高中英语定语从句讲解及练习.doc

高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句讲解+学案7.61.导入（1）什么是定语？_.（2）the green team;the team in green;the team who were wearing green;共同点：_;不同点：_3.定义在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，从句由关系词/引导词引导。根据定义我们可以得出：（1）先行词只能是：_和_; 它是从_中提出来的；（2）定语从句的结构：先行词+关系词+从句（ ）（3）关系词的作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。4.关系词的分类 关系代词： 关系副词：人：who,whom,that 时间：when物：which,that 地点：Where所属关系：whose(人，物) 原因：why例题一：1.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot.(合成定语从句)合成的定语从句的复合句为_先行词为_先行词在定语从句中承担的句子成分为_.定语从句为_定语从句的引导词为_它属于关系（代词，副词）。2The man sells vegetables. You saw him just now.3.The train was late. It was going to Fengxian.例题二：分析下列含有定语从句的复合句1.This is the school that you visited last year.主句为_.定语从句为_.定语从句的引导词为_.引导词在定语从句中作_.定语从句修饰的先行词为_.2.We visited a factory which/that makes toys for children.3.The man (who/whom/that) you just talked to was a friend of mine.4.Charles who dislikes parties is a strange character.5.Football is an activity which/that is liked by most boys.例题三：1.The boys (who are playing football) are from Class One.2. She has a brother whose name I cant remember.3. The film which/that they went to see last night was not interesting at all.4.The girl who/whom/that the teacher often praises is our monitor.5.Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.5.做定语从句的方法步骤：1）首先判断该句是否是定语从句；2）划分出主句和从句的结构；3）找出先行词；4）判断定语从句中缺少什么成分，再看先行词指的是人，物，时间，地点还是原因；5）用代入还原法检验定语从句是否符合语意逻辑和语法规则（即把先行词带入还原到定语从句中）。例题四：用适当的关系代词。We need friends (_ can help us.)1.The boy _ wears new clothes is my brother.2.The dog _ is running is mine.3.The man _comes here every morning is a basketball player.4.I sang the song _I wrote myself.5.This is the doctor _saved the womans life.6.The pen _ is on the desk isnt hers.7.Do you know the boy _coat is black?8.The book _he bought yesterday is very interesting.9.The little girl is afraid of movies _ have scary monsters.10.The boy _I spoke to is from Shanghai自主学习： (一)只能用that不能用which 当先行词是不定代词时all/none/anything/nothing/everythingAll _ can be done must be done.We should make use of everything _ is useful. 当先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the very/the only/the right / just the修饰时This is the only book _ I can find in my desk.The first thing _ you should do is to eat sth. 当先行词被all/little/few/much/some/any/no/every 修饰时We heard clearly ever word _ he saidAll the students_ are studying in our class are from Guangdong province. 当主句前以which / who 开头的特殊疑问词时 (避免重复)Who is the girl _ is standing over there?Which ball is the one _ belongs to Mike?当先行词在从句中作表语时China is not the country _ it was. Im not the foolish girl _I was 当先行词同时指物和人时, 只能用that.We are talking about the people and the things _ we have visited in the county.there be 句型中There is a seat in the corner _ is still free.Homework定语从句专项练习1.Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need. A. what B. who C. whom D. which2.This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom3.Do you know the man _ is sitting behind Nancy? A. what B. which C. who D. whom4.The book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. / B. why C. when D. what5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places _ you can visit during the winter holidays. A. where B. which C. what D. that6.Id like to tell you about the table manners _ you should know when you visit Korea. A. which B. who C. what D. how7. Here is a book _ will give a lot of useful knowledgeA .what B. whom C. whose D. that 8. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 9.Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 10.-What kind of music do you like? -I like music _ has great lyrics. A. that B. what C. who D. whose11.That is the only thing _ I bought from the supermarket. A. which B. that C. what D. where12.The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which13.The computer _ last week has gone wrong. A. which I bought it B. I bought C. what I bought D. I bought it14.That is the poor boy _ father died in a traffic accident last year. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which15.Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree? A. who B. whom C. which D. where16.Is the woman _ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother? A. who B. whom C. which D. what17.The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher. A. what B. whose C. whom D. which18.I like to live in a house _ is big and bright. A. that B. who C. how D. why19.I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whom B. which C. who D. when20.I am one of the boys _never late for school. A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is21.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk _ would like to speak with you. A. he B. who C. which D. whom22.I love the small village _ I was born in. A. that B. which C. where D. whose23.Here comes the girl _ handwriting is the best in our class. A. which B. whose C. that D. who24.My parents usually buy me some simple clothes _ can last a long time. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose25.-Is the girl _ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend? -Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose26.-Do you know everybody _ came to the party? -No, I dont know the one_ you had a long talk with near the door. A. who;/ B. whose; that C. that; which D. /; whom27.The boy_ won the first prize is called Roy. A. when B. whom C. who D. which28.Children like houses _ are painted in different colours. A. which B. they C. those D. what29.Do you think most students prefer tests _ have easy questions? A. who B. where C. that D. it30. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory _ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory. A. where B. whose C. in which D. thatKeys: 1-5 DACAD 6-10 ADABA 11-15BABCA16-20 ACACB 21-25 BBBBC26-30ACACA定语从句关系副词学案 一、复习1.做定语从句的方法步骤。2.关系代词和关系副词。二、关系副词引导的定语从句典型例题一1.Is this the factory_we visited last year?2. Is this the factory_ he workerd last year?3. Is this the factory_ he workerd in last year?4. Is this factory_ we visited last year?A. which B. that C.where D.the one E. /复习回顾：关系副词有:_(指时间), _(指地点), _(指原因), 在定语从句中作_(什么成分)。