2009年英语专八真题与答案解析.doc

2009年英语专八真题与答案解析TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY Whilelistening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will needthem to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will begiven two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-fillingtask on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Writing Experimental ReportsI.Content of an experimental report, e.g.- study subject/ area- study purpose- _1_II.Presentation of an experimental report- providing details- regarding readers as _2_III.Structure of an experimental report- feature: highly structured and _3_- sections and their content:INTRODUCTION _4_; why you did itMETHOD how you did itRESULT what you found out_5_ what you think it showsIV. Sense of readership- _6_: reader is the marker- _7_: reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent person with little knowledge of your study- tasks to fulfill in an experimental report: introduction to relevant arean necessary background informationn development of clear argumentsn definition of technical termsn precise description of data _8_nV. Demands and expectations in report writing- early stage: understanding of study subject/area and its implicationsn basic grasp of the reports formatn- later stage: _9_ on research significancen- things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION: inadequate materialn _10_ of research justification for the studyn SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Toastmasters was originally set up to train speaking skills.B. Toastmasters only accepts prospective professional speakers.C. Toastmasters accepts members from the general public.D. Toastmasters is an exclusive club for professional speakers.2. The following are job benefits by joining Toastmasters EXCEPTA. becoming familiar with various means of communication.B. learning how to deliver messages in an organized way.C. becoming aware of audience expectations.D. learning how to get along with friends.3. Toastmasters general approach to training can be summarized asA. practice plus overall training.B. practice plus lectures.C. practice plus voice training.D. practice plus speech writing.4. Toastmasters aims to train people to be all the following EXCEPTA. public speakers.B. grammar teachers.C. masters of ceremonies.D. evaluators.5. The interview mainly focuses onA. the background information.B. the description of training courses.C. the requirements of public speaking.D. the overall personal growth.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 6 and 7 arebased on the foUowing news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6. Which of the following is the main cause of global warming?A. Fossil fuel.B. Greenhouse gases.C. Increased dryness.D. Violent storm patterns.7. The news item implies that _ in the last report.A. there were fewer studies doneB. there were fewer policy proposalsC. there was less agreementD. there were fewer objectivesQuestions 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.8. The cause of the Indian train accident wasA. terrorist sabotage.B. yet to be determined.C. lack of communications.D. bad weather.9. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. The accident occurred on a bridge.B. The accident occurred in New Delhi.C. There were about 600 casualties.D. Victims were rescued immediately.Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.10. What is the main message of the news item?A. Young people should seek careers advice.B. Careers service needs to be improved.C. Businesses are not getting talented people.D. Careers advice is not offered on the Intemet.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AWe had been wanting to expand our childrens horizons by taking them to a place that wasunlike anything wed been exposed to during our travels in Europe and the United States. Inthinking about what was possible from Geneva, where we are based, we decided on a trip toIstanbul, a two-hour plane ride from Zurich.We envisioned the trip as a prelude to more exotic ones, perhaps to New Delhi or Bangkoklater this year, but thought our 11- and 13-year-olds needed a first step away from manicuredboulevards and pristine monuments.What we didnt foresee was the reaction of friends, who warned that we were putting ourchildren in danger, referring vaguely, and most incorrectly, to disease, terrorism or just theunknown. To help us get acquainted with the peculiarities of Istanbul and to give our children achance to choose what they were particularly interested in seeing, we bought an excellentguidebook and read it thoroughly before leaving.Friendly warnings didnt change our planning, although we might have more prudentlychecked with the U.S. State Departments list of troublespots. We didnt see a lot of childrenamong the foreign visitors during our six-day stay in Istanbul, but we found the tourist areasquite safe, very interesting and varied enough even to suit our son, whose oft-repeated request isthat we not see every single church and museum in a given city.Vaccinations werent needed