形容词的比较级和最高级详解与练习.doc

形容词副词的比较级和最高级 英语中大多数形容词是可以分等级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。注意：英语中有些形容词说明形状、材质等，还有形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，故而没有比较级和最高级。常见的有：right 正确的 wrong 错误的 excellent 最好的 final 最后的 last 最后的 possible 可能的 first 第一的 east 东方的 empty 空的 wooden 木制的 impossible 不可能的favorite 最喜欢的 round 圆的 golden 金色的 square 方的形容词副词比较等级的构成：1. 规则变化ID构成方式原级比较级最高级1一般情况，直接加词尾er或者esttallyoungtaller youngertallestyoungest 2以e结尾的，加r或stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest3以辅音字母+y结尾的，把yi,再加er或esthappybusyhappierbusierhappiestbusiest4以重读闭音节(辅元辅结构)结尾的，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加er或est.bighotthinbiggerhotterthinnerbiggesthottestthinnest5双音节或多音节的形容词可以在形容词原级前直接加more/less或most/least构成形容词的比较级和最高级usefulcarefuldifficultexpensivemoreusefulmorecarefulmoredifficultlessexpensivemostusefulmostcarefulmostdifficultleastexpensive注：(1). 以否定前缀un-构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest; untidy-untidier-untidiest. (2). 以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加more，most,如：slowly, quickly, softly,angrily等。(3). 由-ing分词和-ed分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如knowknown)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。如：excited, tired, boring;(4). 以-y, -er, -ow, -le结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er, -est. 如： able，healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。(5). new,few,slow,clean等词含有字母组合，且发的是长元音，不用双写。2.不规则变化ID原级比较级最高级1good/ well betterbest2ill/ bad/ badlyworse worst3many/ muchmoremost4littleless least5farfarther/furtherfarthest/ furthest6oldolder/ elderoldest/eldest 注：1、只有少数形容词和副词有两种比较级和最高级形式：clever，old，far 2、特别提醒：further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。记住以下三个词组：furtherstudy(进修)，further，education(继续教育) further information(进一步的信息).elder表示“前辈的”、“年纪较长的”，仅用于同一家庭成员的比较；通常只能指人，且只作定语（即只用于修饰名词）。如: eldersister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥)，elder son长子；older 则不受这些限制。补充用于不可数名词用于可数名词表示 “多”much more the mostmany more the most表示 “少”little less the leastFew fewer the fewest比较等级的用法：一、原级形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。用原级进行比较时可以使用下面两种结构(同级比较)：1.表示比较的双方相等，用”asas”结构，“与.一样”。表示“前者像后者一样”，即A+be+as+形容词原级+as+B.e.g.Johnisastallashisbrother. Wellgiveyouasmuchhelpaswecan. YoureaboyasgoodasTom.=YoureasgoodaboyasTom.你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。2.表示比较的双方不相等(形容词原级表示比较级含义)：，用“notasas”结构，意为“不如，不及”，表示“前者不如后者”，即A+be+notas+形容词原级+as+B.。e.g.Johnisnotastallashisbrother. Sheisntas(so)activeinsportsasbefore.JohnisnotsostupidasMike.=JohnislessstupidthanMike.=JohnisclevererthanMike.约翰不象迈克那么笨。3. 表示A是B的多少倍：A+be+倍数+as.as+B. 如：Theearthis49timesasbigasthemoon. My ruler is twice as long as yours. 二、比较级当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时，就需要用到形容词比较级。其结构是：A+be+形容词比较级+than+B.e.g.JackieistallerthanAlex,butAlexisheavierthanJackie.注意：1. 比较级后面往往用连词than连接另一个比较的人或事物，但在上下文明确的情况下，形容词比较级可单独使用。 例如：Thisrulerisverylong,butthatoneislonger.这把尺子很长，那把尺子更长。2. 在比较级中为了避免重复，than后面要用that或those来代替用来比较的名词。如：In summer, the weather in Chongqing is hotter than that in Yibin. 在夏季，重庆的天气比宜宾的天气热。The flowers in my garden are much more beautiful than those in the park.我家花园里的花要比那个公园里的花漂亮多了。比较级的几种特殊用法：1. 用比较级表示最高级A+be+比较级+than+anyother+单数名词，或者，A+be+比较级+than+theother+复数名词Heistallerthananyotherstudentintheclass. =He is taller than the other students in the class.他比班上其他的同学都高。2. 两个中比较的A+the+比较级+ofthetwo/pair/twins： Heistheclevererofthetwo. =Ofthetwoboys,heistheclever.他是这两个中比较聪明的3. 越来越Moreandmore 注：这里的more代表比较级，而不是说一定是more, 如说，越来越聪明就该说：clevererandcleverer.一般和动词be, get, become（变得）连用。HeisgettingmoreandmorehandsomeItisbecomingcheaperandcheaper4. 越就越Themorethemore注：此处的more和上面一样，代表比较级。如： Thericheryouare,thehappieryouwillbe. The harder you work, the better your grades will be. 5. 表示大多少，多多少，高多少等A+be+数量词+比较级+than+B. 如：Sheistwoyearsolderthanme她比我大两岁.6. 表示倍数，A+be+数词+times+形容词比较级+than+BOurroomistwicelargerthantheirs.我们的房间是他们的两倍大。注：两倍为twice而不是twotimes.7.morethan多余，超过，相当于over；lessthan少于，不足。 如： Heismorethan(over)80yearsoldIhavelessthanfiveyuan. 使用比较级时常见的错误:(1)more 不可修饰比较级，但是much可以用来加强比较级，意为“.的多”、“更.”。She looks more younger than I. () She looks much younger than I. ()拓展：修饰比较级的词或词组除了书上所列举的much和a little以外，还可以用alot,far, abit, a little, many,still, even等，但一定不能用very，more，quite, too, so等.如：Ifeelmuchbetternow.我现在感觉好多了。Thisboxisa littleheavierthanthatone.这只箱子比那只箱子重一点儿。(2)比较的对象或范围出现错误。A、比较对象不对等：The weather of Shanghai is hotter than Beijing. () (比较的对象应该是北京的天气，而不是北京）The weather of Shanghai is hotter than that of Beijing. () 上海的天气比北京的热(that代天气)B、逻辑错误： 从比较范围上看，如果在同一范围内，形容词的比较级必须把自己排除掉，即自己不能与自己相比，而最高级必须包含自己。 例如：1.他比他班的任何一个学生都高。误：Heistallerthananystudentinhisclass.(he包括在anystudent里面)正：Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.(anyotherstudent里面已排除了he) 2. 这块手表是所有手表中最好的。误：Thiswatchisthebestofalltheotherwatches.(alltheotherwatches不包含前面的thiswatch)正：Thiswatchisthebestofallthewatches.(allthewatches包含前面的thiswatch) 3.中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。误：China is larger than any country in Asia. () (出现了逻辑上的错误，中国在亚洲范围内，应当排除在外)正：China is larger than any other country in Asia. () 中国比亚洲别的国家要大。 注意：如果不在同一范围内，比较级就不必把前面的主语排除掉。 例如：ShanghaiislargerthananycityinAustralia.上海比澳大利亚任何城市都大。 (上海不属于澳大利亚，所以city前不必加other) 试比较：ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.上海比中国任何一座城市都大三、最高级三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较，表示其中程度最高的比较形式需要使用形容词的最高级。其结构是：A+be+the形容词最高级+of/in+比较范围.(注:形容词最高级前面通常要加定冠词the)e.g.Jackieisthetallestinourclass.orJackieisthetallestofallthestudents.须注意的情况： 1、最高级后面往往用of或in介词短语来表示形容词的最高级的比较范围（of或in短语可提前到句首）。of短语所指的范围通常是一群人或一些事物，而不是一个场所；如果指一个场所，则用介词in。例如：Heisthestrongestofthethree.他是三个人中身体最强壮的。 Heisthestrongestinourclass.他是我们班里身体最强壮的。 2、形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the, 而以下几种情况一般不需要加定冠词the:（1）形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等限定词修饰时,最高级前不用the。如: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。 TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina.长江是中国第一大河。 Heisourbestteacher.他是我们最好的老师。（2） 形容词最高级在句中作表语而比较范围又不明确时,最高级前不用the。如:They are happiest on Saturdays.他们在星期六最快乐。（3）如果两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词最高级前不加the。如:He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class.他是班上年龄最小、个子最高的男孩。 3、表示“最.之一”，one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数。 如：one of the largest countries最大的国家之一, one of the tallest people最高的人之一注：副词最高级前常省略the。 重点与难点：(1)tooto与so/suchthatsb.cant的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较：Themanwastooangrytobeabletospeak.=Themanwassoangrythathewasntabletospeak.Themilkwastoohottodrink.=Themilkwassohotthatwecantdrinkit.The boy is too young to go to school. =The boy is so young that he cant go to to school. = He is such a young boy that he cant go to school. (2)tooto与notenoughto句型的转换：Heistooyoungtogetmarried.=Heisnotoldenoughtogetmarried.Thebookistoodifficultformetoread.=Thebookisnoteasyenoughformetoread.