语法之非谓语动词.doc

非谓语动词非谓语动词顾名思义在句中不能做谓语，但可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语。非谓语动词包括:动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和动词的-ed形式三种。 非谓语动词有以下几种形式的变化。非谓语动词形 态语 态主动语态被动语态动词不定式一般式进行式 /完成式完成进行式/动名词与现在分词一般式完成式过去分词一般式/I. 动词不定式动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成。这里的to 是不定式的标志，没有意义。1. 动词不定式作宾语: 即动词+to do，试着写出带括号动词的含义吧。可以接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford( ), promise( ), refuse( ), expect( ), hope, learn, offer( ), wish, want, fail( ), plan, agree, like, prefer. decide, manage( ), pretend( ), desire( )等。2动词不定式作宾语补足语：即动词+sb. + to do, 试着写出带括号动词的含义吧。 不定式常跟在以下动词后作宾补：advise( ), ask, tell, help, wish, want, expect, forbid( ), request( ),require( )等但在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, observe, feel, make, let, have 动词之后，用省略to 的不定式作宾补(即动词+sb. +do)，但当变为被动语态时，不定式要带to(即be +动词的过去分词+to do)。The doctor advised her to have a good rest.I often hear him sing the song.-He is often heard to sing the song. 动词的-ing形式1. 动词的-ing形式作宾语,即动词+doing，请写出以下带括号动词的含义吧。以下动词或词组后用动词的-ing形式作宾语，不用不定式：admit( ), appreciate( ), avoid( ), advise, allow( ), consider( ), delay( ), dislike, enjoy, escape( ), finish, imagine( ), keep, mind( ), miss( ), practice( ), permit( ), forbid( ), suggest( ), risk( ), lead to( ), look forward to( ), give up, cant help( )等。Would you mind my opening the window?I look forward to seeing you again.2动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，即动词+sb.+doing，请写出以下带括号动词的含义吧。在以下动词后：see, hear, notice( ), watch( ), keep, find, feel( ), have( ), leave( )?When I passed his room, I heard him singing.?She kept her boy friend waiting for a long time.温馨提示：现在分词作宾补具有以下特点：动作正在进行；整个动作过程中的一部分；瞬间情景；和宾语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。. 动词的-ed 形式1. 动词的-ed 形式作定语单个的-ed形式作定语一般前置；-ed短语作定语要后置，在意义上相当于一个定语从句。This is a used car. 这是一部旧车。给下列两句填入合适的词使之变成定语从句做定语吧。That is the car ( )used in the war. The houses, ( )built last year, were destroyed by the tornado yesterday.温馨提示：-ed形式作定语与被修饰的词之间是被动关系。2-ed形式作表语 Hearing the exciting news, he was too excited to say a word.非谓语动词辨析1-ing 形式和不定式作宾语的区别：动词的-ing形式具有名词的作用或性质，作宾语或主语时-ing形式常常表示一个概念，或是习惯性的事情。而动词不定式作宾语时，表示具体的、一次性的、个别的或将来的动作。1) 动词begin, start, continue,后接动词-ing形式和不定式，一般意思相同。 I began to work. = I began working. 2） 动词like后可接-ing形式，也可接不定式。但是含义不同。 I like sleeping late, but I dont like to sleep late today. (英译汉) _3） 有些动词或短语跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语含义不同，常见的这类动词有：(英译汉或补充完整)forget / remember _ 记得/忘记去做某事 forget / remember doing_ _regret to do_ _ regret _ _ 后悔做过某事try _ _ 尽力/企图做谋事 try _ _ 尝试着做谋事mean to do _ _ mean _ _意味着（做某事）stop _ _ 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing _ _go on to do 继续做另一件事情 go on doing 继续做原来的事情cant help _ _不能帮助做某事 cant help doing _ _ need / want / require doing / to be done_ _3. 现在分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别即动词+sb.+do和动词+sb.+doing的区别1) 感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice等和使役动词have后面的宾语补足语有两种形式 即动词原形（不带to的不定式）、现在分词。现在分词表示主动或正在进行，动词原形表主动和完成。?I heard her sing an English song just now.?I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room yesterday.2) have sb. doing sth. 使/让某人持续地做某事，也可换成keep/leave sb. doing sth. have sb. do sth. 使/让某人去做某事?Its wrong of you to have the boy standing in the rain.?Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.*4. 现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语时的区别，即动词+sb+doing与动词+sb+done的区别。现在分词作宾语补足语具有以下特点：动作正在进行；整个动作过程中的一部分；瞬间情景；和宾语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。过去分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。The two cheats had their lights burning all night long.(lights和burning是主谓关系)He left his work finished.他留着工作不做。（finish与work是动宾关系）*5. 动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语的区别 不定式表示将要发生的动作; 现在分词表示主动、正在进行的动作; 过去分词表示被动、已完成的动作。 ?We always have too much homework . ( do ) ？There are many students (play)basketball in the playground. ？We ate great meals (cook)by experts. 【注意】to be done/being done/done三种形式做定语时意义的区别：to be done将要被，being done正在被，done已经被?The meeting tomorrow is very important. ?The meeting now is very important. （held）?The meeting yesterday is very important. *6. 动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词做状语时的区别：不定式一般做目的状语，发生在句子的谓语动词之后。现在分词表示和句子的谓语同时发生，并和句子的主语表主动。过去分词表示已经完成，并和句子的主语表被动。 ? ( catch )up with other classmates, he is studying harder. ?They climbed onto the steamboat, (keep) as quiet as mice. ? (Force) to change his plans, he worked for several years as a pilot on a steamboat. 7. 动名词、动词不定式作主语 不定式通常表示具体的、一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作，动名词通常表示一般的、经常性的动作或用在It is no use / good / useless / a waste of time + doing sth. 