外研版英语八年级上复习提纲.doc

外研版英语八年级上复习提纲第一模块语法：一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。五、现在完成时：（略，后面复习）六、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。translate into 把翻译成 translation 翻译（名词）the number of 的数字 a number of =numbers of = many 许多write down 写下，记下 write it down , write down your mistakeselse 其他 what else 还有其他的 , anything else 其他的一些， sombody elses books 其他人的书newspaper 报纸（可数）in the newspaper , on paper .each各个，每个 each of us likes running . each other 互相enjoy yourself (myself , yoursef, herself , himself , itself , yourselves , ourselves , themselves)=have a good timea piece of 一张（片，块，件，则） all the time 总是，一直borrow 借（入） lend借（出） keep借（保持）why dont you = why not you 为什么你不 in class 在课堂上next to 靠近，旁边 should 应该（情态动词）Its +adi.+ to do sth. 做某事怎么样。 Its interesting to see English movies.How about = what about (后加名词) How about doing some shopping?try not to do sth. 尝试不要做 help sb. with sth.= help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人某事ask for 请求 ask sb. for sth.向某人请求某事enjoy doing = like doing 喜欢做某事 speak to (with) sb. 和某人说话take a deep breath 做个深呼吸quickly动作迅速地，敏捷地 We get up quickly in the morning . fast速度快 He can ran fast.leave离开 leave Beijing 与leave for Beijing 离开北京与去北京。 I left my homework at home.忘记 look for寻找make friends 交朋友 invite sb. to 邀请某人 invitation邀请（名词，不可）in the order 按顺序 parctie doing 练习做say hello / goodbye to sb.向某人问好/说再见 learn from 向 学习remember/forget to do sth. 记住/忘记了做某事（事情还没做） remember/forget doing sth 记住/忘记做某事（事情已经做了） Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。 Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?make mistake犯错误 adivce (名词) advise(动词)建议excellent= very good 出色的;杰出的;优等的 hear from 收到某人来信第二模块语法：现在完成时 have(has) + done 表示“已经”、“曾经” everHave you ever been to Shanghai? Yes, I have . / No, I havent ( No, never.)experience经验（不可），经历（可） I know from experience that there will be rainy tomorrow. 据我的经验，今天要下雨。 He had many interesting experiences while travelling inAfrica. 他在非洲旅行时，有很多有趣的经历。kind 种类 all kinds of animals各种动物 kind仁慈的，和善的 Its kind of you to invite me to your party 你太好了邀请我参加你的晚会。 kind of 有点儿,有一些 Beihai Park is kind of quiet . 北海公园有点安静。come true 成为现实 abroad 在国外（副词） be abroad 在国外 go abroad 去国外 one day 某天 all over China 全中国more than = over 超过 sell out 卖光 be frome= come from来自another 又（一）个，再一（个）（指三个以上） another apple ，another two applessend sb. sth.= send sth. to sb. 送某人某物 travel around the world 环游世界the price of 的价格 Whats the price of the book ?= How much the book ?take off 起飞；脱下 land 土地；着落 enter 进入，参加What do you reckon ?= What do you think ? 你是怎么认为的？exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 Are you excited about going to Beijing? 你要去北京了，感到兴奋吗？ He told us an exciting story yesterday. 他昨天给我们讲了一个使人激动的故事。其他类似的词，surprising /sruprised ；interesting/interestedgo to sleep 睡觉=go to bed be asleep 睡着的=fall in sleepby plane 坐飞机take a plane =on a plane fly to sw.=go to sw. by plane 坐飞机到某地at the end 结束时 in the end 最终，终于 get up 站起来；起床beside , next to , near三个词都是在旁边，在附近，靠近的意思：但是表示远近时候还是有区别的。从近到一般近到最近为到：NEAR BESIDE NEXT TOcook sth. for sb. 为某人做什么饭菜=cook sb. sth. buy sth. for sb. =buy sb. sth.为某人买什么problem（需要solve解决）的问题 question（需要answer回答的）问题yet （迄今）还，已经(用于否定句和疑问句中). Has the bell rung yet? - It has not rung yet.已经敲钟了吗? - 还没有. Anne has already finished. 安妮已经做完了how to do sth. 怎么样做某事 Can you tell me how to learn English well?=Can you tell me how I can learn English well?before 以前；在之前 （常用完成时） ago 以前（过去时） His parents died ten years ago他父母十年前都去世了。 I have never been there before我以前从来没有去过那里 I never saw him before我以前从未见过他。第三模块语法：现在完成时 刚刚、过、还（未）、最近 just already yet recently时间状语 since forWhat are you up to ?= What are you doing?你在做什么？the latest news最近的消息 several months 几个月 not yet 还没有It take(for sb.) +时间+to do sth.（某人）做某事花了多少时间 It took me two hours to do my homework yesterday. (扩展) I spent two hours (in)doing my homework yesterday. I spent two hours on my homework yesterday. The homework cost my two hours yesterday. spend 与cost与pay一样还可以表示“花钱”。