高中英语非谓语动词命题陷阱详解及强化训练[1].doc

高中英语非谓语动词命题陷阱详解及强化训练1重难点讲解：A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked _ the house on fire, he dialed 911.A. To see B. Seeing C. Seen D. Having seen1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college.A. enter B. to enterC. entering D. entered陷阱：容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 enter。分析：其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语（to enter a good college）是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词（could）一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：（1） They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。（2） They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。（3） He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：（4） He ran as fast as he could _ to catch the early bus.A. to hope B. hopeC. hoping D. hoped此题的答案是 C不是A，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。（5） He spent every minute he could _ spoken English.A. practise B. to practise C. practising D. practised此题答案选 C，这与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关，即 spend （in） doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.（6） Before going abroad he devoted all he could _D_ his oral English.A. improve B. to improveC. improving D. to improving此题答案选D，注意两点：一是 devote to 是固定搭配，意为“把贡献给”；二是其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。2. He knows nothing about it, so he cant help _ any of your work. A. doing B. to doC. being doing D. to be done陷阱：容易误选B，根据 cant help doing sth 这一结构推出。分析：其实答案应选A。比较以下结构：cant help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事又如下面一题，答案也是 B：She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. being cleaned再请看以下试题：While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A. to persuade B. persuadingC. being persuaded D. be persuaded此题应选C，句中的 cant help 意为“禁不住”（注意根据句意用被动形式）。3. All her time _ experiments, she has no time for films.A. devoted to do B. devoted to doingC. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。分析：此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：（1） devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用 devoteto或be devoted to，其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。（2） 选A错误：若将 do 改为 doing 则可以。（3） 选B正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。（4） 选C错误：因为all her time 与 devote 为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。（5） 选D错误：若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D将中的is 改为 being也可选它。请做以下类似题（答案均选A）：（1） All the preparations for the project _, were ready to start. A. completed B. have been completedC. had been completed D. been completed （2） Such _ the case, I couldnt help but_ him.A. being, support B. was, support C. has been, supporting D. is, to support比较以下各题，答案选B，因为句中使用了并列连词and：（1） All the preparations for the project _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. have been completedC. had been completed D. been completed（2） Such _ the case, I couldnt help but_ him.A. being, support B. was, support C. has been, supporting D. is, to support4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to makeC. not making D. do not make陷阱：容易误选C，受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用法。分析：其实答案应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词 and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是对逗号前的不定式 to make life easier 的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语 purpose 的内容。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _ work for young people. A. provide B. to provideC. providing D. provided5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. to be tied B. being tiedC. tied D. having tied陷阱：容易误选B。分析：最佳答案为C。从意义上看，hands 与 tie 的关系应属被动关系，故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中，选项A比较容易排除，因为不定式表示将来意义，在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较：B为现在分词的被动式，它表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表进行，也就是说 his hands being tied 的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”，这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词，它也表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态，此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题：Anyone _ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police. A. finds B. foundC. being found D. will find答案选B而不选C，其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。比较下面两题，最佳答案是D不是A，现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行：（1） The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case _.A. argued B. to be arguedC. to be arguing D. being argued（2） The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of pages _.A. turned B. having turnedC. to be turned D. being turned6. Remind me _ the medicine tomorrow. A. of taking B. taking C. to take D. take陷阱：容易误选A。受 remind sb of （doing） sth 这一常用结构的影响。分析：最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构：remind sb of about sth = 使某人想起某事remind sb of doing sth = 提醒某人做过某事（暗示动作已发生）remind sb to do sth = 提醒某人去做某事（暗示动作尚未发生）请看两个例句：I reminded him of his promise. 我提醒他做过的诺言。 