附加练习: 形容词比较级和最高级一、写出下列单词的反义词1. hot 2.new_3. clean_ 4. high_5. heavy_6.cold_7. bad_二、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级old _ _busy _ _ thin _ _long_wide_fat_heavy_unhappy_brightly_-_quickly_slow_few_badly_far_happy_-_ many _ _ 5. delicious _ _三、用所给词的适当形式填空：1. Bob is_ ( young ) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred.2. Yingtian is not as _ (tall) as Yongxian.3. Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat) than before .4. Which is _ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?5.- How_ (tall) is Sally? -She s 1.55 metres_ (tall). What about Xiaoling?- She s only 1.40 metres _ (tall). She is much _(short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short)girl inthe class.6. He is_ (bad) at learning maths. He is much_ (bad) at Chinese and he is the_(bad) at English.7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world.8.He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think.9. A dictionary is much _ (expensive) than a story-book.10. An orange ia a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (small) than a watermelon(西瓜).11.Miss Chen is _ _than Mr. Wang. (popular)12. Mr. Lin is _ than Mr. Brown. (sad)13. The basketball is _ than the baseball. (big)14. Question A is _ than Question B. (important)15. A rose is _than a weed(野草). (beautiful)16. Toronto is _ _ city in Canada. (large)17. Playing computer games is_ _ _ of all the activities.(interesting).18. The Nile(尼羅河) is _ _river in the world. (long)19. Good health is _ _ _thing life. (important)20. Taking a taxi is _ _ way to get to the airport. (easy)21. Test 1 is _ _ _of all the tests. （difficult）22. He is _than any other boy in the class.（clever）23. She is_ than all the other students. (young)24. The window is _ _ of the two. (narrow)25. Where is the _bus-stop? (near)26. He is one of _ _ _politicians(政治家). (famous)27. Tom drives much _ _than John. (careful)28. The white flower is _(beautiful). The yellow flower is _ _ (beautiful)than the white flower. The red flower is the _ _ of the three.29. Your classroom is _(wide)and _(bright) than ours. 30. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is. 31. Who is_(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 32.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 33.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 34.Which is_(heavy),the elephant or the pig?35. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child.36.This book is not as _ (interesting) as that one. 37. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week.38. Her mother is getting _(fat) and _ (fat). 39. I think it s too expensive. I d like a _ (cheap) one. 40. He comes to school much _ (early) than I. 41. - Annie plays the piano very _ (well). - Sue plays it _ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _ (well).42. Sue is a little _ (beautiful) than her sister. 43. My room is not as _ (big) as my brother s. 44. -How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. - Is it _ (difficult) than maths? - I don t think so.45. Most of the students think a lion is much _(dangerous) than a bear and it is the _ (dangerous) animal in the world. 46. The apples in the other shop are and .(cheap; good) 47. Many of the stars are so away that we cant see them. (far) 48. The Yangtze River(长江) is very_ (long) . In fact, its_river in China (long) .49. The _ (much), the _ (good). 50. Nowadays(现在) English is _( important ) than any other subject, I think.51. Tom can jump _(high). He jumps _(high) than the other boys in his class. 52. Janet sing _(well) in her class. She can sing _(well) than her music teacher, too. 53. My father is _(handsome). But my brother is _(handsome) than him. He is _(handsome) in my family. 54. I have _(many) books in my class. But my teacher has _(many) books than _(I). 55.Their house is much _(old) than _(we). 56. She dances _(well) than _(he). 57. His house are _(small) of the four. 58. Does her mother get up _(early) than _(you)? 59. Which eats _(many), the mouse, the dog or the horse? 60. Which is _ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?61. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever). 62. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁). 63. Practice as _ (much) as you can.64. My brother is two years _(old)than I / me.65. The _ (cheap) bags are not usually the best ones. 66. Li Deming looks _ (fat) than before after the summer holidays.67. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother. 68. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in her class. 69. She will be much _ (happy) in her new house. 70. Alice is not as _ (tall) as Mike.四、 选择题( )1. She is _ than _ . A. busier / us B. busier / our C. more busy / us D. more busy / we( )2. Jane is _ than Betty. A. less taller B. less tallest C. less tall D. not as tall( )3. China is _ country in the world. A. the third largest B. the largest third C. the third large D. a third largest( )4. -Which is _ season in Beijing?-I think its autumn.A.good B.better C.best D.the best( )5- Which is_ , the sun, the moon or the earth?- Of course, the moon is.A.small B.smaller C.smallest D.the smallest( )6.The air in Beijing is getting much _ now than a few years ago.A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest( )7. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _ than before.A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest( )8I study English as_as my brother. A.hard B. harder C. hardest( )9. Which is _ , a bicycle or a computer? A. expensive B.more expensive C.the most expensive( )10. The Yellow River is one of _rivers in China. A long B longer C the longest( )11Hefeels_todaythanyesterday.A.tiredB.moretiredC.moretirederD.muchtired( )12.Whichdoyoulike_,coffee,teaormilk?A.theworstB.worseC.theworseD.worst( )13.Ofthetwotoys,thechildchose_.A.themore expensiveB.onemostexpensiveC.aleastexpensiveD.themostexpensiveofthem( )14.Thelineis_thanthatone.A.morelongerB.notlongerC.muchmorelongerD.manymorelonger( )15.She is the second _student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest( )16.Thebookis_ofthetwo. A.thinner B.thethinner C.morethinner D.thethinnest( )17.Shelooks_thanshedoes. A.themoreolder B.veryolder C.mucholder D.moreolder( )18.Thegardenisbecoming_. A.morebeautifulandmore B.morebeautifulandbeautiful C.moreandmorebeautiful D.morebeautifulandbeautifuler( )19.Theycompeted（比赛）toseewhocouldwork_.A.thefastestandbest B.thefasterandthebetter C.fastestandbetter D.fasterandbetter( )20._hurry,_speed(欲速则不达). A.More,less B.Much,little C.Themore,theless D.Themuch,thelittle( )21.Thiskindofcoffeeisdifferent_.A.anditisalsobetter B.andbetterthantheother C.butalsothanothers D.fromtheother,andbetter( )22.Theearthis_themoon.A.as49timesbigas B.49timesasbiggeras C.49timesasbigas D.asbigas49timesKeys: ACADD BBABC BDABC BCCAC DC五、翻译句子： 1本书跟那本书一样有趣。 This book is _ _ _ that one. 2你游泳没有你弟弟好。 You cant swim _ _ _ your brother. 3今天比昨天冷的多。 It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday. 4这个故事比另一个有趣得多。 This sto