二、重难点知识讲解 1What does success mean to you?译文对你而言，成功意味着什么？ mean to sb.表示“对某人来说意味着”，mean为动词。 e.g. Knowledge means wealth to us.知识对我们来说意味着财富。 另外，mean还有一些其它的含义。如下： （1）意思是。 e.g.The red light means “stop”.红灯表示停。 This signal means your message has been received.这个信号表示你发送的信息已经收到了。 （2）有的征兆。 e.g.The dark clouds mean rain.这些乌云是下雨的征兆。 （3）mean to do sth = plan to do sth 打算，意欲 e.g.I mean to go tomorrow.我打算明天去。 I didnt mean to start an argument.我并不想(跟你)争论。 （4）mean doing sth意味着。 e.g.Accepting the job means living abroad.接受这个工作就意味着在国外居住。 （5）meaning n.意义，涵义。 e.g.Whats the meaning of the words?=What do the words mean?这些词是什么意思。 2He had a gift for running and kept practising every day.译文他具有跑步的天赋且每天坚持训练。 have a gift for sth/doing sth是一个词组，意为“具有的天赋”。 e.g.Dee has a gift for making everyone feel at ease.迪有一种能让大家放松的天赋。 keep (on) doing保持/坚持干 e.g.Keep the fire burning.不要让火熄灭。 另外keep还有下列用法： （1）keep + adj.e.g.Dont put it in the sun and keep it colourful.不要把它放在太阳底下，让它保持鲜艳。 （2）keepfrom阻止做 e.g.Keep the earth from running away.阻止泥土流失。 3She plays the violin for love译文她是出于热爱而拉小提琴。 play the violin意为“拉小提琴”。 注意：在一些西洋乐器名词前要加定冠词the。 e.g. play the piano弹钢琴 play the trumpet吹小号 但短语play chess意为“下象棋”，chess前面不加定冠词，类似的还有： play card 打牌 play basketball/football/table tennis 打篮球/踢足球/打乒乓球 for love意为“出于热爱”。 e.g.He goes in for the job for love not to make money.他出于热爱从事这项工作而不为赚钱。 4Joyce is very busy working on the school newspaper.译文乔伊斯在学校报社忙于工作。 be busy (in) doing sth忙于干 be busy with sth忙于某事 work on忙于，从事 e.g.They are busy with their lessons.他们正在忙于学习功课。 He works on market research.他从事于市场研究。 The family are busy (in) getting ready for their journey.这家人正忙于准备旅行。 5, let me give you a hand.译文，让我帮你一下吧！ let sb. do sth.中let是一个使役动词，后面跟省去to的不定式，即动词原形。 e.g.Lets go for a walk.让我们出去散步吧！ 类似的动词常用的有十一个半，为了方便记忆，可以编成如下顺口溜： 一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have)，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)。 这些词除help外，在主动语态中后面省去to的不定式，变成被动语态时，省去的to要再加上。help在主动语态中后面的to可带可不带，变成被动语态的必须带上to。 e.g.We should help our parents do some housework.我们应该帮助父母做点家务。 Funny stories made us laugh.有趣的故事使我们开心。 The boy was made to do homework all day.这个男孩被迫整天做作业。 6Dont do everything on your own all the time!译文做事情不要总是这么独立！ 祈使句的否定形式往往用Dont。 e.g.Dont let anyone disturb you.不要让任何人打扰你。 Dont forget to take your umbrella when you go out.出去的时候不要忘记带伞。 all the time意为“一直，始终，总是”。on ones own意为“单独地，独自地”和“无援地，独立地”。 e.g.Its a really useful bookI use it all the time.这真是一本很有用的书我一直在用它。 Ive been living on my own for four years now.我独自生活迄今已4年。 I made this wardrobe all on my own.这个衣柜是我自己做的。 7Tony offers to help Joyce three times.译文托尼三次提出要帮助乔伊斯。 offer作动词时，有“主动提出/表示”之义，还有“提供，供给”之意，作名词时，有“提议、提供、意图”的含义。 e.g.We offer to help homeless children.我们提出要帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。 She refused this offer.她拒绝了这个提议。 表达“提供，供给”时，常用下列搭配。 offer sb sth或offer sth to sb，就相当于provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb.。 e.g.He often offersHe often provides他经常提供给我一些钱。 8Both LangLang and Benjamin Franklin have译文朗朗和本杰明富兰克林两人都 bothand表示“两者都”，连接主语时，谓语用复数。 e.g.Both Jim and Tom are interested in playing computer games.吉姆和汤姆两人都对玩电脑和游戏感兴趣。 但要注意，neithernor，eitheror，not onlybut also这些词组连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式，采用“就近原则”，即谓语动词一定与nor，or和but also后面的名词或代词相符。 e.g.Neither he nor his classmates like the movie.Either he or his classmates dont like the movie.Neither his classmates nor he likes the movie.Either his classmates or he doesnt like the movie.他和他的同学们都不喜欢这部电影。 Not only Jim but also Tom is interested in playing computer games.不仅吉姆而汤姆也对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。 9I agree.译文我同意(表示赞同别人的观点)agree既可作不及物动词（vi.），也可作及物动词（vt.），意为“同意，赞同”，其用法如下： （1）agree with sb.表示“同意某人或某人所说的话”。 e.g.He agrees with me completely.他完全同意我的意见。 （2）agree to do sth.“同意干某事”。 e.g.We agreed to start early.我们同意早点动身。 （5）agree + that从句 e.g.She agreed that I was right.她认为我说得对。 10Hangzhou was full of birds and flowers.译文杭州遍地花香鸟语。 be full of意为“盛满，充满，装满”，full是形容词（adj.），= be filled with，都表一种状态。 e.g.The meeting room is full of/is filled with listeners.会议室里坐满了听众。 另外注意fill sth with sth这个词组，在这个词组中fill为动词，意为“用装满”。 e.g. Please fill the glass with water.请往玻璃杯里注满水。 11When did you first become interested in bird fossils?译文你是在什么时候首次对鸟类化石产生兴趣的？ be/become interested in 对感兴趣 e.g.When he was young, he became interested in playing the guitar.很小他对弹吉他就产生了兴趣。 下面是一些interest的相关用法： （1）interest用作名词，是不可数名词，但也与不定冠词连用，意为“兴趣，趣味”。 e.g.show interest in sth.表示/显示对某事感兴趣 have an interest in sth 对有兴趣 （2）interest用作动词，意为“使人产生兴趣”。 e.g.He interested me in outdoor sports.他使我对户外运动产生了兴趣。 （3）interested用作形容词（adj.），意为“感兴趣的”，常构成词组be interested in，意为“对感兴趣”。 e.g.Im interested in collecting coins.我对收藏硬币感兴趣。 （4）interesting也是形容词（adj.），表示“有趣的”。 e.g.The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。 12She spent her whole life helping others.译文她花费她的一生帮助别人。 e.g.I usually spend half an hour doing/on my housework every day.我通常每天花半个小时做家务事。 另外注意cost，pay，take这几个词也有“花费”之义，但在范围和结构上有所不同，它们用法分别如下： （1）cost表示“花钱”，常用物即sth作主语，其结构为“sth. cost sb. money”。 e.g.The dictionary cost me over 100 yuan.这本字典花了我一百多元。 （2）spend也指花钱，也可指花时间，主语为sb，其结构为“sb spend money on sth和sb spend time (in) doing sth或sb spend time on sth.” e.g.Last night I spent 2 hours on my article.=Last night I spent 2 hours (in) writing my article.昨晚我花了2小时写这文章。 Mr. Li spent $50 on the book.李先生花50美元买了这本书。 （3）pay表示花钱时，其结构为“sb pay money for sth.”。 e.g.I paid $50 for the book.=The book cost me $50.=I spent $50 on the book.我买这本书花了50美元。 （4）take花时间，其结构为“It takes sb. st. to do sth.”，注意it是形式主语，to do sth才是真实主语。 e.g.It usually took me half an hour to do my housework everyday.=I usually spend half an hour (in) doing my housework everyday.我每天通常用半个钟头做家务事。 13He fought for his belief all his life.译文他一生都为自己的信仰而奋斗。 fight for意为“为而奋斗”。 e.g.The blacks are fighting for their rights and freedom.黑人们正为他们的权利和自由而奋斗。 注意与fight against的区别，fight against意为“为反对而斗争”。 e.g. Workers fought against unfairness and inequality.工人们为反对不公平和不平等而奋斗。 all ones life意为“毕生，一生”。 e.g.He has lived in the small town all his life.他一生都住在这个小镇。 14In total, the team won the NBA championship six times.译文这支队伍总共赢了六次NBA锦标赛冠军。 in total = in all意为“总共，总计，合计”。 e.g.There are 6000 students in total here.这儿学生总计六千人。 15He is regarded as the best basketball player in history.译文他被看作历史上最好的篮球队员。 regardas表示“把当作/视为”，相当于treat/look on/think ofas。 e.g.I regard him as my friend.=I treat/look on/think of him as my friend.我把他视作我的朋友。 16He is no longer a basketball player.译文他不再是一名篮球运动员。 no longer = notany longer，意为“不再”，具有否定意义。在现代英语中与no more(=notany more)经常换用。 e.g.I can wait no longer.=I cant wait any longer.我不能再等了。 China is no longer a poor country.中国不再是一个贫困的国家。 I used to live in Shanghai but now I no longer live there.以前我住在上海但现在我不再住在那儿了。 三、语法点拨：Offering，accepting and refusing help in E