My wife reminded me of seeing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。Can you remind me to phone her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?7. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life.A. you fly B. your flightC. flight D. flying陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。分析： 最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选B或C，因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词 constantly 的修饰。A和D均是可能的，因为其中有动词 fly。但若选A，you fly 是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语 will be 相冲突，所以只能选D，即动名词flying在此用作主语。8. Not only should you get used _ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention _ your work well. A. to work, to do B. to working, to doingC. to work, to doing D. to working, to do陷阱：容易误选A，认为两个空白处均应填不定式。分析： 正确答案为B，因为 get used to与pay attention to 这两个结构中的to均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能动词原形。类似地，以下各结构中的 to 也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形：look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事object to doing sth反对做某事stick to doing sth 坚持做某事get down to doing sth 开始做某事take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事admit to doing 承认做了某事pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事devote ones time to doing sth 把某人的时间用于（奉献于）做某事be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样9. Both of my parents insisted _ a computer for me, but I dont think it is necessary.A. to buy B. buyingC. on buying D. in buying陷阱：容易误选B，误认为insist后不能接不定式，但可以接动名词。分析：答案应选C。其实，动词 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为insist 通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词 on或upon，即用于 insist on upon （doing） sth；但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是 that 从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如：He insisted on seeing her home. 他坚持送她回家。I insisted that he （should） stay. 我坚持要他留下。10. “Do you have anything more _, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”A. typing B. to be typedC. typed D. to type陷阱：容易误选D，根据 have sth to do 这一常用结构推出。分析：最佳答案是B。确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如 I have some clothes to wash等，即尽管其中的 some clothes 与其后的不定式 to wash 具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由该句主语 I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 you来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较：Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？Im going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。11. She took her son, ran out of the house, _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctors office. A. put B. to put C. putting D. having put陷阱：容易误选B或C，误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。分析：正确答案选A。句中的took, ran, put, drove 为四并列的谓语动词，其时态应一致。类似地如（答案选A）：I got out of the taxi, _ the fare and dashed into the station.A. paid B. payingC. to pay D. having paid但是，下面一题稍有不同：Hearing the news, he rushed out, _ the book _ on the table and disappeared into the distance. A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying openC. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened此题答案选B，leaving 在此表结果，lying open 与其前的动词leave有关，leave 后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。12. The boss insisted that every minute _ made full use of _ the work well.A. be, to do B. was, doingC. be, doing D. was, to do陷阱：容易误选B。分析：其实正确答案是A。分析如下：（1） 第一空填 be，是因为insisted 后接that从句，从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should也可省略。（2） 第二空要填to do，是因为此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则是 should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及 make use of to do sth （利用做某事）这一结构。另外，还有 make the most of （尽量利用），make the best of （尽量利用）等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子：（1） The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of _ the power station.A. to build B. buildingC. build D. built此题答案选 A，不是 B。为便于理解，可先考虑以下结构：make use of every part of the materials to build the power station由此可见，make use of 的宾语是 every part of the materials，其后的不定式 to build the power station 为目的状语。（2） Does the way you thought of _ the water clean make any sense?A. making B. to make C. how to make D. having made【典型例题】1. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be puttingC. to put D. putting2. When youre learning to drive, _ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. have B. havingC. and have D. and having3. I felt it a great honour _ to speak to you.A. to ask B. askingC. to be asked D. having asked4. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have goneC. going D. having gone5. Before you decide to leave your job, _ the effect it will have on your family. A. consider B. consideringC. to consider D. considered6. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it withC. what to do with it D. to do what with it8. Anyone _ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.A. seen carry B. seen carryingC. saw to carry D. saw carrying9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting upC. have set up D. having set up10. The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught11. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visitC. walk in D. walking in12. To test eggs, _ them in a bowl of water: if they float theyre bad, if they sink theyre good. A. put B. puttingC. to put D. to be putting13. “Where is David?” “He is upstairs _ ready to go out.”A. to get B. gettingC. to be getting D. having got14. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?” “_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.”A. Get B. GettingC. To get D. to be getting15. He was reading his book, completely _ to the world. A. lost B. losingC. to lose D. to have lost16. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _.A. to find B. to have foundC. to be found D. being found17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to doC. not do it D. do not do18. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smokingC. to smoke D. smoked19. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help 20. “How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?” “The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.”A. to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made21. “What do you think made Mary so upset?” “_ her new bike.”A. As she lost B. LostC. Losing D. Because of losing22. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begunC. beginning D. begun23. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking ofC. lacking D. lacked in24. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party.A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited25. Though I have often heard this song _. I have never heard you _ it.A. being sung, sang B. sang, singingC. sung, sing D. to be sung, to sing答案与解析：1. 选D。catch sb doing sth 意为“碰上某人在做某事”或“逮住某人做某事”。2. 选B。这是一个含when 引导时间状语从句的主从复合句，having a good teacher 在主句中用作主语。3. 选C。句中的 it 为形式主语，不定式 to be asked to speak to you 为真正主语，因“我”与ask为被动关系，故用被动式。4. 选 B。like 和 love后接不定式或动名词均可，但 would love / like 后只能接不定式，据此可排除选项 C、D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望，其后要接不定式完成式，即选 B。5. 选A，before 引导的是时间状语从句，填空句为主句，而此主句为一祈使句，故动词用原形。其中 it will have 为修饰名词 the effect 的宾语从句。6. 选 A。根据句中的 studied 可知，他曾到国外留过学，也就是说“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作（is said）之前，故用完成式，即选 A。7. 选 C。do with 与 what 连用可以表示“处置”、“放置”、“利用”等。如：What shall I do with it? 怎样处置它好呢? What have you done with my umbrella? 你把我的雨伞放到哪里去了?I dont know what to do with this strange object. 我不知道这怪东西有什么用。8. 选B。anyone seen carrying bags为 anyone who was seen carrying bags 之略，其中过去分词短语 seen carrying bags 用作定语修饰代词 anyone。另外，句中的 who was seen carrying bags 为 see sb doing sth 这一结构的被动式。9. 选 B。devoteto 的意思是“把贡献给”或“致力于”，其中 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，若后接动词要用动名词。句中的 he had 为定语从句，用以修饰 all，注意不将 had to 视为同一个语义结构。10. 选 C。lead to 意为“导致”，其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，若后接动词要用动名词。由于逻辑主语 the thief 与catch 为被动关系，故答案选 C。11. 选 D。look forward to 意为“期盼”，其中 to 是介词，后接动词要用动名词。注意不能选 B，因为 pay a visit 不能带 the flower-lined garden 作宾语，假若在 paying a visit 后加上介词 to，则可选 B。12. 选A。句首的 to test eggs 为目的状语，填空句为祈使句谓语，故要用动词原形。13. 选B。现在分词短语表伴随。14. 选C。to get enough protein and nutrition 表目的。15. 选A。（be） lost to sth 为习语，意为“不再受某事物的影响”、“将某事物置之度外”。16. 选C。因keys 与 find 是被动关系。17. 选 A。不定式的否定式总是将否定词 not 置于不定式符号 to 之前，而不能置于其后，同时结合 tell sb （not） to do sth 这一结构可排除选项 C、D。当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略该不定式而只保留不定式符号 to。18. 选 B。find 后可接现在分词（表示动作在进行）或过去分词（表被动关系）作宾语补足语，但是不接不定式。另外，由于he 与 smoke 是主动关系，故选 B。19. 选 D。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子主语。比较四个选项，finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语显然是 she，而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等，故选 D。20. 选 B。the key to 意为“的关键”，其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，若后接动词要用动名词。另一方面，名词 demand 与 make 是被动关系（make demands 提出要求），同时根据句中的 by the customers，可确定答案选 B。 21. 选 C。答句是针对疑问词 what 的回答，而问句中的疑问词 what 在句中用作主语，所以答句也应是一个能用作主语的东西，比较四个选项，只有C合适。其完整回答形式为 Losing her new bike made Mary so upset. 比较，下面一题要填不定式，因为四个选项中只有 To choose a new chairman 能回答疑问词 why：“Why was a special meeting called?” “_ a new chairman.”A. Choose B. ChoosingC. To choose D. Chosen22. 选 D。由于 the research 与 begin 是被动关系，故用过去分词 begun。Once begun 可视为 once it is begun 之省略。23. 选 C。由于 his parents 与 lack money（缺钱）是主动关系，故用现在分词，又因为lack 是及物动词，故后接宾语无需用介词，故选 C。24. 选 D。非谓语动词的否定式要将否定词 not 放在整个非谓语动词之前，据此可排除 A、C。另外，由于 Tony 与 invite 是被动关系，故选 D。25. C。第一空填 sung，因为 song 与 sing 是被动关系；第二空填 sing，因为 you 与 sing 是主动关系。【参考资料】非谓语动词（一）动词不定式、分词（现在分词，过去分词）和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语（动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语）。非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样，应用广泛，且在句中起着很活跃的作用，也是语法项目中的重点和难点，学好非谓语动词，才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。（一）动词不定式：动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。1. 动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主 动to buildto have builtto be buildingto have been building被 动to be buildto have been build2. 动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般