动词用法,英语语法.docx

动词用法,英语语法篇一：英语语法之动词 1 系动词 系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟 表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。例如： He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。例如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3）表像系动词 用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems （to be） very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意。例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） 5.2 助动词 1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。例如： He doesnt like English. 他不喜欢英语。 （doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义） 2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来： a. 表示时态。例如： He is singing. 他在唱歌。 He has got married. 他已结婚。 b. 表示语态。例如： He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句。例如： Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？ Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？ d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。例如： I dont like him. 我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气。例如： Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。 He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。 3） 最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。 5.3 助动词be的用法 1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态。例如： They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。 English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。 2） be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如： The window was broken by Tom. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。 English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。 3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容： a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。例如： He is to go to New York next week. 他下周要去纽约。 We are to teach the freshmen. 我们要教新生。 说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。 b. 表示命令。例如： You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。 He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。 c. 征求意见。例如： How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他？ Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢？ d. 表示相约、商定。例如： We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。 5.4 助动词have的用法 1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态。例如： He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。 By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。 2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。例如： I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。 3）have +been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。例如： English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。 5.5 助动词do 的用法 1）构成一般疑问句。例如： Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗？ Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗？ 2）do + not 构成否定句。例如： I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。 He doesnt like to study. 他不想学习。 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。 3） 构成否定祈使句。例如： Dont go there. 不要去那里。 Dont be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。 说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。 4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。例如： Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。 I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。 I do miss you. 我确实想你。 5）用于倒装句。例如： Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。 Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性。 说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。 6）用作代动词。例如： - Do you like Beijing? -你喜欢北京吗？ - Yes, I do. -是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.） He knows how to drive a car, doesnt he? 他知道如何开车，对吧？ 5.6 助动词shall和will的用法 shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。例如： I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。 He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。 说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义， 已变为情态动词，试比较: He shall come. 他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。） He will come. 他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。） 