广州版九年级下册语法总汇.doc

卓越个性化教学讲义广州版九年级下册语法总汇精讲精练Step 1 U1单元重点语法定语从句1、关系代词who，whom, whose，which，that引导的定语从句。2、关系副词where，when, why引导的定语从句。【课文引例】However,some teachers believe that children who watch too much TV commercials care more about money and owning thing.但是有些老师相信看太多商业广告的孩子会更加关注钱财，关注占有物品。【知识点拨】who watch too many TV commercials 是定语从句，先行词是children，who在句子中作主语【实战分析】The man who spoke at the meeting is Li Mings father.在会议上发言的那个人是李明的父亲。 下面对定语从句进行详细讲解。定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who，whom, whose，which，that 。 关系副词有：where，when, why 。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 、关系代词引导的定语从句 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）【 能力测试】 The man _ is standing at the gate is Li Mings father.A. who B. which C. whose D. whom The boy _you met just now is my best friend.A. who B. which C. whose D. whom The policeman caught the thief _ stole the womans handbag.A. where B. whose C. that 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 【 能力测试】 The book _ cover is yellow is mine.A. who B. which C. whose D. whom The boy _ home is near the school walks to school everyday.A. who B. whose C. that D. whom Can I borrow your pen _color is black?A. who B. whom C. that D. of which3)which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别： 1）在以下情况下适用which,而不用that。 a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时 (错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. 试改正_b) 介词后不能用 请选出正确的句子。We depend on the land from that we get our food. We depend on the land from which we get our food. . 2) 只能用that而不能用which作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 。a) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. b) 先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。 He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water . c) 先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin . d) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited . e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate . 【 能力测试】 He talked about the classmates and the school _ he had visited. A. who B. that C. which D. about which We should do all _ is useful to people. A. / B. that C. it D. which The weather turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it I hope that the little _ I have been able to do does good to them all.A. which B. what C. that D. when We came to a place to _ they had never paid a visit before. A. what B. that C. which D. who2 、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词when, where, why是表示时间、地点、方式的名词，在从句中作状语。1） when表示时间，在定语从句中做时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如：time , hour ,day, week, month, year等。例如：Do you remember those days when we worked together?2） where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如：place, room, house, school, country等。例如：Yesterday we visited the factory where my father works.3） why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的一个词，reason.例如：Do you know the reason why she was late yesterday?【小提示】如果关系词在定语从句中 作主语或宾语，则不能再用when 和where，而要用which或that。例如：I can remember that day which/that we spent on the farm.The school that we study is very beautiful.【能力测试】 I never forget the time _we spent on the farm.A. where B. why C. when D. whichThis is the museum _ we visited last year.A. that B. why C. when D. whereThe house _he bought is very expensive.A. where B. why C. when D. which I still remember the time _we worked together.A. where B. why C. when D. whichLast week we visited the school _my friend works.A. where B. why C. when D. whichI dont know the reason _ she was angry.A. where B. why C. when D. whichStep 2 U2 单元重点语法-简单句简单句的类型一 简单句 只含一个主谓结构的句子（有时有并列主语或并列谓语动词）叫做简单句。二 简单句的基本句型。1. 主语+ 不及物动词 ( S + V ) The time passed quickly.2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 ( S + V +O ) We have planted a lot of trees in our hometown.3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 ( S + V + C ) Computers are useful in peoples life.4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 ( S + V + IO + DO ) He bought me a birthday present.5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ( S + V + O + C ) Miss Wang told me not to be discouraged.1. S+VThe train arrived.The little boy cried.这一句型的动词多为不及物动词。常见的有：appear 出现，arrive 到达，come 来，disappear 消失，fall 落下，lie 说谎，rain 下雨，sleep 睡眠等。练习（一）主语+不及物动词 ( S + V )1. 他昨天早上起床很晚。_2. 那天晚上我们谈了很多。_3. 会议将持续两个小时。_4. 1919年，在北京爆发了“五四”运动.( the May Fourth Movement)_5. 