have been to 与have gone to have been to 是曾进去过某地方，但已经回到说话现场have gone to 是在去某地的旅途中或去了某地还没回来。例： I have been to Guangzhou twice.(我去广州两次了，此时该人不再广州） He has gone to guangzhou.(他去了广州，现在在广州或在去的途中）no one=nobady 、 none 、nothing no one / nobody 常用来指人，作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式. none 可指人也可指物，作主语时，如和 of 连用指不可数名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式；指可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数均可。nothing 常用来指物，作主语时谓语动词也要用单数形式；No one likes a person with bad habbits. None of them has / have seen me before. Nothing is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. none 可用来回答 How many / much？ 的特殊疑问句；而 no one / nobody 及 nothing 则分别用来回答 Who？ 和 What？ 的特殊疑问句。如： How many birds are there in the tree？ None. What is in the box？ Nothing. Who is in the classroom？ No one / Nobody.take the space shuttle 乘坐宇宙飞船 show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.给某人看某物on bussiness出差 millions of 几百万年（hundreds of , thousands of , billion of ）theyre coming back this evening .= they will come back this evening .某些动词的现在进行时可以表示将来时。如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 等等.go around the sun 围绕太阳转 也also(句中)too(句末)either(否，疑句)are called =are named 被叫做(be动词+行为动词过去分词) Lao She are called a language master in China.along 与lonely 独自，孤独 along是指独自一人，单独，它是副词 而lonely则是指孤独，寂寞，荒凉，它是形容词 along多指表面上一个人的，lonely是指心灵上的孤寂。she lives along,but she doesnt feel lonely. 她一个人住，但是她不感到孤独。most of 大多数的 once 一次（twice两次 three times 三次）discover找到（未知） find找到（已知） look for 寻找 look out找出（真相）space station 太空站 come back 回来 next year 明年 so far 到目前为止asas 和一样 Daming lears English as well(原形)as Lingling .finish doing 做完某事 write to sb.写信给某人 write back回信sothat太以至于 tooto太而不能 enough to 足够.而能做某事 通常来说，这三种句型可用于同义句转换，具体如下： too.to. =not 反义词 enough to =so.that 否定句 例：He is too young to go to school. = He is not old enough to go to school. = He is so young that he cant go to school.must与have to都有必须、应该的意思。但二者有区别： must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须，have to则侧重客观上的必须，可译为不得不。must与have to经常可以互换使用。I must/have to go to school now.现在我必须上学了。 We must help each other. My sister is ill, my mother has to look after her. 注意must表示推断或猜测: Your sister must be a doctor in this hospital.（一定）你姐姐一定是这家医院的医生。 否定 dont have tohavent to 表示不必 mustnt 表示禁止be afraid to do害怕做某事 be afraid of sth.害怕某样东西prefer 1 prefer to do/doing 喜欢做 2 prefer A to B 比起B更喜欢A 3 prefer doingA to doing B 比起做B更喜欢做A 4 prefer to do A rather than B比起做B更喜欢做A第四模块现在完成时：从过去持续到现在。 since (时间点) for (时间段) I have stayed in the hotel for a week. I have stayed in the hotel since last Monday. 并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer. 上年夏天我在这个旅馆呆了一个星期。 I will stay in the hotel for a week next month. 下个月我要在这旅馆呆一个星期。瞬间动词（点动词）与延续性动词 瞬间动词（点动词）表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。 He has died for three years. 可改为：He has been dead for three years. 将终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词举例：leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, catch a coldhave a cold。小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。1) (对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2) (错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.How soon 多久后（将来时） How long 多长 How often 多长时间一次 How soon will you go to school? Ten minutes later. 你多久后要去上学啦?十分钟后. How long is the rope? About five miles. 这条绳索多长? 大概5米. How long is the you holiday? Two months. 你有多长的假期?两个月. How often do you go to swim? Once a week.你多长时间去游一次泳呢?一个星期去一次.teach sb. sth. 教某要某事 Mr. Liu teaches us English.head teacher 校长 hear about/of 听到，听说 drop out of school 退学get on (well) with 与相处（融洽） He gets on well with his new classmates.他和他的新同学们相处得很好take part in与join take part in是参加规模较小的团体，活动。I took part in a party last night.昨天晚上我参加了一个派对。join也是参加，可是参加大是比较正式，大型的团体，活动。 I joined the Party last year.我去年参加了一个党派。