研究生英语课后习题整理.doc

Unit 9-Text A aspiring fabulous lousy consolidate residency 有抱负的 极好的 讨厌的 巩固 住院实习期 exotic abrogate overdue enumerate gratification 异国的 废除 过期的 列举、计算 喜悦1. Washington decided to abrogate the “eternal” treaty with Frances current government and declared the United States neutral.华盛顿决定中止与法国现政府的“永恒的”条约，宣布美国中立。2. He tried to consolidate his power, though, by putting forth policies that moderately that help the lower class.通过实施适度的政策，帮助下层阶级，他试图巩固自己的权力。3. These works are fabulous and fascinating and have been seen by very few people.这些作品很精彩，很吸引人，很少有人看到。4. The essence of patience is the ability to delay the gratification of an appetite in favor of a greater ultimate reward.耐心的本质是一种能在一个更大的终极奖励中延迟满足欲望的能力。5. Aspiring musicians must practice many hours a day to keep their good status before performances.有抱负的音乐家在表演前必须每天练习许多小时保持自己的良好状态。6. An overdue library book has not been returned to the library, even though the date on which it should have been returned has passed.逾期未归还图书馆的图书，即使已返回的日期已经过去了。7. For me, China is an exotic faraway place, somewhere I would love to visit.对我来说，中国是一个遥远的地方，我想去的地方。8. Its important to not feel lousy about every story we come across in tough times.对我们在艰难时期遇到的每一个故事不感到讨厌很重要。9. He would enumerate and review the steps of his reasoning so thoroughly that nothing could be omitted.他将彻底枚举和审查他的推理的步骤，这样，就没有什么可以省略。10. How long a residency lasts depends on the chosen area of medicine.住院时间多长，取决于所选地区的药物。1. This is the first game where we have looked like a championship contender after so many years effort. 这是在这么多年的努力之后的第一场比赛，让我们看起来像一个冠军争夺者。2. The press recorded its enthusiasm in a massive and lyrical outpouring of words and photographs that appeared prominently in hundreds of magazines and newspapers.新闻用大量抒情的文字和照片记录它的热情，醒目地出现在杂志和报纸上。3. I was frightened when I saw the gash in her arm. She said the dog gave her a desirable nip when she came by.当我看见她臂上的伤口我害怕。她说这只狗在她进来时给了她理想的吻。4. As a decision maker in the company, hes always producing grandiose plans that can never work, so he was fired in the end.作为公司的决策者，他总是制造不能实现的宏伟计划，所以他最终被解雇。5. After almost 30 minutes late, the meeting finally starts. The chairman led in with some apolitical words before his speech. 几乎30分钟后，会议终于开始了。主席先作了政治演讲词。6. He can be ruthless in getting what he wants, but I believe he dares not to kidnap children this time.他可以无情的得到他想要的东西，但我相信这次他不敢绑架孩子。7. Gene pattern is a structure, function, or attribute determined by a gene or group of genes.基因模式是由一个基因或一组基因决定的结构、功能或属性。8. My husband loves adventurous life while I enjoy a more peaceful domestic life, so we always have conflicts with each other.我丈夫喜欢冒险的生活，而我却享受着更安宁的生活，所以我们总是互相冲突。9. This groundbreaking project provides a greater understanding of how art, science, culture, and technology influence each other.这一开创性的项目，更深入地了解艺术、科学、文化和技术对彼此的影响。10. He is widely admired for his sunny indignation and for his fortitude in licking an alcohol problem that threatened to end his career more than 12 years ago.他因他阳光般的愤怒和他在酒精问题上的毅力受到广泛的称赞， 这个问题在12多年前就威胁他结束了他的职业生涯。The world is also full of people so ambitious, so consumed by drive and overdrive that nothing they pass on the to success has any value at all. Life becomes on long exercise in delayed; everything you do, youre doing only because it will one day get you where you want to be. Medical training is an excellent example of delayed gratification. You spend years in medical school doing things with no obvious relationship to your future as a doctor, and then you spend years in residency, living life on a miserable schedule, staying up all night and slogging through the day, telling yourself that one-day all this will be over. Its what you have to do to become a doctor, but its a lousy model for life in general. Theres nothing wrong with a little delayed gratification every now and then, but a job you do only because of where it will get you-and not because you like it-means a life of muttering to yourself, “Someday this will be over.” This is bad for the disposition.这个世界同样充斥着许许多多雄心勃勃的人们，他们往往过分专注于获得成功，因此对奋斗路上的一切风景都视而不见。生活变成了一个被无限延长的苦役，你做任何事的目的都只是帮你达到成功的目标。医学培训便是一个需要长久修行才能获得满足感的绝佳例子。