for the city, but we were concemed about adapting to thewater for a short stay. So we used bottled water for drinking and brushing our teeth, a precautionthat may seem excessive, but we all stayed healthy.Taking the advice of a friend, we booked a hotel a 20-minute walk from most of Istanbulsmajor tourist sites. This not only got us some morning exercise, strolling over the KarakoyBridge, but took us past a colorful assortment of fishermen, vendors and shoe shiners.From a teenager and pre-teens view, Istanbul street life is fascinating since almosteverything can be bought outdoors. They were at a good age to spend time wandering thelabyrinth of the Spice Bazaar, where shops display mounds of pungent herbs in sacks. Doing thiswith younger children would be harder simply because the streets are so packed with people; itwould be easy to get lost.For our two, whose buying experience consisted of department stores and shopping mallboutiques, it was amazing to discover that you could bargain over price and perhaps end up withtwo of something for the price of one. They also learned to figure out the relative value of theTurkish lira, not a small matter with its many zeros.Being exposed to Islam was an important part of our trip. Visiting the mosques, especiallythe enormous Blue Mosque, was our first glimpse into how this major religion is practiced. Ourchildrens curiosity already had been piqued by the five daily calls to prayer over loudspeakersin every corner of the city, and the scarves covering the heads of many women.Navigating meals can be troublesome with children, but a kebab, bought on the street or inrestaurants, was unfailingly popular. Since we had decided this trip was not for gourmets, kebabsspared us the agony of trying to find a restaurant each day that would suit the adults desire to trysomething new amid childrens insistence that the food be served immediately. Gradually, webranched out to try some other Turkish specialties.Although our son had studied Islam briefly, it is impossible to be prepared for everyawkward question that might come up, such as during our visits to the Topkapi Sarayi, theOttoman Sultans palace. No guides were available so it was do-it-yourself, using our guidebook,which cheated us of a lot of interesting history and anecdotes that a professional guide couldprovide. Next time, we resolved to make such arrangements in advance.On this trip, we wandered through the magnificent complex, with its imperial treasures, itscourtyards and its harem. The last required a bit of explanation that we would have happily lefto a learned third party.11. The couple chose Istanbul as their holiday destination mainly becauseA. the city is not too far away from where they lived.B. the city is not on the list of the U.S. State Department.C. the city is between the familiar and the exotic.D. the city is more familiar than exotic.12. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. The family found the city was exactly what they had expected.B. Their friends were opposed to their holiday plan.C. They could have been more cautious about bringing kids along.D. They were a bit cautious about the quality of water in the city. 13. We learn from the couples shopping experience back home thatA. they were used to bargaining over price.B. they preferred to buy things outdoors.C. street markets were their favourite.D. they preferred fashion and brand names.14. The last two paragraphs suggest that to visit places of interest in IstanbulA. guidebooks are very useful.B. a professional guide is a must.C. one has to be prepared for questions.D. one has to make arrangements in advance.15. The family have seen or visited all the following in Istanbul EXCEPTA. religious prayers.B. historical buildings.C. local-style markets.D. shopping mall boutiques.TEXT BLast month the first baby-boomers turned 60. The bulky generation born between 1946 and1964 is heading towards retirement. The looming demographic cliff will see vast numbers ofskilled workers dispatched from the labour force.The workforce is ageing across the rich world. Within the EU the number of workers agedbetween 50 and 64 will increase by 25% over the next two decades, while those aged 20-29 willdecrease by 20%. In Japan almost 20% of the population is already over 65, the highest share inthe world. And in the United States the number of workers aged 55-64 will have increased bymore than half in this decade, at the same time as the 35- to 44-year-olds decline by 10%.Given that most societies are geared to retirement at around 65, companies have a loomingproblem of knowledge management, of making sure that the boomers do not leave before theyhave handed over their expertise along with the office keys and their e-mail address. A survey ofhuman-resources directors by IBM last year concluded: When the baby-boomer generationretires, many companies will find out too late that a careers worth of experience has walked outthe door, leaving insufficient talent to fill in the void.Some also face a shortage of expertise. In aerospace and defence, for example, as much as40% of