付钱pay，cost，spend I paid three dollars for a hamburger. 我花了三美圆去买个汉堡 The hamburger cost me three dollars . 这个汉堡花了我三美元 I spent threedollars on a hamburger我花了三美圆买了个汉堡maybe相当于perhaps,放句首。 probably副词 Maybe shell come this afternoon. Perhaps shell come this afternoon.她可能今天下午来。 It will probably be fine tomorrow明天大概会是晴天。 maybe和may be可相互转换。 He may be in the office. = Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。luck幸运（名）lucky幸运的（形）luckily幸运地（副） I had a lot of luck in that exam. you are so lucky to pass the exam！ Luckily，I got to the station in time.health健康（名词）healthy健康的（形）Smoking is not good for your health.吸烟对你的健康没有好处。 I like eating heathy food .我喜欢吃健康的食物。到达reach，arrive（小地方at，大地方in），get to 注意：与here there home abroad 搭配的时候不能加介词，如get home. When did you arrive?你什么时候到达的？have some concerts =do some concerts 举行演唱会 in fact 事实上Speaking Chinese is very difficult .说汉语是非常困难的。（动名词作主语）He is an eight-year-old boy.他是一个8岁的男孩。 He is eight years old .He is a boy of eight years old. 他8岁。stop doing与 stop to do When Mr. He came in clssroom , everyone stopped talking .当何老师走进教室，每个人停止了谈论。 When you are tired , you must stop to have a rest. 当你疲倦时，你必须停下来休息。with the help of 在的帮助下。 We finished the work with the help of the teacher.我们在老师的帮助下完成了这个工作。一些 a few （可数） a little(不可数) without 没有（后接名词）因为，由于because 与because of She doesnt go to school because she is ill.She doesnt go to school because of ill.她因为生病没有上学。high school 高中 primary school 小学 get an education接受教育in the last 14 years 在过去的15年中 wear 穿着，戴着（put on 穿上）Project Hope 希望工程 same 同样的 We are in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。We do the same work as they（do） 我们和他们干同样的活。第五模块反意疑问句：陈述句后加上一个简短问句。 She often has lunch at school, doesnt she? You dont like sports, do you? You cant do it, can you? They are very late for the meeting, arent they? They have known the matter, havent they?要注意的一些句子：It is impossible to learn English, isnt it? She never tells a lie, does she? （这样的词语还有little, few, never, hardly, seldom，no, nothing, nobody） Im as tall as your sister，arent I? Everything is ready, isnt it? Lets go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you? Close the window, please, will you ? There will not be any trouble, will there? Mr Smith isnt American , is he ? yes, he is .(不，他是美国人) No, he isnt .(对，他不是美国人)。traditional 传统的(形) traditona传统（名） on earth 究竟,在世界上 on the earth 在地球上 in the earth在地下die死，去世（动） dead 死亡的（形） His mather died in 1985. His mather has benn dead for 10 years .maybe = perhaps 可能,也许 与may be Maybe Sally is her sister. Sally may be her sister.western music / pop music/classical music/modern music 西方的音乐/流行音乐/古典音乐/现代音乐 whos it by? 它是由谁（写）的？Im not sure.我不确定 be born （in / on）出生 the capital city of Austria 奥地利首都also too either也 neither两者都不 Im also a student. Im a student too. Im not a student either. 一般用neither很少。 Neither Ronald nor Sammy is a student.music音乐 musician音乐家make sb.+adj. 让某人 His waltzes made him famous all over Europe.succeed动词 successful形容词 success名词 Our plan has succeeded. He will be successful with the help of us . Its a great success to finish the work .not only but also不但.而且. 要遵循“就近一致原则”，Not only the students but also the teacher was invited.a beautiful old city 一个美丽的古城 take sb. around带着某人周游give concerts 开音乐会 at the age of在。岁时 a piece of music / pieces of musicplay the piano弹钢琴 in addition to (besides) 除之外(be)famous for 以什么著名 a part-time job 一份兼职工作 on holiday 度假decide to do sth. 决定做 the rest of 其余的 have a rest 休息一下go on sth. / go on doing / go on to do继续 after dinner, he went on to learn English.做完家庭作业，他继续学英语 after resting for a few minutes, he went on doing his homework.几分钟后，他继续做家庭作业one of + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数 one of the most popular singersVienna is a beautiful old city on the river Dunube.维也纳是在多瑙河边的一个美丽的老城市。 a large group of 一大群 belong to 属于live 居住 lively 活泼的 lovely 可爱的 at the age of 在岁的时候of course 当然Module 6过去进行时 What were you doing this time yesterday? What were you doing during the winter holidays? I was playing football between 5 and 7 last Saturday. He was doing his homework when someon knocked the door.How is it going?近来怎么样？ I see! 我明白 let me guess 让我猜猜by the river 在河边by=beside sit in a tree 坐在树上 on the tree (长)在树上smile at sb. 朝。笑 look at 看 fall down 摔倒 / fall off 摔下来by mistake 不小心 get tired / be tired 疲倦的have nothing to do没有做什么=dont do anything have no =dont have 没有nothing 不定代词（something everything anything somebody 等）注意用法 There is nothing in the room . Nothing special happened yesterdaythere is nothing = there isnt anything 没有什么东西She didnt think it was strange 她认为没有什么奇怪的。see sb. do / doing看见某人做/正在做某事 hear sb.do /doingacross the field 穿过田野 (through the forest穿过森林)get out出去 grow up 长大 have a picnic野餐 go off 熄灭notuntil 直到才 She didnt go to bed until her mother went home .她直到妈妈回家才上床睡觉。start doing / start to do 开始做。 jump out of bed 跳下床play with a ball 玩球 at about 7 oclock last night昨晚大约7点on my way to school 在我去学校的路上 on ones way home 在某人回家的路上this time last year 去年的这个时候 from to从到jump up 跳起来 look up 查阅；向上看 walk along the beach 沿着海岸散步Suddenly a rabbit passed her . 突然，一只兔子从她身边经过。（动词）= Suddenly a rabbit ran by her .(介词)called Alice 叫做爱丽丝 Do you know the girl called Alice ?think of 基本等于think abou 思考，考虑，认为，想happen to sb.某人发生了什么事 during the day 一整天while when 当的时候 When the teacher came in, we were talking . While we were talking, the teacher came in. They were singing while we were dancing.across (介) 与 cross（动） go across a river 穿一条河 cross the street 穿过街道Every boy and girl likes ice cream. 每个男孩和女孩都喜欢冰淇淋。（用单数）tired 感到劳累的，疲倦的（人） tiring 令人劳累的，疲倦的（物）once or twice 一两次，偶而under 在下面(垂直方向) below 在下面(不强调垂直) (相对应 在上面 over above 还有一个接触的on)Module 7语法：表感和知觉的系动词 look smell taste sound feel look pretty 看上去漂亮taste salty 尝起来咸 feel tight 感觉有些紧 smell sour 闻上去酸 sound noisy 听上去吵闹so much food 这么多食物 so many (可数) so 这么；因此get the food ready（for）(为)把食物准备好 cant wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 shake hands 握手be proud of 为自豪 have a party 开聚会the first time 第一次 family member 家庭成员have a try 试一试 try to do sth. 努力做某事 try dong sth.尝试做某事introduce sb. to sb.把某人介绍给 get angry with sb. 对某人生气be afraid 恐怕 be afraid of sth./sb./doing sth 害怕某事/某人/做某事. be afraid to do sth .害怕做某事be excited about doing sth.做某事感到兴奋 do something wrong 做错事ride a bicycle 骑自行车 would like to do sth. 想要做某事make cookies 做小甜饼Whats the matter with you? 你怎么了？ whats wrong with you ?What she like? 她为人怎样？(性格)What does she look like? 她长的怎样？（外表）quiet 安静的 quick 迅速的 quite 十分，相当 pretty 漂亮；十分，相当both 两者都（复数） all (三个及以上)都 neither 两者都不must 必须；一定 一般疑问句must I do my homework now? Yes , you must . No, you dont have to . (No, you neendnt .)a bit 有点儿，稍微 与a little , a great deal , a lot , much 可放在比较级前 I am a bit taller than Lingling . 还可以放在不可数名词前 There is a bit of food in the bridge . 注：Im not a bit tired . 我一点也不累。 Im not a little tired .我非常（不是一点儿）累。have gone home 已经回家了（路上或到家）too strong （味道）太浓了 Im a teacher , too. 我也是一个老师。 strong 强壮的，强大的much better 好多了 You seem much better . 你好象好多了。have a look 看一看 see you later 一会见wear glasses 戴眼镜 wear 穿着，戴着 put on 穿上 glass 玻璃（不可），杯子（可）as well也 也 I enjoy sports as well .work hard 努力学习（工作） hard 努力地,辛苦地,艰难地,猛烈地/坚硬的，困难的get bad marks 得到糟糕的分数（成绩不好） at first 开始leave for a few days 离开几天 travel a lot 经常旅行Module 8语法：问路Where is the park? How can I get to the park? Can you tell me the way to the park? Is there a park near here? Do you know the way to the park?表方位的介词 at , in , on , under , behind , in front of , near , on the left/right , on the corner of , next to , oppositearound town 环城（旅行） sit around table 围着桌子坐 around nine 大约9点go（walk） along 沿着-走 turn left/ right -向左/右转on/at the corner of (在)拐角处外 in the corner of 内between-and- 在-和-之间 on the left of-在-的左边opposite the market 在市场的对面 by boat 乘船take the boat乘船 on a boaton a clear day 在晴朗的日子里 the way to-的路the best way to do sth.(做某事) 最好的方法 get off 下（车，船）