5.7 助动词should, would的用法 1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。例如： I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。 比较：What shall I do next week? I asked. 我下周干什么？我问道。 可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。 2） would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。例如： He said he would come. 他说他要来。 比较：I will go, he said. 他说：我要去那儿。变成间接引语，就成了He said he would come。原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。 5.8 短语动词 动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。例如： Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。（turn off是短语动词） 短语动词的构成基本有下列几种： 1）动词+副词，如：black out； 2）动词+介词，如：look into； 3）动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词。 5.9 非谓语动词 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式， 动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。 否定形式： not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分词 助动词练习 1. 1.If it is fine tomorrow, we a football match. a. have b. will have c. has d. shall has 2. 2.When he was at school, he early and take a walk before breakfast. a. will riseb. shall riseb. should rise would rise 3. 3.In the past 30 years China great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction. a. has madeb. have madec. had maded. having made 4. 4.I go to bed until I finished my work. a. dont/hadb. didnt/have c. didnt/had d. dont/have 5. 5. you think he back by dinner time? a. Do/have comeb. Did/will have come c. Does/will come d. Do/will have come 6. 6.He said that he dropped his bag when he for the bus. a. was runingb. was runningc. were runningd. is running 7. 7.No sooner he arrived home than he to start on another journey. a. has/was askedb. have/were askedc. had/is askedd. had/was asked 8. 8.“ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel. a. Shouldb. Canc. Mightd. May 9. 9.There are nine of them, so get into the car at the same time. a. they may not at all b. all they may notc. they cant all d. all they cant 10.10.“We didnt see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He it.” a. mustnt attendb. cannot have attended c. would have not attendedd. neednt have attended 11. 11.“You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, dont you?” “No, officer. I . This car cant do more than 80.” a. didnt need to beb. may not have beenc. couldnt have been d. neednt have been 12. 12.he was a good runner so he escape from the police. a. mightb. succeeded toc. would d. was able to 13. 13.If they , our plan will fall flat. a. are co-operating b. had not co-operated c. wont co-operate d. didnt co-operate 14. 14.I hoped my letter. a. her to answer b. that she would answer c. that she answersd. her answering 15. 15.He live in the country than in the city. a. prefers b. likes toc. had better d. would rather 16. 16. to see a film with us today? a. Did you likeb. Would you likec. Will you liked. Have you liked 17. 17.Im sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply what I did. a. must dob. had to doc. ought to have done d. have to do 18. 18.“Time is running out,?” a. a. hadnt we better got start b. hadnt we better get start b. b.hadnt we better get started d. hadnt we better not started 19. 19.No one that to his face. a. dares sayb. dares saying c. dare say d. dare to say 20. 20.The students in the classroom not to make so much noise. a. needb. ought c. must d. dare 21. 21.You last week if you were really serious about your work. a. ought to comeb. ought to be comingc. ought have come d. ought to have come 22. 22.The elephants ought hours ago by the keepers. a. to be fedb. to feed c. to being fed d. to have been fed 23. 23.“I wonder why theyre late.” “They the train.” a. can have missedb. could missc. may have missed d. might miss 24. 24.“Tom graduated from college at a very young age.” “He have been an outstanding student.” a. a. mustb. couldc. shouldd. might 25. 25.You the examination again since you had already passed it. a. neednt have taken b. didnt need to takec. neednt taked. mustnt take 26. 