初中英语语法练习题主谓一致(朗朗家教).doc

初中英语语法练习题：主谓一致(朗朗家教)清华大学英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果初中英语语法练习题：主谓一致(文章来源:朗朗家教网)1. Each of you _ responsible for the accident.a. am b. be c. is d. are2. Each man and woman _ the same rights.a. has b. have c. had d. is having3. Every means _ tried but without much result.a. has been b. have been c. are d. is 4. There _ in this room.a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnituresc. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture5. The manager or his assistant _ planning to go.a. were b. are c. was d. be6. Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.a. am b. is c. are d. was7. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.a. is b. are c. has d. was8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.a. attends b. attend c. are attending d. have attended9. _ was wrong.a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacherc. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher10. “_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?” “I suppose so.”a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were11. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.a. are b. has c. is d. were12. Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank.a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept13. All that can be done _.a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done14. One or perhaps more pages _.a. is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was missing15. More than one worker _ dismissed.a. have been b. are c. has been d. has16. Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.a. have realized b. has realize c. have been realized d. has been realized17. The gas works _ near the city.a. is b. are c. were d. be18. The surroundings of his house _ clean now.a. is b. are c. was d. were19. The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.a. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing20. The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.a. is b. was c. are d. has been21. Cattle _ on the hillside.a. grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing22. Her politics _ neither conservative nor liberal.a. is b. are c. was d. has been23. Measles _ a kind of infectious illness.a. is b. are c. were d. have been24. The Philippines _ to the south-east of China.a. lies b. lie c. lay d. lays25. Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time.a. is b. am c. are d. was26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who _ to be promoted.a. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going27. What caused the accident _ on the road.a. were stone b. were stones c. was stone d. was stones28. Wisky and soda _ his favorite drink.a. is b. are c. were d. have been29. _ is to attend our evening.a. both the singer and the dancer b. Either the singer or dancers c. The singer or dancers d. The singer and dancer30. The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came.a. had b. has been having c. are having d. were having 31. No one except two students _ the meeting.a. has been late for b. have been late for c. was late for d. were later for32. All but him and me _ to the exhibition.a. am going b. is going c. are going d. was going33. Interest, as well as prospects, _ important when one looks for a job.a. are b. were c. is d. was34. The president, accompanied by his assistants, _.a. have arrived b. are arriving c. had arrived d. has arrived35. A number of cars _ in front of the parka. is parked b. was parked c. are parked d. has parked36. the number of articles published on smoking _ amazing.a. is b. are c. were d. have been37. The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health.a. are believed b. had believed c. has believed d. believe38. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.a. is b. are c. were d. be39. Four-fifths of the crop _.a. are ruined b. was ruined c. were ruined d. have been ruined40. Three-fourths of the buildings _.a. was destroyed b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been destroyed41. Early to bed and early to rise _ a man healthy, happy and wise.a. making b. to make c. make d. makes42. Mathematics _ the language of science.a. is b. has been c. are d. have been43. The young _ the vital forces in our society.a. is b. has been c. are d. have been44. Every man, woman and child _ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world.a. knows b. know c. is known d. are known45. None of them _ my friends.a. is b. are c. was d. has been 46. Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society _ to alter its attitude to racial problems.a. need b. needs c. has a need d. have a need47. Getting to other planets or to the moon _ many problems.a. involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve 48. In that country, the rich _ richer, the poor, poorer. a. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becoming49. The project requires more labor than _ because it is extremely difficult.a. has been put in b. have been put in c. being put in d. to be put in 50. Not one in one hundred children exposed to the disease _ likely to develop it.a. should be b. must be c. is d. are 主谓一致练习答案1C11C21D31C41D2A12D22B32C42D3A13B23A33C43C4D14C24A34D44A5C15C25C35C45B6C16B26A36A46B7B17A27D37D47B8A18B28A38A48A9D19D29D39B49A10B20C30D40C50C清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果现在进行时 现在进行时的基本用法1.表示说话时正在进行的动作 常和now 连用，有时用一个look、listen ,来表now 这一时间概念。 *Look! A train is coming .看，火车来了。 *Listen! He is playing the piano.听，他在弹琴。2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作 但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和at present ,this week ,these days等时间状语连用。 *What lesson are you studying this week?你们本周学哪一课了？（说话时并不在学）3.现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作 即是说可以用来代替将来时，但此时，一般要与表示将来时的时间状语连用，而且仅限于少量动词。如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return . sleep *Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow? 你明天去天津吗? *How many of you are coming to the party next week? 你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会？三、一般将来时 一般将来时 1.be going to+ 动词原形 对于将要发生的事，或打算、计划、决定要做的事情时，皆以be going to + 动词原形的句型来表示。 因此此句型有be动词，所以是否用am, is, are ,决定于主语。 1.肯定句：主语+be (is, am, are) going to +动词原形 I am going to play football next Sunday. 下周日我打算踢足球。 He is going to travel around the world. 他计划周游世界。 They are going to meet outside the school gate. 他们打算在校门口见面。 It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 2.否定句：主语+be (am, are, is) not going to +动词原形 We are not going to have any classes next week. 下周我们不上课。 Im not going to be a teacher. 我不打算当老师。 He isnt going to see his brother tomorrow. 他明天不准备去看他哥哥。 3.疑问句：Be (Am, Is, Are) +主语+ going to + 动词原形 Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up? 你长大了，打算当一名医生吗？ Yes, I am. 是的，我打算当。 No, Im not. 不，我不打算当。 will 同be going to 的用法相同 以今天为起点的所有将来时间，如： this afternoon / this evening = tonight / tomorrow/ tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening , the day after tomorrow / next week , next Wednesday / next month, next September / next year. “be going to + 动词原形” 表示计划、打算、将来发生的动作，常和this afternoon （今天下午），this evening = tonight （今晚），tomorrow （明天），tomorrow morning (afternoon , evening ) （明早，午，晚），the day after tomorrow（后天），next Sunday （下个星期天）， next week (下周)， next month (下个月)， next year (明年)等的时间状语连用，前不加任何介词。另外，动作性动词go ,come 和leave 等的现在进行时表示一般将来时动作。四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 1比较级：句子表示两者之间的比较时用比较级，其标志词是than, much, a little , even和still等。e.g. Her hair is much longer than mine. 她的头发比我的长多了。 Im a little older than you. 我比你大一点儿。2最高级：句子表示三者或多者的比较时用最高级，其标志词是表示范围的in或of 介词短语。在句子中，形容词最高级前必须加the。e.g. The boy is the tallest in our class. 这个男孩是我们班最高的。 Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?形容词的比较级和最高级：形容词有三种等级：原级、比较级、最高级。3原级：句中只有一者时用原级，其标志词是very, so, too, quite等。e.g. His handwriting is very good.他的书法很好。 （一个人不作比较。） 形容词比较级和最高级的构成：1.一般在原级后加er 构成比较级，加est构成最高级。