化工设备机械基础期末试卷A.doc

rapid development of the market economy environment to explore public servants duty consumption monetization reform has provided a good foundation. The socialization of rear service work has been launched, and rapid progress in some places and departments, duty consumption monetization of carrier and approach to management has been resolved. Third, in recent years, exploring the monetization of duty consumption has made some progress, have gained some experience and can provide reference to the comprehensive reform of the system of public servants duty consumption further. Implementing an honest canteen, standardize official entertaining management; enhancing the telecommunication expense management; elimination of County travel and countryside subsidies; research village officials capitalization management of corporate spending, and so on. Finally, group .18 session to be held in Beijing from November 9, 2013 to 12th. 35 years ago blew the third plenary session of the reform and opening up in the spring breeze, changed, affect the world; today, 35 years later, in the eyes of the nation and the world expect, again to reform mark China, ushered in the 18 session. XI General Secretary pointed out that Chinas reform has entered a crucial period and the Sham Shui Po District, must be based on greater political courage and wisdom, lose no time in deepening reform in important fields. Dares to crack a hard nut, dares to question the Rapids, which dares to break the barrier of ideas, and dare to benefit cure barriers. Deepening reform and opening up is on schedule to achieve institutional safeguards of the moderately well-off. Under the five in one the General layout of socialist modernization requirements, 18 session of the decision was a five in one and the improvement of overall scheme of reform, will promote an integrated and coordinated economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization construction of the five reforms and the partys construction in the area of institutional reform. The five in one programme is to achieve a comprehensive reform of institutional guarantees for objectives of build a well-off society, the smooth progress of the construction of a well-off society and reform the objectives of the programme. One, holding time and place importance on November 9, 2013 to the 18 session of the 12th Beijing since 1978, 35, have been 7 plenary session, each time on major issues of political and economic life of the country has made important deployment. In accordance with PRC political practice, often at every session of the CPC Central Committee in a plenary session was held immediately after the partys Congress, on the theme personnel, discussing election Centrals top leaders, such as the election of the Standing Committee of the political Bureau, through the Central Committee members, decisions, such as members of the Central Military Commission. The second plenary session, is held in two sessions before the general election, mainly to discuss a new State personnel issues. But by the third中卫职业技术学校2012-2013年第一学期期末考试化工设备机械基础试题A 命题人 陈辉 班级 学生姓名 总分 一单项选择题：（每题1分，共15题）1.