句型中。Its not very good for you to smoke so much. 抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。Swimming is a good form of exercise. 游泳是一种很好的运动。Its no good arguing with him. 跟他争论毫无用处。语法4 连系动词连接主语，表示主语的身份、性质、状态的动词，称为连系动词（link verbs）。连系动词词义不完整，必须和表语一起构成主系表句型。请写出以下带有括号的系动词的含义。1. 常见的表示状态的连系动词有：be, look( ), seem( ), appear( ), smell( ), taste( ), sound( ), feel( ), keep( ), stay( )等。She always keeps silent whenever I see her.2. 表示转换或结果的连系动词常见的有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, fall, prove(证明)等。 He went deaf as he grew older.(英译汉)_ ?His dream came true in the end. ?The problem proved very difficult. 检测巩固1. Can I smoke here?Sorry, we dont allow _ here.A. people smokingB. people smokeC. to smokeD. smoking2. _ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A. SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprised3. He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left.A. to findB. findingC. foundD. to have found4. My parents have always made me _ about myself even when I was twelve.A. feeling wellB. feeling goodC. feel wellD. feel good5. _ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.A. To find outB. Finding outC. Find outD. Having found out6. Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made _ in the restaurant.A. workB. to workC. workedD. working7. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt8. The last one _ pays the meal.(2007 全国) Agreed!A. arrivedB. arrivesC. to arriveD. arriving9. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works.A. working; stoppingB. to work; stoppingC. working; to stopD. to work; to stop10. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers _ by her mother.A. to be bought B. being boughtC. were boughtD. bought11. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited12. We shouldnt be afraid to have our shortcomings _.A. pointing outB. point outC. being pointed outD. pointed out13. Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. to seat B. to be seated C. seatingD. seated14. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.A. coveringB. coveredC. coverD. to cover15. Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it.A. interestedB. interesting C. interestinglyD. interestedly 非谓语动词(2012 年高考题)1 Tony lent me the money, _ that Id do as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped2 The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy_ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched3 . I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 4 . When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked5 . _to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked6 . Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A. to be made B. being madeC. made D. having been made7 . The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit8 . Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to9 . One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting10 . _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use11 . _ at the door before you enter my room, please.A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock12 . China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _ in the South China Sea. A. attacking B. having attacking C. being attacked D. having been attacked13 . Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized14 _ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand15 . If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet16 . George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him.A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 17 . After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _.A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide 17 . Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success.A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do 18 . Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to use B. used C. using D. use19 . The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. starting B. being starting C. to start D. to be started20 . He got up late and hurried to his office, _ the breakfast untouched.A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left21 . Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _ to the new students.A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken22 . John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it.A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered23 . The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog _.A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows24 . This machine is very easy _. An