e.g. small smaller smallest young younger youngest2.以不发音的字母e 结尾的形容词，直接加r 或st 构成比较级和最高级。e.g. nice nicer nicest late later latest3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词，变y为i ，再加er 或est, 构成比较级和最高级。e.g. busy busier busiest heavy heavier heaviest 4.在重读闭音节中，末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词，要先双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est， 构成比较级和最高级。e.g. hot hotter hottest big bigger biggest5.个别形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则变化，需个别记忆。e.g. good (well) better best bad (badly, ill) worse worst many (much) more most little less least far farther farthest 或 further furthest 副词的比较级和最高级：1.以ly 结尾的副词，除early 变为 earlier 和 earliest 外， 其余一律在其前加more 和most。 如：carefully more carefully most carefully2.规则变化直接加er 和 est 。 如：fast fasterfastest3.个别词是不规则变化，需要特别记忆。 4.句子中，副词最高级前的the 可省略也可以不省略，但形容词最高级前面的the 绝对不能去掉。e.g. Who runs (the) fastest, Tom, Jim or Mike?五、提建议的表达方法、表示需要、询问方向、指点方向 表示建议的基本句型1. Shall I / we + 动词原形？2. Why dont you + 动词原形 = Why not + 动词原形3. Lets + 动词原形4. What/ How about + doing sth. 表示需要的基本句型1.表示需要用need。 它可当情态动词和行为动词用。 e.g. We need your help.（行为动词） 我们需要你的帮助。 They need finish reading the book today. (情态动词) 他们需要今天看完这本书。2.询问方向，主要有以下几种表达方式： Is there a bus station near here? 附近有汽车站吗？ Where is the nearest bus stop / station? 最近的汽车站在哪里？ Which is the way to the bus station ? 去汽车站的路是那一条？ How can I go to the bus station? 如何去公共汽车站？3.指点方向，主要有以下几种表达方式： Go / walk along the road / street. 沿着这条路/街走。 Take the first (second) turning on the right / left. 在第一（二）个路口向右/左转。 Its next to (in front of , behind) 它在旁边（前面，后面） Its about a hundred metres along on the left. 它在左前方大约一百米处。 Turn right / left. = turn to the right / left. 向右/左拐。六、一般过去时 一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态。在句子中由主语+动词的过去式来表达。 1.He walks to school. (一般现在时)2.He walked to school. (一般过去时) 例如： 例1中的动词walks时现在式, 由于主语是第三人称单数he， 因此原因的walk必须加上 “s”,表示目前习惯性、经常性动作。可译为“他现在经常步行上学”。 例2中的动词walked是过去式，过去式是叙述过去事情的动词形式，所以这句话时表示的是过去的某时，例如昨天、上周或学生时代等过去的某一时间，这句可译为“他曾经步行上学”。 be 动词的过去式 be 动词的过去时的句型如下： 肯定句： 主语 +be动词的过去式（was, were） 否定句： 主语 + be动词的过去式（was, were）+ not 疑问句： be动词的过去式（was, were）+ 主语 ？ He was busy yesterday. (肯定句) 他昨天很忙。 He was not busy yesterday. (否定句) 他昨天不忙。 Was he busy yesterday? (疑问句) 他昨天忙吗？ 1.be动词过去时的肯定句 Mike was in the United States last year. 麦克去年在美国。 比较be 动词的现在式和过去式： There is (are ) 的句型用于一般过去时需把is ，are 变为它们的过去式：There was (were) 2.be动词过去式的否定句 He was not in Canada last year. 他去年不在加拿大。 be动词过去时的否定句的结构和现在时一样，只要在be动词过去式（was, were）后面加上not就可以了。否定式的was not , were not 大多使用缩写形式wasnt 和 werent . I wasnt busy the other day. 前几天我不忙。 3.be动词的过去时的疑问句（一般疑问句/特殊疑问句） Was it raining in Beijing yesterday? No, it wasnt . I t was cloudy. 昨天北京下雨了吗？不，没下雨。昨天北京阴天。 be 动词过去时一般疑问句的结构和一般现在时一样，只要把be 动词的过去式was, were 调到主语前面即可。 was (were ) + 主语 ？ 回答时，需要用Yes, was (were) .或 No wasnt (werent) Was your father free this morning? 今天上午你爸爸有空吗？ Yes, he was . 是的，他有空。 No, he wasnt . 不，他没空。 一般动词的过去时 一般动词过去式的基本句型如下： 肯定句： 主语+ 动词的过去式 否定句： 主语+ did not + 动词原形 疑问句： Did + 主语 + 动词原形？ He played tennis last week. (肯定句) 他上周打网球了。 He did not play tennis last week. (否定句) 上周他没打网球。 Did he play tennis last week? (疑问句) 上周他打网球了吗？ 1.一般动词过去式的肯定句We had a good time yesterday.昨天我们过得很愉快。 He had a good time yesterday.昨天他过得很高兴。 一般过去时没有人称和数的变化。因此，主语即使是单数、第三人称，也和其他人称一样变化。 I watched TV for an hour. 我看了一个小时的电视。 She studied Russian two years ago. 两年前他学俄语。 2.一般动词过去时的否定句 We did not have a good time yesterday.昨天我们过得不好。 一般动词过去时的否定句的结构和一般现在时够定句的结构一样， 不论主语是第几人称，还是单、复数，在主语后面加上did not （而不是do not ,或 does not）就可以了。 否定式did not 常用缩写形式didnt 。 He didnt have classes this morning. 今天上午他没课. You didnt do your best to do it. 你没有尽力去做。 3.一般动词过去时的疑问句 Did he go there?他去那了吗？ Yes, he did. (No, he didnt .) 是的，他去了。 （不，他没去。） When did you get up this morning? At six.今天早晨你几点钟起床的？ 六点钟。 一般动词过去时一般疑问句的结构和一般现在时一般疑问句的结构一样，无论主语是第几人称，单数、复数，在主语前面加上did即可。 Did Tom go with you?汤姆和你一起去的吗？ Yes, he did . (No, he didnt .)是的。（不，不是的） How many subjects did you study last term?上学期你们学习几门功课？ We studied seven.我们学习七门课。 比较一般动词的现在时和过去时 一般现在时 一般过去时 肯定句 I go . He goes . I went . He went . 否定句 I dont go . He doesnt go . I didnt go . He didnt go . 疑问句 Do you go ? Does he go ? Did you go ? Did he go ? 一般过去时的基本用法 1.带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时 如：yesterday (昨天) , two days ago（两天前）, last year（去年）., the other day（前几天）, once upon a time（过去曾经） , just now（刚才）, in the old days（过去的日子里）, before liberation（解放前）, when I was 8 years old（当我八岁时）. 2.表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时 这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。 The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain , and died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。 3.表示过去一段时间内经常反复的动作。 常与always, never 等连用。 Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。） 试比较：Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞。） I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。（不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒。） 4.如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do He used to drink.他过去喝酒。（意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了。） 5.有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们要特别注意。I didnt know you were in Pairs.我不知道你在巴黎。（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.） I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。（这句话应是在说话前，我以为你病了，但是现在我知道你没病。） 七、反意疑问句 .反意疑问句 (Tag questions) 在陈述句之后加上一个意思与之相反的简短问句，这种句子叫做反意疑问句。反意疑问句必须由意思相反的两部分组成，在前一部分（陈述句）之后用逗号，后一部分（简短问句）之后用问号。反意疑问句的否定句必须用缩略形成，同时它的主语必须用人称代词，不能用名词。前一部分用降调，后一部分在表示疑问句时用升调。 反意疑问句分为两类： 1.前一部分为肯定式，后一部分是否定式。 2.前一部分为否定式，后一部分是肯定句。 陈述句（肯定式），+ 疑问部分（否定式）？ 1.be 动词和一般动词（实意动词）构成的反意疑问句 be动词句型现在 ,isnt (arent ) + 主语？过去, wasnt (werent ) + 主语？ 一般动词句型：现在 , dont (doesnt ) + 主语？过去 , didnt + 主语？ The pen is yours, isnt it?这笔是你的，不是吗？ Lucy likes English, doesnt she?露西喜欢英语，不是吗？Yes, she does. 是的，她喜欢。No, she doesnt 不，她不喜欢。 2.情态动词的反意疑问句 Your brother can swim, cant he?你的哥哥会游泳，不是吗？Yes, he can.No, he cant. We have to finish it, dont we?我们不得不完成它，不是吗？Yes, we do.No, we dont. The workers had to take the first bus, didnt they?工人们不得不上头班车，不是吗？Yes, they did.No, they didnt. 陈述句（否定式），+ 疑问句（肯定句）？ 这种反意疑问句的结构和第一部分一样，只不过颠倒一下肯定句和否定句的位置。 这部分的难点在于回答，回答和汉语习惯不同。 在这种问句中，先不要管yes和no ，按实际情况，如果答语是肯定式的，就要用Yes + 肯定结构，如果答语是否定的，就要用No+ 否定结构 You arent a teacher, are you?你不是老师，是吗？Yes, I am. 不，我是。No, I am not. 是的，我不是。 You dont study Chinese, do you?你们不学中文，是吗？Yes, we do. 不，我们学中文。 Your classmates didnt have a good time last summer, did they? 你的同学们去年暑假没过好，是吗？Yes, they did. 不，他们过得很好。No, they didnt. 是的，他们过的不好。 其他类型的反意疑问句 1.祈使句的反意疑问句 a在肯定的祈使句后，为了使祈使句听起来比较婉转、客气，可加一个简短的问句，如：Will you? would you? wont you? can you ? could you ? cant you?最常见的是will you ？或 wont you? Open the window, will you?请打开窗子，好吗？ b.在lets 祈使句后加上shall we? 或 shant we? 在let us (me , him)后加上will you? 或wont you? 2.陈述部分如果有表示否定意义的某些词，如：never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nobody, no one, nothing, neither,疑问部分必须用肯定式。 3.陈述部分是there be 结构时，疑问部分用there，省略主语代词。 4.陈述句部分如果有everything, nothing . 表示事物的词作主语时，疑问部分的主语用it ，陈述部分如果有everyone , no one, someone . 表示人的不定代词作主语时，疑问部分常用they （有时也用he）. Everything here is dirty, isnt it?这的所有东西都脏，不是吗？ 八、邀请和应答、请求许可 英语中表达请求允许的句型很多，在不同的场合要用不同的句式来表达。 1.常见表示“请求”“允许”的句式。 May I ? 我可以干吗？ Can / Could I ? 我能干吗？ Shall I / we ? 我/咱们干好吗？ Would you like / love to ? 你愿意干吗？ Will (would) you please? 请你干好吗？ What / How about doing ? 干怎么样？ 2.常见“应答”的句式： Yes, of course. 当然可以。 Sure/ Certainly. 当然可以。 Thats OK. / Thats all right. 好吧，行。 Yes, please. 好的，请（做吧）。 Id love / like to. 很乐意。 With pleasure. 很乐意。 Good idea! 好主意。 3.表示“不允许”的答语有： Im sorry, but 对不起，不过 Im sorry , but . 对不起,你不能。 Youd better not . 你最好别 Im afraid I cant. 恐怕我不行。 No, thanks. 不，谢谢。 清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果初二英语第27单元 . 单项填空 从每题A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。 1 . When he saw me , he stopped _ a word with me . A . having B . have C . to having D . to have 2 . We wont go out until it stops _ . A . to rain B . raining C . rains D . to raining 3 . Can you guess _ in the box ? A . what is it B . is it