换热器的操作维护的要点不包括（ ）A.检查泄露与结垢的情况 B.检查腐蚀、磨损情况 C.检查使用情况 D. 清洗2. 化工设备在使用过程中常见的损坏形式不包括（ ）A结垢B.疲劳裂纹 C.温度过高或过低D. 腐蚀和冲蚀3. 按故障造成的后果来分没有（ ） .致命故障B.严重故障C.复合性故障D.一般故障4.按故障发生的时间故障不包括（ ）A.早发性故障 B.潜在故障C.突发性故障 D.渐进性故障5.换热设备劣化和失效的主要形式及原因不包括（ ）A.腐蚀 B机械及热应力损伤C.老化 D.震动产生的疲劳损伤6.塔设备的缺陷和故障不包括（ ） A.设备工作表面结垢 B.振动 C.设备壳体壁厚减薄 D. 设备壳体的裂缝7.常用的机械除垢法不包括（ ）A.手工机械除垢法 B.自然机械除垢法C.水力机械除垢法 D.喷砂除垢法8.磨损按产生的原因和本质分类不包括（ ）A.磨料磨损B.振动磨损C.疲劳磨损D.腐蚀磨损9.磨损发展的过程阶段不包括（ ）A.初磨阶段B.稳定磨损阶段C.中磨阶段D.剧烈磨损阶段10.按磨损时间，磨损分为（ ）A.磨料磨损B.振动磨损C.疲劳磨损D.事故磨损11.按故障的表现形式，故障分为（ ）A致命故障B.严重故障C.潜在故障D.人为故障12.润滑剂的作用不包括（ ）A. 外观作用 B.润滑作用C.冷却作用D.冲洗作用13.润滑剂的种类不包括（ ）A.液体 B.半固体 C.固体 D.气体14.润滑方式不包括（ ）A. 滴油润滑 B. 对流润滑 C.飞溅润滑 D.压力润滑15.阀门常见的故障有（ ）A.填料泄漏 B.振动 C.过热 D.超载二、填空题：（每空1分，共20分）1、离心机主要有 ， 两大类。2、齿轮失效的形式有 ， ， ， 四种。3、压缩机的种类主要有 ， 两大类。4、泵的种类主要有 ， 两大类。5、轴承主要有 ， 两大类。6、机械传动有 和 ，摩擦传动有 ， ，啮合传动有 ， ， ， 。三、名词解释：（15分） （1）设备管理（2）Q237-C（3）1Cr13四、判断题：（10分）1、对压力容器的安全使用没有要求（）2、设备润滑管理的内容是定点、定质、定量（）3、设备维护保养形式有四级（）4、无机非金属材料有化工搪瓷（）5、球磨机也是一种粉碎机（）6、换热器在正常运行中不需要检查泄露的情况（）7、冷却水不会引起汽蚀（）8、硫及硫化物会引起均匀腐蚀（）9、渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮的主要参数并没有模数（）10、齿面点蚀是齿轮失效的一种（）五、简答题：（每题5分，共4题）1. 如何进行设备的计划检修？2.如何进行设备的密封管理？3. 怎样对设备进行润滑？4、列管式换热器的类型及无温差应力的是哪些？六、论述题（10分）试论述如何进行换热器的操作维护七、计算题：（10分）已知一对标准圆柱直齿轮的中心距a=200mm,传动比i=4，小齿轮齿数Z1=20，试确定这对齿轮的模数和分度圆直径、齿根圆直径。答案（A卷）一、选择题1、C2、A3、C4、B5、C6、B7、B8、B9、C10、D11、C12、A13、D14、B15、A二、填空题1、三足式离心机、刮刀卸料离心机2、齿面磨损、齿面点蚀、齿面胶合、轮齿折断3、容积式压缩机、速度式压缩机4、容积泵、叶片泵5、滚动轴承、滑动轴承6、摩擦传动、啮合传动、V带传动、平带传动、同步带传动、链传动、齿轮传动、蜗杆传动三、名词解释1.设备管理：是生产管理的一项重要内容，是现场管理的重要环节2.A表示产品等级为A级，屈服极限为237MPa，Q表示屈的的汉语拼音3.0表示碳含量小于0.1%，铬元素含量为13%。4、 判断题：5、 简答题：1.检修计划1.设备执行预防性和改善性的计划检修。检修种类分系统（装置）和单体设备的大、中、小修理。2.设备的小修，是对易损件或设备一般缺陷进行维护性的检查和修理，以保证设备的正常运行。 (1)检查紧固零件。 (2)检查调整零件。 (3)检查润滑及冷却系统。 (4)检查启动和传动装置。 (5)修理或更换易损件。 (6)研磨或更换阀门。 (7)处理检查出来的缺陷，排除故障，更换填料和垫片等。3.设备的中修，是对设备的某些主要部件进行检修并保持两次大修间的应有能力。 设备中修的主要内容包括： (1)小修的全部内容。 (2)修理或更换零部件。 (3)修理或更换轴瓦。 (4)更换设备垫圈、密封填料盒和连接零件。 (5)修理设备的衬里和防腐层。 (6)校正或更换磨损部件、管件和阀门。 (7)根据规定对锅炉、压力容器、起重设备的检验，设备间隙的调整和电气设备绝缘的安全试验。设备维护保养工作包括：日常维护保养(一保)、设备的润滑和定期加油换油、预防性试验、定期调整精度和设备的二、三级保养。维护保养的好备直接影响到设备的运作情况、产品的质量及企业的生产效率动;2.实施第一条加强设备密封管理和创建无泄漏企业活动是化工企业减少跑、冒、滴、漏，提高效益，降低消耗，消除污染，保证企业安全文明生产的一项重要措施。3、1、设备及管线的接合部位用肉眼观察不结焦、不冒烟、无渗迹、无漏痕、无气泡(真空部位可用薄纸条吸的方法检查)。2、电器设备、变压器、油开关、油浸纸绝缘电缆头等接合部位，用肉眼观察无渗漏现象。3、在煤气、氧气、甲醇等易燃易爆或有毒有害气体系统，用肥皂水、试纸或嗅敏仪检查时无气泡、不变色或反应。4、水及蒸汽系统用肉眼观察不漏气、无水垢。5、酸、碱等化学系统，用肉眼观察无渗漏、无漏痕、不结垢、不冒烟或用精密试纸试漏不变色。4、固定管板式换热器、浮头式换热器、填料函式换热器、U型管式。其中后三种无温差压力六、论述题：一、换热器的日常维护日常操作应特别注意防止温度、压力的波动，首先应保证压力稳定，绝不允许超压运行。