这个盒子重五斤。(kilo)_6. 五年前我住在北京。_7. 在过去十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。_2. S+V+OWe study English.He enjoys playing tennis.练习（二）主语+及物动词+宾语( S + V +O )1. 昨晚我写了一封信。_2. 我父亲能流利地说英语。fluently_3. 你介意我开窗户吗？_4. 你们必须在两周之内看完那些书。_5. 他指出我的作文中的错误。point out, composition_6. 我们必须派人去请医生。_7. 你在工作中可以依靠他。_8. 写完作文后，我们必须检查一遍。go over_3. S+V+双宾语He bought me a book.其中的me为间接宾语，a book 为直接宾语。若强调直接宾语，可将它置于动词之后。这时，间接宾语之前则必须用介词to或for.例如：I handed the letter to her.I will buy a book for you.可带to的动词常用的有：give，hand, lend, offer, pass, sell, send, show, write 等。可带for的动词常用的有：buy, choose, cook, do, fetch, find, make, prepare等。练习（三）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ( S + V + IO + DO )1. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。_2. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？dictionary_3. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。_4. 我替你叫辆出租车好吗？_5. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。_6. 他把车票给列车员看。conductor_4. S+V+CShe is clever.It sounds great.用于这一句型的动词除了be动词以外，还有其他系动词，如appear：看起来好像；become 成为；get 变得；grow 长成；look 看起来；feel 感觉；sound 听起来；smell 闻起来；taste 尝起来；turn 转变成；seem 似乎；go 变；stay 保持；prove 证明是，等等。练习（四）主语+系动词+表语( S + V + C )1.我的兄弟都是大学生。_2. 这本书是关于美国历史的书。_3. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。nursery_4. 他失业了。_5. 树叶已经变黄了。_6. 这个报告听起来很有意思。_7. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。_8. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。pianist_9. 孩子们，请保持安静。 _5. S+V+O+CWe call him Jim.We found it difficult.We shall have our house painted.He asked me to help him.这一句型，补语（即宾语补足语）可以是名词、形容词、分词或不定式。可带宾语补足语的常见动词有：call 把叫做，consider 认为，elect 选举，find 发觉，leave 留下，make 使成为，name 给取名为，colour 给着色，drive 迫使某人 ，get 使得， keep 保持，paint 把漆成颜色，turn 使变成，want 想要，have 使，hear 听到，see 看见，等。练习（五）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 ( S + V + O + C )1. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。consider_2. 我们把小偷释放了。setfree_3. 他叫我们参加做游戏。_4. 我要你把真相告诉我。_5. 每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。_6. 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。makefrightened_7. 他每个月理一次发。_8. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。_参考答案基本句型（一）主语+ 不及物动词 ( S + V )1. He got up very late yesterday morning. 2. That evening we talked a great deal.3. The meeting will last two hours.4. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.5. This box weighs five kilos. 6. I lived in Beijing five years ago.7. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.基本句型（二）主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 ( S + V +O )1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.My father can speak English fluently.3.Do you mind my opening the window.4.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.5.He pointed out the mistakes in my composition.6.We must send for a doctor. 7.You can depend on him in your work.8.After writing a composition, we must go over it.基本句型（三）主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 ( S + V + IO + DO )1. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.2. Would you please pass me the dictionary.3. My father has bought me a new bike.4. Shall I call you a taxi?5. This term I have written three letters to my parents.6. He showed the ticket to the conductor.基本句型（四）主语 + 系动词 + 表语 ( S + V + C )1 My brothers are all college students.2 This book is about the history of the United States.3 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.4 He is out of work. 5. The leaves have turned yellow.6 The report sounds interesting. 7. Mrs. Brown looks very healthy8 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.9. Children , keep quiet please.基本句型（五）5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ( S + V + O + C )1. All of us consider him honest. 2. The have set the thief free.3. He asked us to join in the game. 4. I want you to tell me the truth.5. Every morning we hear him read English aloud.6. The terrible sound made the children frightened.7. He has his hair cut once a month.8. We will make our school more beautiful.Step 3 U3语法-时态中考英语语法总复习之动词八大时态【学习目标】：初中阶段八种时态的结构及其用法。【学习过程】：I. 概述：英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表示。 动作发生的时间不同，动词的形式就有所不同。所以，动词的时态就是指动词在某一个时间段内应当采取的相应动词形态。我们已经学过的八种时态分别是：1. _2. _3. _4._5. _6. _7. _8. _1一般现在时 a表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。 常用的时间状语有：often, usually, always, every day等。 I go to school every day except Sunday. 除了星期日，我每天上学。 There are fifty students in our class. 我们班上有五十个学生。 u b表示一种客观事实或普遍真理 The earth is round. 地球是圆的. The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。 u c在条件状态从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。 If you dont go soon, youll be late. 如果你不快去的话，你就要迟到了。 I will wait for you until you come back. 我将一直等到你回来。 动词三单形式的变化规则：1. 大多数动词直接+s2. 以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾的动词+es3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i+es一般现在时专项练习题用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 2.一般过去式肯定式否定式 疑问式 一般动词 I (You, He, She, We, They) worked there. I (You, He, She, We, They) did not work there. Did you (I, he, she, we, they) work there? be动词 I (He, She, It) was there. We ( You, They) were there I (He, She, It) was not there. We (You, They) were not there. Was I (he, she, it) there? Were you (we, they) there? have动词 I (You, He, She, We, They) had books. I (You, He, She, We, They) had not/ didnt have any books Had I (you, he, she, we, they) any books?或Did I (you, he) have any books? 动词过去式的构成：(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, take-took, have (has)-had等。a 表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, just now, upon a time, in 1989, in the old days, when I was at middle school等。 He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了。 She wasnt at home last night. 她昨晚上在家。 Did you finish your work at four yesterday afternoon? 你昨天下午四点完成工作了吗？ b表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 I got up very early at that time. 我那时总是起得很早。 Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. 玛丽上中学时总是起得很晚，从来都没有足够时间吃早饭。 一般过去时专项练习题：1 My fatherill yesterday Aisnt B. arent C. wasnt D. werent2 your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were3 The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was4 your father at work the dayyesterday(前天） A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after 5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasnt 二、请用正确动词形式填空。(10)1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.3一般将来时肯定式 否定式 疑问式 I (We) shall / will go there I (We ) shall / will not go thereShall I (we) go there? You (He, She, They) will go there You (He, She, They) will not go there Will you (he, she, they) go there? a表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。 常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few days等。 Ill go and see her next Friday. 我下周五去看她。 He wont go there tomorrow morning. 他明天上午不到那儿去。 Will you do it again? 你再做一遍好吗？ b没有时间状语，根据上下文判断其谓语动作是将要发生的。 I dont know who will do it. 我不知道谁将做这件事。 Dont worry, he will be there on time. 别着急，他会准时在那儿。 c表示将来经常发生的动作。 From now on Ill get up early every morning. 从今以后，我每天早晨早起。 注意： 1）be going to这个结构表示： a即将发生的动作；b主语打算或准备要做的事；c说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生的事。be going to 结构中的be随着句子中主语的人称而变化。 例如： We are going to learn English. 我们将学习英语。 How are you going to spend your holidays? 你们打算怎样度过假期？ Look at these black clouds. I think its going to rain. 看这些黑云，我想天要下雨了。 2）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，一般将来时要用一般现在时代替。 He will come to see you when he has time. 他有空时会来看你的。 They will ring you up as soon as they get back. 他们一回来就打电话给你。 一般将来时专题练习题1、选择填空1.There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be2.Charlie _ here next month.A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work3.He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; isB. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be4.There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. was B. is going to have C. will haveD. is going to be5._ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be6.Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday.A. will give B. will give C. gives D. give7. Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?_. （不，不要。）A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont. D. No, please.8. Where is the morning paper? I _ if for you at once.A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get9._ a concert next Saturday?A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can beD. There are10. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have B. will have C. hadD. would have4现在进行时 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，常与时间状语now, this week, these days 等连用。肯定句:主语+be（is/am/are）+现在分词 否定句：主语+be（is/am/are）+not+现在分词 一般疑问句:be（is/am/are）+主语+现在分词 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth? 变