你要在医学校花几年的时间去做和成为一名医生毫无关系的事情，然后再花几年的时间去实习，熬过一段痛苦的时期，在这期间你要日以继夜辛苦地工作，并安慰自己这一切总有一天会结束。这是成为一个医生必经的过程但对你的人生而言却是一种痛苦。偶尔经历一些迟来的满足感并没有什么不好，但如果你工作的目的只是因为它能帮你实现成功的愿望而不是因为你真心喜欢这个工作，那么你的生活中便充斥着这样的念头：“这种苦日子总会结束的”。这样的生活状态对人的性格发展是及其不利的。Unit 9-Text Brefrain treacherous haze proffer salient 克制、避免 奸诈的、叛逆的 阴霾 提供 著名的extirpate disrepute rudiment impugn assault 灭绝、破除 不光彩的 雏形 指责 攻击1. The reality is this is yet another assault on the dignity of the public and rights of the public.2. Suddenly, the singers eyes were full of haze and she sank down in a dead faint.3. Cornflakes, like Coca-Cola and French fries, became not only one of salient characteristics of American culture, but also a breakfast standby that invaded the rest of the world.4. To extirpate weeds is not only to destroy their visible parts but also to pull them out by the roots.5. Members vow to be generous where once they had been selfish, faithful where treacherous, honest where deceitful.6. He advised my attending certain places in London for the acquisition of such mere rudiment, as I wanted.7. In spite of all his efforts, he could not refrain from uttering a deep groan, which, however, was lost amid the noisy felicitations of the company.8. Whereas scientific management system proffer reference of objective refutation for individual profession development.9. It is unreasonable to impugn someones integrity without having proper evidence.10. After a long period of time, the official has finally fallen into disrepute for his embezzlement of the public junds.1. Along with illiteracy and innumeracy, we must add deep moral confusion to the list of educational problems.除了对文学和科学的无知，更深层次的道德困惑也应被列在亟待解决的教育 问题之列。2. And this mistrust of objectivity has begun to spill over into other areas of knowledge.对客观事实的怀疑也开始蔓延到科学的其他领域。3. He said, “Sought nothing less than to sweep aside all codes and restraints of the past and start out from zero.”他说：“要不遗余力地扫除以往的成规和限制，从新开始。”4. Before long, the hippies aversion to modern hygiene had consequences that were as unpleasant as they were unforeseen.不久后，嬉皮士对现代卫生学的抵制出现了令人不快而意外的结果。5. When “staring from zero”, they jettison basic social practices and institutions, abandon common routines, defy common sense, reason, conventional wisdom-and, sometimes, sanity itself.一旦他们决定“从零开始”，他们会摈弃基本的社会经验和准则，无视常理，否定基本的常识，规律，智慧，甚至会丧失理智。Unit 10-Text Avariable clutter embark on proposition undertaking 变量 混乱 从事于 提议 承担derail temper resolve into contemplation prophetic 出轨 调和 分解为、归结为 沉思、意图 预言的、先知的1. Armed with the right tools and materials, newly-weds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.有了合适的工具和材料，新婚夫妇高兴地开始装饰自己的家园的任务。2. Perhaps the claim then is that dying is not something that can be done in that way as a joint undertaking.也许这样的说法是指：死亡不是一种可以在联合承担的方式中所做的事情。3. But a new MIT analysis may serve to temper enthusiasm about wind power, at least at very large scales.但一个新的麻省理工学院的分析可以调和降温风力发电的热情，至少在非常大的规模上可以。4. Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.四十七年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上自由孕育了一个新的国家，献身于所有的人都是平等的主张。5. Much of engineering education deals with topics of analysis, which means to decompose, to take apart, to resolve into it constituent parts.工程教育的大部分内容涉及分析，这意味着分解以解决它的组成部分。6. With so many variables, the exact cost is difficult to estimate.具有如此多的变量，准确的成本是很难估计的。7. Theres still a lot of contemplation that is needed before such an earthshattering decision.在这样一个惊天动地的决策作出之前还需要很多的思考。8. Adams words, published in 1931, early in the Great Depression, sound prophetic for our own times.亚当的话，在1931出版，在大萧条的早期，预言了我们这个时代。9. “I personally dont believe that these deadly attacks will derail the government determination to pursue its plan to stabilize the country.”“我个人不认为这些致命的袭击将破坏政府决心推行稳定国家局势的计划。”10. It can actually be an emotional relief to tie up loose ends and clear out clutter. 它实际上是一种情感上的解脱，以配合松散的结束和清除混乱。1. We should teach young people the respectful, safe and socially appropriate way to enjoy alcohol in moderation.我们应该教年轻人以尊重，安全和社会的适当的方式来适度享受酒精。2. Without principles, policy makers inevitably make mistakes and succumb to lobbying pressure.没有原则，决策者会不可避免地犯错误，并向游说施压。3. Were going to temporarily get off of this esoteric stuff, and go back to more obvious one.