26.He is really incompetent! The letter yesterday. a. a. should be finished typing b. must be finished typing b. b.must have finished typing c. should have been finished typing 27. 27.The boy told his father that he would rather an astronaut. a. become b. to become c. becoming d. became 28. 28.When we reached the station, the train had still not arrived; so we . a. a. needed not to hurryb. neednt have hurried b. b.need not to have hurried d. didnt need to hurry 29. 29.Since your roommate is visiting her family this weekend, you like to have dinner with us tonight? a. willb. wontc. wouldnt d. do 30. 30.He was afraid what he had done a disastrous effect on his career. a. might have b. could be c. have beend. shall be 31. 31.He hardly say anything more, since you know about it. a. dont need to b. neednt c. needs d. need 32. 32.You the look on his face when he won the prize. a. would have seenb. should have seenc. must see d. can be seeing 33. 33.Some people think the stock market will crash, but . a. a. I wonder if it happens b. I doubt if it will happen c.I am afraid it wouldnt happend. I doubt if it does happen 34. 34.“Whatever has happened to George?”“I dont know. He lost.” a. can have gotb. may have gotc. might getd. could get 35. 35.He has no idea what the book is about. He read the book. a. couldntb. couldnt have c. mightnt have d. shouldnt have 36. 36.New studies show that two of Saturns rings longer than the 4.5 billion years since the birth of the Solar System. a. could have lasted b. should have lastedc. would have lastedd. must be lasting 37. 37.Take the telescope with you in case you it in your expedition. a. will needb. would need c. should need d. could need 38. 38.Need he come at once? Yes, he . a. must b. must not c. need d. may 39. 39.Please answer the phone. It be by your father. If it is, would you tell that I want to see him? a. will b. should c. would d. could 40. 40.Well never give in whatever they say or do. a. may b. will c. shall d. should 41. 41.With all this work on hand, he to the cinema last night. a. mustnt go b. wouldnt go c. oughtnt go d. shouldnt have gone 42. 42.Everyone the cake because there wasnt even a small piece left. a. must likeb. must have liked c. must have been liking d. had liked 43. 43.I wish to recollect where I met her, ? a. a. would I b. may I c. may not I d. can I 44. 44.I think he will dare the risk. a. not/ .b. do/not c. ./not d. dont/. 45. 45.If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it be active. a. may notb. must c. might d. is not 46. 46.You your seats today if you want to go to the game. a. a. had better to reserveb. had better reserve c. had to better reserved. had to reserve better 47. 47.I the operation unless it is absolutely necessary. a. a. would rather not haveb. would not rather had b. b.rather would not have d. rather not would have 48. 48.Many scientists their own eyes and ears than the theories of the ancients. a. a. would rather to believe b. would rather believe c.rather would believed. will rather believe 49. 49.To travel from England to Scotland you a passport. a. havent gotb. mustnt have c. neednt d. dont need 50. 50.One of the statements to be untrue. a. is turned out b. has turned out c. have been turned out d. have turned out 51. 51.I dont know whether it will rain or not, but if it rain, I shall stay at home. a. willb. did c. does d. shall 52. 52.“Youd like some tea,?” a. wouldnt you b. shouldnt youc. hadnt you d. didnt you 53. 53.“May we take the books out?” a. No, you may not b. No, you can notc. No, you cantd. Please dont 54. 54.“I would have come sooner, but I that you were waiting.” a. didnt knowb. hasnt knownc. hadnt know d. havent known 55. 55.If you dont want to, you to get there with us. a. mustntb. cantc. dont haved. have not 56. 56.I would go to visit them but I think they are anxious to see me. a. havent b. dontc. doesnt d. didnt 篇二：超级简单实用的英语语法口诀 Pre 基础英语语法口诀 1. have/has 的用法 have/has 表拥有，你有我有大家有；两种形式有不同，男他女她动物它，张三李四单个他，has 与之紧相伴；其他形式都跟 have。简单规则记心上，记心上。 2. Be 动词的用法 我用am，你用are，is连接他，她，它。 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定更容易，be后not莫忘记。疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 3. 疑问词的用法 疑问词放句首，what 什么；where 哪里；when 问时间；how 怎样；要问原因为什么，why 放句首就可以；疑问句有点难，勤做笔记多思考，遇问题别着急，先思考来后提问。 4. 人称代词的用法 I 是我；you 是你；he，she ，it 他她它；I 的复数是个 we；you 的复数还是 you；男他女她动物它，张三李四单个他，他们的复数都是 they；简单口诀要牢记，要牢记。 5、现在进行时用法 主语在句首，am, is, are跟在后，现在分词跟着走，其他成分不可丢。 表示动作正进行，句中now时间定。一般问句，把be提到句前去。 否定句式也简单，be后只把not添。 6、特殊疑问句用法 What用途广，要问“什么”它当先。（Whats this?） How开头来“问安”。(How are you?) Who问“谁”。（Whos that man?） “谁的”Whose来承担。（Whose eraser is this?） 询问“某地”用Where。（Where is her cat?） “哪一个”Which句首站。（Which one?） 7、动词加-s或-es方法歌诀 动词三单现在式，一般词尾加-s。s, x, ch, sh在词尾，直接加上-es。 词尾若是字母o，加上-es不用愁。“辅音字母+y“来结尾，变y为i是正规。-es后边紧跟随，studystudies看明白。 8、“be going to”的用法口诀 be going to, 表打算，准备、计划将要干。 表可能，有必然，通过现象来推断。 使用它，要注意，疑问形式be提前。 否定句，更简单，not放在be后边。 to之后，动原形，be的形式看人称。 下列词，要注意，come 、go和离去（leave） 进行时，表将来，牢牢记住莫忘记。 9、祈使句用法 祈使句，祈使句，请求、命令或建议。 主语是you常省去，动词原形开头记。 否定形式要注意，句首要把Dont加。 要讲客气用please，句首句末没关系。 10、过去式之歌 标准过去加-ed，少量不规则分别记， Am、is对was，二人称复数are变were， Have、has用had，do和does变did。 11、规则动词过去式构成方法口诀 过去式构成有方法，一般词尾把-ed加。 如果词尾有个e，直接加d就可以。 “辅音字母+y”在词尾，变y为i加ed。 “一辅重闭”作尾巴，双写之后-ed加。 12、have/has的用法口诀 动词have表示“有”，位置就在主语后。 “三单”主语用has，其他人称用have。 13、There be句型用法口诀 There be句型有特点，主语放在be后边。 主语单数用is，复数主语要用are。 变否定，很简单，be后要把not添。 变问句也不难，把be提到there前。 肯定句中用some，否定/疑问要用any换。 14、人称代词用法歌 人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说。 主格用来作主语，宾语用的是宾格。 人称代词都有数，单数复数莫用误。 15、人称代词主格趣记歌 我是I，你是you。还有三个不用整。 另用he，也用she，it指物要明白。 以上说的是单数，还有we, you加上they。 16、变一般疑问句口诀 （一）can 、be、do、does在前 （二）第一（人称）变第二（人称） （三）末尾用问号，语调用升调 （四）有some变any 17、否定句口诀之一 （一） can、be、do、does后面not添 （二） 有some变any 18、人称代词主格宾格之歌 I 是主格 me 是宾，请你一定记在心；主格用在动词前，动词介词后用宾。 you 是主格，也是宾，； he 是主格 him 是宾， she 是主格 her 是宾， it 是主格，也是宾， we 是主格 us 是宾， you 是主格，也是宾， they 是主格 them 是宾， 篇三：英语语法口诀大全 巧记英语语法口诀 英语语法不容易记，但借助语法口诀，却可起到事半功倍的效果。 英语语法的叙述，讲究科学性，追求严谨。故而中学生看起来，不免有些枯燥，看不下去。为此，全国各地的师生们编写了不少英语语法口诀，以帮助记忆。收集起来，大致有20余首。 英语学习顺口溜 动词为纲“滚雪球” 难易编组 抓循环同类归纳印象深 图示介词最直观混淆多因形音义 反义词语成对念 目1、英语字母记忆歌谣 2、英语的词类 3、语序歌 4、肯定句变一般疑问句 5、肯定句变否定句 6、名词的所有格 7、名词变复数 8、时间名词前所有介词的速记 9、介词用法歌 10、介词顺口溜 11、be的用法歌 12、动词的时态 13、动词形式的变化 14、动词不定式不带to的动词 15、非谓语动词 16、非谓语动词的一些特殊用法后只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词 些常用特殊谓语动词 17、其他非谓语动词 18、基数词变序数词（之一） 1、英语字母记忆歌谣 像小人中间立，宝塔尖尖顶破天 像兄弟葫芦娃，一根棍儿靠耳边 像鱼钩弯又弯，一笔下来画半圈 像半张香香饼，一刀切下剩半边 像山川横着走，竖折在见横在后 像一面小红旗，先竖后折有秩序 像鱼儿咬上钩，上添个小尾巴 像把登天梯，左竖右竖中间连 像线轴把布织，从上至下有顺序 像伞把儿雨中立，一竖弯到左边去 构词方法不可忘 习惯用语集中练词不离句法最好 课外阅读莫间断 录 19、基数词变序数词（之二） 20、There be的位置和用法 21、be going的用法 22、have+got 23、以or结尾的词 24、以f（e）结尾的名词复数 25、只能接-ing分词作宾语的动词： 26、定冠词用法小结口诀： 27、倒装口诀： 28、省略口诀： 29、直接引语变间接引语的人称变化: 30、英语分数巧记 31、巧记lie和lay 32、巧记以-o结尾加-es的词 33、巧记48个国际音标 34、动名词在句中的功能及其它 35、分词做定语的位置及其它 36、分词做状语在句子中所表示的意义37、独立主格结构 38、英语四种时态心诀 像椅子坐上去，墙上板儿飞双镖 像笔灯下照儿，竖折一笔最容易 像骆驼背双峰，两笔写完不用多 像门儿屋上建，前竖头连后竖尾 像鸭蛋圆又圆，从左至右画一圈 像气球空中飘，直线上面绑圆圈 像蝌蚪水中游，鸡蛋上面长个把儿 像小孩捉迷藏，一竖半圈加一点儿 像一条小蚯蚓，从右起笔拐两弯 像锤子咚咚敲，先竖后折立的稳 像杯子盛满水，小嘴一张便是它 1 像花瓶插满花，倒看小门就是它 像锯利无比，是它好姐妹 像义字少一点，它和错号一个样 像弹弓射猎物，一根棍儿分两杈 像弹簧弹得高，把放倒就是它 以上字母斜着写，大写要比小写高 2、英语的词类 句子要由词组成， 英语词类有十种： 句中成分用实词， 名、代、动、副、数、形容： 冠、介、连词和感叹， 虚词附加或沟通。 词类功能掌握了， 造句之时好运用。 3、语序歌 主、谓、宾、表同汉语， 定语有同也有异。 状语位置更特殊， 不能全和汉语比。 4、肯定句变一般疑问句 have和be提句首，（句子中有have got或has got的要把have或has提句首，有系动词) 其它助词Do开头。 时间、人称由do变， 动词只把原形留。 谓语助词有几个， 第一助词提句首。 5、肯定句变否定句 否定词语加not， 放在be和have后。 其它要加动词do， do的后面加not， 时间、人称由do变， 动词原形总保留。 谓语若是助词多， not紧跟第一个。 6、名词的所有格 名词只变数， 不分主宾格。 人和动物类， 可变所有格。 撇（）后加s， 相当汉语“的”。 时间、距离等， 也变所有格。 7、名词变复数 单数变为复数式， 加上“s”统言之。 下列结尾名词后， 要加“s”先加“e”： 发音和， 或是辅音加“o”时。 有些名词变复数， 词尾变化要注意： “y”前字母是辅音， 一律变“y”为“ie”； 遇到“f / fe”， 有时需要变“ve” 少数名词不规则， 特别情况靠硬记。 8、时间名词前所有介词的速记 年月周前要用 in， 日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用“on”， 上午下午又是“in”。 要说某日上下午， 用 on 换 in 才能行。 午夜黄昏用 at， 黎明用它也不错。 at 也在时分前， 说“差”用 to， 说“过”要用 past。 9、介词用法歌 介词加宾语， 才能有实意。 表、定、状、宾、补， 词组在句里。 10、介词顺口溜 in 在?里， out 在?外， 在旁边的是 beside， 靠近的为 by。 on 在?上， under 在?下， above 在上头， below 在底下。 2 11、be的用法歌 （一） 动词be，变化大， “I”用“am”“You”用“are” Is用于它（it）、他（he）、她（she） 复数一定要用“are”， 切莫用错闹笑话。 （二） 我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它; 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 12、动词的时态 四种时间各四式， 联想对比便于记。 时间现在和过去， 各自还有将来时。 一般、完成、进行式， 完成进行是四式。 四四共有十六种， 看来复杂掌握易； 除去