the workforce in some companies will be eligible to retire within the next five years. Atthe same time, the number of engineering graduates in developed countries is in steep decline.A few companies are so squeezed that they are already taking exceptional measures. Earlierthis year the Los Angeles Times interviewed an enterprising Australian who was staying inBeverly Hills while he tried to persuade locals to emigrate to Toowoomba, Queensland, to workfor his engineering company there. Toowoomba today; the rest of the developed worldtomorrow?If you look hard enough, you can find companies that have begun to adapt the workplace toolder workers. The AARP, an American association for the over-50s, produces an annual list ofthe best employers of its members. Health-care firms invariably come near the top because theyare one of the industries most in need of skilled labour. Other sectors similarly affected, says theConference Board, include oil, gas, energy and government.Near the top of the AARPs latest list comes Deere & Company, a no-nonsenseindustrial-equipment manufacturer based in Illinois; about 35% of Deeres 46,000 employees areover 50 and a number of them are in their 70s. The tools it uses to achieve that - flexibleworking, telecommuting, and so forth - also coincidentaUy help older workers to extend theirworking lives. The company spends a lot of time on the ergonomics of its factories, makingjobs there less tiring, which enables older workers to stay at them for longer.Likewise, for more than a decade, Toyota, arguably the worlds most advancedmanufacturer, has adapted its workstations to older workers. The shortage of skilled labouravailable to the automotive industry has made it unusually keen to recruit older workers. BMWrecently set up a factory in Leipzig that expressly set out to employ people over the age of 45.Needs must when the devil drives. Other firms are polishing their alumni networks. IBM uses its network to recruit retiredpeople for particular projects. Ernst & Young, a professional-services firm, has about 30,000registered alumni, and about 25% of its experienced new recruits are former employees whoreturn after an absence.But such examples are unusual. A survey in America last month by Ernst & Young foundthat although corporate America foresees a significant workforce shortage as boomers retire, itis not dealing with the issue. Almost three-quarters of the 1,400 global companies questionedby Deloitte last year said they expected a shortage of salaried staff over the next three to fiveyears. Yet few of them are looking to older workers to fill that shortage; and even fewer arelooking to them to fill another gap that has already appeared. Many firms in Europe and Americacomplain that they struggle to find qualified directors for their boards - this when the pool ofretired talent from those very same firms is growing by leaps and bounds.听力部分 Section ASection B1-5 CBAAA 6-10 BBAAA11-15 CACDA 16-20 DCBBB，21-25 BDDBD 26-30 CCDDD09专八人文知识参考答案31 、( D ) the monarch of the United Kingdom32 、( B ) Edinburgh.33 、( A ) Thomas Jefferson.34 、( C ) Sydney35 、( D ) Percy B. Shelley36 、( B ) Walt Whitman.37 、( C ) D.H. Lawrence.38 、( D ) psycholinguistics.39 、( C ) pidgin.40 、( A ) an illocutionary act.翻译(汉译英参考答案)Cell phone has altered human relations. There is usually a note on the door of conference room, which reads close your handset|. However, the rings are still resounding in the room. We are all common people and has few urgencies to do. Still, we are reluctant to turn off the phone. Cell phone symbolizes our connection with the world and reflects our thirst for socialization. We are familiar with the scene when a person stops his steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at his phone, disregard of his location, whether in road center or beside restroom.(原文)手机改变了人与人之间的关系。通常有注意到的门上的会议室，内容“关闭手机| 。 ”然而，环仍然响亮的房间。我们都是普通百姓，并做一些紧迫问题。但是，我们也不愿意关闭手机。手机象征着我们与世界和反映了我们“渴望社会。 ”我们熟悉的场景时，一个人停止他的步骤来编辑短信眼睛盯着他的电话，不顾他的位置，无论是在道路中心或旁边的洗手间。翻译(英译汉参考答案)我们人类，正面临全球性的危机，我们的生存和文明受到威胁。尽管我们聚在一起共商对策，而灾难却在扩大，形式不容乐观。但也有令人欣喜的消息：如果行动大胆果断，反应迅速，我们有能力解决这场危机，避免其向最坏的方向发展。但是，时下世界上的许多国家领导人可以用当年温斯顿丘吉尔批评欧洲诸政要忽视阿道夫希特勒的名言来形容，“它们在奇怪的悖论中前行，仅仅为一个决定而犹豫不决，有了决心却拖泥带水，信心犹疑不定，见解随波逐流，掌权者虚弱无力。”而如今我们向这个星球脆弱的大气层倾倒超过七千万吨温室气体，把其当作天然排污口。明天我们还会变本加厉，堆积的温室气体吸纳了越来越多的太阳热度。(原文)We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst though not all of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.However, despite a growing number of honorable exceptions, too many of the worlds leaders are still best described in the words Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitlers threat: They go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, adamant for drift, solid for fluidity, all powerful to be impotent.So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun.改错1.the改a 2. passd改based 3. their改his 4. it去掉 5. therefore 改however 6. the 去掉7. 答案不详8.答案不祥 9.live改alive 10. to去掉，以上内容由（真题网）提供。作 文Chinas State Administration of Radio Film and Television (SARFT) recently issued a notice banning domestic radio and TV stations from translating foreign radio an