二、换热器的清洗换热设备经长时间运转后，由于介质的腐蚀、冲蚀、积垢、结焦等原因，使管子内外表面都有不同程度的结垢，甚至堵塞。所以在停工检修时必须进行彻底清洗，常用的清洗(扫)方法有风扫、水洗、汽扫、化学洗清和机械清洗等。但这种传统的清洗方式如机械方法（刮、刷）、高压水、化学清洗(酸洗)等在对设备清洗时出现很多问题：不能彻底清除水垢等沉积物，酸液对设备造成腐蚀形成漏洞，残留的酸对材质产生二次腐蚀或垢下腐蚀，最终导致更换设备，此外，清洗废液有毒，需要大量资金进行废水处理。但采用高效、环保、安全、无腐蚀，可生物降解的福世泰克环保清洗剂，不但清洗效果良好而且对设备没有腐蚀，能够保证凝汽器的长期使用。福世泰克清洗剂（特有的添加湿润剂和穿透剂，可以有效清除用水设备中所产生的最顽固的水垢（碳酸钙）、锈垢、油垢、粘泥等沉淀物，同时不会对人体造成伤害，不会对钢铁、紫铜、镍、钛、橡胶、塑料、纤维、玻璃、陶瓷等材质产生侵蚀、点蚀、氧化等其他有害的反应，可大大延长设备的使用寿命。同时清洗液是可生物降解的（获得美国环保局认可批准），完全可以直接排放，在排放前不需进行中和处理。七、计算题：解；因为i=z2/z1所以4= z2/20解得z2=80a=m(z1+ z2)/2代入数据得200=m（20+80）/2解得m=4d1=m z1=4*20=80mm d2=m z2=4*80=320mmdf1=m(z1-2.5)=4*（20-2.5）=70mmdf2=m(z2-2.5)=4*（80-2.5）=310mm采购的食品原料及成品必须色、香、味、形正常，不采购腐败、变质、有毒有害、霉变生虫、过期、混有异物或感官性状异常及其他不符合卫生标准要求的食品。plenary session, each session of the Central Committee of national institutions and personnel problems have been arranged, you can concentrate on national development and reforms. Previous plenary session is often branded with a central leading collective, often by looking at the third plenum of the initiative to found the current central leadership collective governance characteristics. From the analysis of the process of economic reform in China, plenary session, 12 session, 14, 16 plenary session have programmatic meaning, respectively, marking the four stages of Chinas economic reform, and that the start-up phase of reform, reform, construction phase and perfecting the Socialist market economy framework stage of socialist market economy. Previous plenary session topics proposed to the third plenary session of taking class struggle as the key link, shifted to socialist modernization; 12 session marked the change from rural to urban, established with public ownership as the Foundation of a planned commodity economy; 13 session at a time when both the old and the new system change, governance and rectify the economic order; 14 . Fair and efficient and authoritative Socialist judicial system, safeguard the peoples interests. Legal authority to uphold the Constitution, deepening the reform of administrative law enforcement, ensure that the right to exercise judicial power independently and impartially according to law the prosecution, perfecting the running mechanism of judicial power, improve the system of judicial protection of human rights. Plenary session, Affairs the right to adhere to the system, and let the people authority to let the power run in the Sun, is shut up in a cage of the system power policy. Decision Science, implementation should be constructed strong, supervise the running of powerful system, improve the system of punishing and preventing corruption, promoting political integrity, and strive to achieve cadres honest and Government integrity, clean politics. To form a scientific and effective coordination of power restriction and mechanisms to strengthe