我们会暂时离开这个深奥的东西，回到更明显的一种说法。4. Classical Feng Shui began as a(n) interplay of construction and astronomy.古典风水学开始于建筑和天文学的相互作用。5. Those labors, unable to feed their families, went on strike in January to protest against the plummeting value of their salaries.这些劳动力，无法养活他们的家庭，在一月举行罢工以抗议他们工资水平的直线下降6. I wanted to do it a different way which is a little bit convoluted, but it introduces the idea of a thermodynamic cycle, and its something that were going to use a lot in the class.我想用一个不同的方式做，有点费解，但它介绍了热力学循环的概念，这是我们上课要经常用到的概念。7. Making good decisions requires us to balance the seemingly antithetical forces of emotion and rationality.做出好的决定，要求我们要平衡看似对立的情感与理性。8. These pages have been filled with eminent thinkers arguing over whether it is time to bring the economic stimulus to an end.这些网页充满了杰出的思想家争论现在是否是经济刺激计划结束的时间。9. Sam says that young people have to be reminded that reading is fun and can be an interactive, enjoyable experience, not a chore.山姆说，年轻人应该意识到，读书是一种快乐的，能够互动的，令人愉快的经历，而不是一件苦差事。10. The effect of certain political factors in the international arena on world economic trends cannot be overlooked.国际舞台上某些政治因素对世界经济趋势的影响不容忽视。Besides simplicity, other things I have found to be essential to success are communication, moderation and patience, adaptability, decisiveness, confidence, unconventional thinking, social responsibility, and last, but by no means least, luck. The importance of these attributes is in their interaction. Some of them are antithetical to others-patience will often collide with decisiveness, for instance-and yet it is hard to think of any of my decisions in which they did not play a role.If any one concept emerges from the interplay of these traits, it is that of balance-very much a Confucian ideal. Balance is really nothing more than an orientation that gives you a sense of where you are in any given situation. It is what prevents you from getting so caught up in the pressures of the moment that you lose sight of where you are going and what must be done. It is what tempers decisiveness so that it does not lead to dictatorship. It is what tempers confidence so that a useful trait does not become a dangerous one. 除了简朴，其它我发现对成功至关重要的因素是交流，适度，耐性，适应性，果断，自信，非常规思维，社会责任感，最后（但并非是最不重要的）还有运气。有关这些因素的重要性在于他们的互相作用。它们中有些是互为对立的，例如耐性与果断有抵触。然而很难想象在我的任何决策过程中，他们会不发挥作用。如果说这些因素互相作用产生了一种概念，这就是平衡的概念-很像是儒家的思想。平衡其实只不过是一种定位，它告诉你在一特定的境遇中你的位置所在。当你因迷失方向，不知所措而处于压力之下时它可以有助于你摆脱压力。它可以对果断进行调和，这样就不会导致独裁。它可以调和自信，这样有用的东西就不会变成危险的东西。Unit 10-Text B drop in on sign off diverge proportionally drown out不速之客、顺道 停止活动 分歧、偏离 相适的、成比例的 淹没、压过screw up dawn on relent stumble into sedate 拧紧、鼓舞 渐渐明白 减弱、缓和 无意中卷入、犯 安静、沉着的1. While that might cause inflation down the road, it also can make the debt proportionally smaller.2. President Obama has yet to indicate publicly whether he would sign off on such a deal.3. As one retail boss puts it, views diverge widely, “They (the manufacturers) see China as a threat and we see China as an opportunity.”4. If Miss Crawley did not forgive them at present, she might at least relent on future day.5. It was said that state security personnel dropped in on that chat rooms unannounced.6. I knew this climb would be a big deal but it didnt quite dawn on me until last night that this is a truly historic ascent.7. Because of its isolation, the Sarlacc rarely deeds, as it must rely on animals that stumble into the pit.8. Doctors have been told not to sedated children with an anesthetic that may be linked to five deaths.9. The truth is that most people mean well, even if they screw up every now and then.10. Others walked away with their heads down, some wearing head phones to drown out questions.1. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.追寻我的好奇与直觉，我所驻足的大部分事物，后来看来都成了无价之宝。 2. But something slowly began to dawn in me-I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.但是渐渐的，我发现，我还是喜爱着我做过的事情，在苹果的日子经历的事件没有丝毫改变我爱做的事。我被否定了，可是我还是爱做那些事情，所以我决定从头来过。3. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Lifes change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new.4. 3. 这是注定的，因为死亡简直就是生命中最棒的发明，是生命变化的媒介，送走老人们，给新生代留下空间。5. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.6. 4. 在停刊号的封底，有张早晨乡间小路的照片，那种你去爬山时会经过的乡间小路。 7. It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.这是他们签署的告别信息。保持饥饿。保持愚蠢。我总是以此自许。现在，你们即将毕业，开始新的旅程，我希望你们也能这样。Unit 11-Text Aadolescent niche tentative draw upon accentuate青少年的 适当的位置 试验性的、犹豫的 利用 强调、突出invoke strike up enjoin compartmentalize attachment 调用 开始、建立 命令、吩咐 划分、分类 附件、链接物1. The next round of talks is tentatively scheduled to begin October 21st in Washington.下一轮会谈暂定于10月21日在华盛顿举行。2. In his gatherings, he would enjoin the people to do the good and to abjure for committing wrong.在他的聚会上，他要求每个人都做到最好避免犯错误。3. The new grouping should play down politics, which tends to divide countries, and accentuate economics.新的分组应该淡化政治，倾向于把国家分开、强调经济学。4. Hes the kind of person who can meet anybody and almost instantaneously strike up a commonality.他是一个能满足任何人的人，能够立刻就建立起一个共同点。5. It is important that a(n) adolescent boy should have an adult in whom he can confide.青少年应该有一个成年的他可以信赖的人，这是非常重要的。6. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.让双方寻求调用发现科学的奇迹，而不是它的恐惧。7. Older people are better at solving problems, because they have more mental information to draw upon than younger people do.老年人能更好的解决问题，因为比起年轻人他们有更多的心理信息可以利用。8. You must compartmentalize everything you do in order to remain focused on the goal at hand. You must maximize your time and energy to capture the goal.你必须保证你所做的一切都是为了专注手头的目标。你必须最大限度地发挥你的时间和精力来捕捉目标。9. A new study suggests that just fingering an item on a store shelf can create a(n) attachment that makes you willing to pay more for it.一项新的研究表明，只要触摸货架上的一件商品可以创建一个链接让你愿意为它付出更多。10. Simon Lane quickly found his niche as a busy freelance model maker.西蒙巷很快找到了自己的定位，作为一个典型的忙碌的自由职业者。1. More than four in ten think it is acceptable to share a friends secret with someone who does not know them, with over 40 percent saying their husband is their ultimate confidant.超过十分之四的人认为和不认识的人分享朋友的秘密是可以接受的，超过百分之40的人说她们的丈夫就是他们最终的知己。2. Theres a superficial sense of recognition-they suggest some cave paintings-but careful examination reveals readable narratives.有一种表面上的认识，他们认为一些洞穴绘画如果仔细检查，揭示了某种可读的叙述。3. The greatest sin is self-deception. Life of the most miserable temperament is the inferiority complex. Lifes biggest bankruptcy is despair.最大的罪过是自我欺骗。人生最惨的气质是自卑情结。人生最大的破产是绝望。4. But a landmark decision by Canadas Supreme Court last year could put fresh pressure on the provinces.但加拿大最高法院去年做的一个里程碑式的决定，可能给各省带来新压力。5. This initiative demonstrates once more our commitment to securing a just and lasting peace.这项倡议再次表明我们致力于确保公正和持久的和平。6. Everything, polished and precipitated by time, finally grows into a habit, a kind of tacit understanding, and even a culture.每样东西，被时间抛光和沉淀，最终成长为一种习惯，一种默契，甚至一种文化。7. Still, many people are cautiously hopeful, believing that the new Constitution will impose irrevocable changes upon Thailands political arena. 仍然有很多人对这一新的宪法将在泰国的政治舞台上引起不可撤销的改变而抱有谨慎的观望。8. Her experience will heighten awareness of the importance of families dealing with end of life issues.她的经验将提高对家庭对于处理临终问题重要性的认识。9. Troops in the Philippines have been put on full alert in anticipation of trouble during a planned general strike. 在计划中的大罢工期间，菲律宾军队已全面戒备。10. We will intensify our efforts to make nine-year compulsory education available throughout the central and western regions.我们将加大力度在中西部地区普及九年义务教育。The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is not a lack of appreciation of friendship, but different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being. In those European countries that Americans are most likely to visit, friendship is quite sharply distinguished form other, more casual relations, and is differently related to family life.For a Frenchman, a German or an Englishman friendship is usually more particularized and carries a heavier burden of commitment.But as we use the word, “friend” can be applied o a wide range of relationships-to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a close business associate, to childhood playmate, to a man or woman, to a trusted confidant. There are real differences among those relations for Americans - a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational