非谓语动词总结.ppt

NonfiniteVerbs非谓语动词 中考专项练习之非谓语动词 陕西2010 2014中考命题规律与趋势 考纲要求 动词不定式作宾语 宾语补足语 目的状语 2013 单项选择 23 toleave leave go togo 动词词义分析 考察点 年份 题型 分值 选项设置及考察形式 非谓语动词 2012 短文填空 1 1 69 在knowbegintodosth 结构中考察非谓语动词原形 完成句子 2011 2 56 makingfriends tomakefriendslikedoingsth todosth 结构中考察非谓语动词 70 feel在makesb dosth 中考察非谓语动词 短文填空 1 一 中考重点知识讲解1 定义 我们把在句子中起名词 形容词或副词作用 充当谓语之外的其它句子成分的动词称为非谓语动词 2 形式 非谓语动词有三种形式 不定式 分词 现在分词和过去分词 动名词 3 构成 动词不定式是由to 动词原形构成 动名词是由动词原形 ing构成 现在分词是由动词原形 ing 过去动词是由动词原形 ed构成 非谓语动词的时态和语态形式 以动词do为例 句子中的功能 句子中的功能 4 动词不定式在句子中的作用 1 动词不定式作主语 Tomastalanguageisnotaneasything 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面 而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上 It sverykindofyoutohavegivenusmuchhelp 2 动词不定式作宾语 IliketohelpothersifIcan 3 动词不定式作宾语补语 Weexpectyoutobewithus 4 不定式作状语 Wewenttothehospitaltoseeourteacher 5 不定式的否定形式 not to 动词原形Theteachertoldusnottoswiminthatriver 中考高频知识点 1 stoptodosth 和stopdoingsth stoptodosth 停下来 正做之事 去做其它事 stopdoingsth 停止正在做的事情 例如 Stoptalking Let sbeginourclass saidtheteacher Wehavekeptdoingourhomeworkforalongtime Let sstoptolistentomusic 2 forgettodosth 和forgetdoingsth forgettodosth 不要忘记做某事 未做的事情 forgetdoingsth 忘记过去做了的事情 已做 例如 Sorry Iforgottobringthebook Iforgotborrowingabookfromyou remembertodosth 和rememberdoingsth 记着要做某事 记得做过某事例如 Remembertowritealettertomyparents Iremembermeetinghiminthestreet 3 havesth done 过去分词 让别人 做某事例如 Ihadmyhaircutyesterdayafternoon Mycomputercannotworknow Imusthaveitrepaired 4 感官动词后接不带to的不定式或者现在分词的区别例如 seesb dosth 看见某人 经常 做某事seesb doingsth 看见某人 正在 做某事Ioftenseehimdoexerciseinthemorning WhenIwaswalkinginthepark Isawhimdrawingapicturethere 5 在主动语态中 感官动词 see hear feel watch等 和使役动词 make have let等 要求接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语 而在被动语态里 不定式要带上to 例如 Thebossoftenmadetheworkerswork10hoursaday Theworkersweremadetowork10hoursaday Shewasheardtousestronglanguage 练习一1 Nooneenjoys at A laughingB tolaughC beinglaughedD tobelaughed2 Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse A tobebrokeninB frombeingbrokeninC tobreakinD frombreakingin3 Theyinsistedon anotherchancetotry A givenB givingC beinggivenD tobegiven4 Whereismypassport Iremember ithere Youshouldn thaveleftithere Remember itwithyouallthetime A toput totakeB putting takingC putting totakeD toput taking5 Hisroomneeds sohemusthaveit A painting paintedB painted paintingC painting paintingD painted painted6 Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire withgreatcare A lookingafterB tolookafterC tobelookedafterD takengoodcareof Practise C B C C A A B C C A B A 7 Apolicemansawtwothieves agirl smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce A tostealB stealingC stoleD stolen8 Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething A missedB tobemissingC missingD tobemissed9 Shedecidedtodevoteherself theproblemofoldage A tostudyB studyingC tostudyingD study10 Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinish mycar A repairingB repairC torepairD repaired11 It snogood oversplitmilk A tocryB cryingC criedD cry12 Haveyouforgotten 1000frommelastmonth Willyoupleaseremember ittomorrow A borrowing tobringB toborrow bringC borrowed bringingD borrowingbringing 13 Theclassroomwants A cleanB cleanedC tocleanD cleaning14 Jacksaidthathewouldn tmind forus A towaitB waitC waitingD waited15 Mybrotherkeeps mewithmywork A tohelpB helpC helpingD helped16 Weshouldoftenpractise Englishwitheachother A tospeakB spokeC speakD speaking17 Keepon andyouwillsucceed A atryB tryC triingD trying18 Hisparentsinsiston tocollege A heshouldgoB hegoC hisgoingD himtogo19 Thestorywassofunnythatwe A couldn thelplaughB can tbutlaughC couldn thelplaughingD couldn thelpbuttolaugh D C C D D C C 20 Whatabout totheconcertwithus A wegoB wegoingC goingD togo21 cleanisasafeguardagainstdisease A TobekeepingB KeptC KeepD Keeping22 Seeingis A tobelieveB believingC believedD beingbelieved23 Thescientistsuggested theexperimentinadifferentway A doB todoC doingD done24 Don tforget thisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim A toreturnB returningC returnD toreturning25 Onlyoneofthesebooksis A worthtoreadB worthbeingreadC worthofreadingD worthreading26 Wearebothlookingforwardto nextweek A goingonvacationB goonvacationC begoingonvacationD havegoneonvacation C D B C A D A 27 Hehadnodifficulty theproblems A workingoutB havingworkedoutC tohaveworkedoutD toworkout28 Iregretted thattoher A havingsaidB tohavesaidC tosayD 29 Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight alongspeechforthepresident A toprepareB preparingC preparedD waspreparing30 Don thavethemachine allthetime Itwillgowrong A torunB runningC beenrunD run31 Thefoodwasdelicious Thatwasa meal A satisfyingB satisfiedC satisfactionD satisfy32 Lookaroundwhen thestreet A acrossB crossingC crossedD tobecrossing33 Inthemorningshefoundherfather inbed dead A lyingB lieC layD laying A A B B A B A 34 Isawhim intoyourroomwhenyouwerenotin A goneB goingC wentD togo35 Pleasekeepquiet Fatherisbusy A workB toworkC workingD works36 Sallyhadnopen yesterdaymorning A towriteB towritewithC writingD writingwith37 It stimeforclass Stop please A totalkB talkC talksD talking38 Youshouldworktonightinsteadof TV A towatchB watchingC towatchingD watched39 Listen Canyouhearthegirl thepianointhenextroom A toplayB playC playingD plays40 Mr Wangcameintotheofficewithout thedoor A knockB knockingatC toknockatD knockingto B C B D B C B 二 非谓语动词全面总结 一 后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况1 动词 finishdoingsth 完成某事 enjoydoingsth 喜欢做某事 practicedoingsth 练习做某事 imaginedoing 想象做某事 avoiddoingsth 避免做某事 considerdoingsth 考虑做某事 suggestdoingsth 建议做某事minddoingsth 介意做某事 keepdoingsth 持续做某事2 固定短语 feellikedoingsth 喜欢做某事 bebusydoingsth 忙于做某事 beworthdoing值得做某事 spendtime in doingsth 花费时间 金钱 做某事 havedifficult troubleindoingsth做某事有困难 havefundoing 做某事高兴 3 介词后 on in of about at with without for from up by等 如 begoodatdoingsth thankyoufordoingsth giveupdoingsth stopsb fromdoingsth dowellindoingsth beafraidofdoingsth beinterestedindoingsth beproudof insteadof befondof4 to作介词的情况lookforwardtodoingsth期望做某事 preferdoingsth todoingsth与相比较更喜欢 payattentiontodoing注意做某事 be getusedtodoingsth 习惯于做某事 makeacontributionto为做贡献 二 后面可跟不定式的动词1 动词 agreetodo同意去做 affordtodo买得起 decidetodo决定去做某事 hopetodo希望去做 wishtodo希望去做 failtodo做某事失败去 plantodo打算去做 pretendtodo假装去做 refusetodo拒绝去做 wouldliketodo想要去做 wanttodo想要去做某事 learntodo学做 prefertodosth 喜欢 爱 做某事 sb seemtodosth好像做某事 want wouldliketodosth 想做 usedtodosth 过去常做某事 2 句型 allowsb todosth 允许某人去做某事askedsb not todosth 要求某人做事某事tellsb not todosth 告诉某人去 不要 做某事followsb todosth 跟随某人去做某事warnsb not todosth 警告某人做某事beamazedtodosth 对做某事感到惊讶beafraidtodosth 害怕做某事beexcitedtodosth 对做感到兴奋befrightenedtodosth 害怕去做某事beglad happytodosth 高兴去做某事 be getreadytodosth 准备做某事besorrytodosth 对做某事感到抱歉besurprisedtodosth 对做某事感到惊奇can twaittodosth 迫不急待地去做某事get haveachancetodosth 得到一个做某事的机会It s adj forsb todosth 做某事 对某人来说 怎么样It s adj ofsb todosth Ittakessb sometime moneytodosth 花费某人多长时间做某事 常考 It sbestforsb todosth 对某人来说做某事是最好的It stimeforsb todosth 是某人做某事的时候了 too forsb to太以致不能prefertodosth ratherthandosth 宁愿而不愿 常考 somethingtoeat drink一些吃 喝的东西taketurnstodosth 轮流做Thereisnotime forsb todosth 对 某人来说 没时间做某事了Thereisnoneed forsb todosth 对某人来说没必要做某事try doone sbesttodosth 尽力去做某事 三 后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况 1 后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词有些动词接doing和todo意义相近像like 喜欢 love 喜欢 hate 憎恨 prefer 宁可 begin 开始 start 开始 continue 继续 等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大 如 liketodo表示想要做某一具体的动作likedong表示一般或抽象的多次动作2 后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词 remembertodo 记住去做 rememberdoing 记得做过 forgettodo 忘记去做 forgetdoing 忘记做过 trytodo 设法做 trydoing 试着做 goontodo 接着做另一事 goondoing 继续做同一事 stoptodo 停下来去做 stopdoing 停止做 can thelptodo 不能帮助做 can thelpdoing 情不自禁做 四 后跟不带to的不定式 动词原形 的情况 1 在感官动词和使役动词后feel hear listento watch lookat see notice make let have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to 注意 将此句改为被动句时 省去的不定式符号to应加上 在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时 既可带to 也可不带to 2 助动词或情态动词后 do did does will shall would should can may must等后面接不带to的动词不定式 3 某些固定句型中1 Will Would youplease not 请 不要 做某事好吗 2 hadbetter最好做某事3 Whynot 为何不做某事4 wouldrather not 宁可 不 宁愿 不 此句型也可扩展成 wouldrather than5 在祈使语气 或口语 中 五 既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing形式的情况 see watch hear等动词 后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式 跟原形时表示做过或经常做 跟动名词时表示正在做 see watchsb dosth 看到某人做过 经常做 某事see watchsb doingsth 看到某人正在做某事hearsb dosth 听到某人做过 经常做 某事hearsb doingsth 听到某人正在做某事A 从各题后的四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案 1 Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped onabigrock A tohaverestedB restingC torestD rest2 Doyouknowtheboy underthebigtree A layB lainC layingD lying3 You dbetter yourbike atonce ItisMondaytomorrow youknow A tohave mendB have mendedC have tomendD tohave mended practise C D B 4 Look Thelightsintheclassroomarestillon Oh Iforgot A turningthemoffB turnthemoffC toturnthemoffD havingturnedthemoff5 Can tyouread theofficersaid tothenotice A angrilypointingB andpointangrilyC angrilypointedD pointangrily6 Thecomputercenter lastyear isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool A openB openingC havingopenedD opened7 Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungman afterdrinking A nevertodriveB toneverdriveC neverdrivingD neverdrive8 What sthelanguage inNewZealand English A speakingB spokenC bespokenD tospeak9 Hedidn tfeellike outforawalk becausehehadcaughtacold A togoB goesC goneD going10 Pauldoesn thavetobemade Healwaysworkshard A learnB tolearnC learnedD learning C A D A B D B 11 Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall A toliveinB tobelivedinC toliveD forlivingin12 Aclockismadefor usthetime A tellB tellingC totellD tells13 You dbetter athomeallthetime It sbadforyourhealth A don tstayB notostayC notstayD notstaying14 Thestudentsarebusy readyfortheexamnow A gettingB getC gotD toget15 Themotheraskedtheboy downtheladder buthewenton instead A come climbingB tocome toclimbC tocome climbingD coming climbing16 Isthereanytime tothemuseum A goingB togoC goesD gone17 Theteacheraskedthestudentstoclosethewindows thewindfrom thepapersaway A tostop blowingB stopping blowingC tostop blowD stopped blow18 Abirdwasseen intotheclassroomyesterday A flewB toflyC flyD wasflying A B C A C B A B 19 Weshoulddoasmuchaswecan water A forsavingB tosaveC saveD saved20 Therearemanypeople tobuycarsinthemodernworld A wantB wantedC wantingD towant21 I mtoobusy tomyfamily Whynotcalltheminstead A writingB towriteC writtenD write22 Thelittleboywokeuphisfather HappyBirthday A callB tocallC calledD calling23 Thecar inGermanyinthe1960slooksoldnow A producedB producingC toproduceD whichproduced24 Whatareonshowinthemuseum Somepictures bytheAfricans A drawingB drawnC drewD weredrawn25 Thesickmanstayedinbed veryterrible A feltB feelingC isfeelingD wasfeeling B C B D A B B 26 Theboywasseen hisbikeamomentago Iamsorrytohearthat A felloffB tofalloffC falloffD tofalldown27 There resomanybeautifulpresentsintheshopthatIdon tknow A tochoosewhichoneB whatchooseC whichonetochooseD tochoosewhat28 Howbad Theystillhavenoideashow theproblem Let sgotohelpthem A solvingB solvedC tosolveD solves29 Whatisthebestwaydoyouthink thewildanimals A protectingB toprotectingC protectedD toprotect30 You dbetterhaveyoursportsjacket It stoodirty Thanks Iwill A towashB washedC washingD wash31 Thelittleboywasmade Englishforanotherhour Poorboy A readB readingC readsD toread32 Ithinkitiskind A ofhimtohelpmeB forhimtohelpC thathehelpmeD ofhimhelpingme B C C D B D A 33 It stoohottoday Whynot yourcoat A take