1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when (on which) I first came to this school. He came at a time when(at which) we need him most. 2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。I recently went back to the town where (in which) I was born. Whats the name of the place where (at which) you spent your holiday?3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why (for which) you missed the plane. The reason why (for which) he was punished is unknown to us.典型例题二（定语从句 的重难点）1 先行词是表时间的名词 I still remember the days _ I stayed in Beijing. I still remember the days _ I spent in Beijing.2. 先行词是表地点的名词 He showed me the place _ he lived. This is the place _ we visited last year.3. 先行词是表原因的名词 This is the reason_ we must go earlier. The reason _ you gave us was reasonable.小结：_典型例题三（巩固 + 提高练习）1.This is the room_ he visited last year2. This is the room_ he visited professer Smith last year.1 Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?2 Is this shop _ sells childrens clothing?3 Is this shop _ childrens clothing is sold ?A.which B. that C. where D. The one that E.the one where自主学习：一、只用who，不能用that代替的情况：1. 在非限制性定语从句中His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 2. 先行词是one, anyone, those时One who has nothing to fear for himself dares to tell the truth. Anyone who breaks the law shall be punished. Those who are against the plan put up your hands please. 二、注意：先行词为stage, point, position, situation, case, business(企业)，atmodphere(气氛),family，circumstance等表模糊的地点或抽象的地点时，引导词用_1.They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.2.We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.3.We were put into a position where we had either to accept we were less important or 4.fight the government.5.I can think of many cases where students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.6.I worked in a business where almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.三、判断关系代词与关系副词的辨别：方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：This is the village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。自我检测：Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? Is this the museum _you visited? A.where B. that C. on which 1. That is the town _ he was born. A.which B. where C. when D. why2.Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago? A.that B.where C.which D.theone3. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one4. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who5. It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose6. I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when7. This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which8.The house I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.9. The house I lived in ten years ago has been pulled down.10. I dont know the reason he looks unhappy today.考点一：关系代词who,whom,whose的选择：This is the man _often helps you.He is the student _composition won the first prize.Dont get close to the house _roof is under repair.The person with _I shook hands is my teacher.考点二：关系代词和关系副词的选择：1.This is the market _you can buy many things . This is the market _sells all kinds of things.2. (1) Theres one point _we must insist on. (2) She reached a point _she was supposed to make decisions of her own.3. (1) I didnt believe the reason _he explained to me.(2) I didnt believe the reason _ he went there.4. Its a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. Its a job_ I dislike 5. There was a time _I hated to go to school.定于从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句 判断关系代词与关系副词 限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the manwho/thatwants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the manwhom/ thatI saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：They rushed over to help the manwhosecar had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the bookwhosecover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。Please pass me the bookof whichthe cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。例如： There are occasionswhen（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the placewhere（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reasonwhy（for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （ ） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （ ） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （ ） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （ ） Ill never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。18.5 介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。有时，前面的介词可移到定语从句的中间或后面，此时whom可用who, that代替；which可以用that代替。而且who, whom, which, that都可省略。例如：This is the housein whichI lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。This is the housewhereI lived two years ago.This is the housewhich/thatI livedintwo years ago.Do you remember the dayon whichyou joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？Do you remember the daywhenyou joined our club?介词+which+n.的用法，常见的如：in which case/at which time/in which way实际上相当于and in that case/and at that time/and in that wayShe may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能迟到，因此我们应该等她。I will be around the area at 5 pm, at which time Ill pick you up.fromwhere的用法fromwhere实际上属于“介词+副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句，表示“从那里”，如：Hestoodbehindthecurtain,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappeningoutside.他站在窗帘后面，从那里他可以看到外面正在发生的事。18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。区别如下：一、 as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思；如：(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.二、 as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。如：It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.As is known to the world, china is great country.三、as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。四、如果非限制性定语从句部分是否定意义的句子，只能用which.如：He should have passed the driving test, _was beyond expectation.He passed the driving test,_was expected.典型例题1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. whichD. he 答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented m