电大英语写作复习提纲20136及参考答案.doc

英语写作基础期末复习提纲2013.6Part I SequencingGroup 1A. They have to learn not only the streets, landmarks and hotels, but also the quickest way to get there.B. Becoming a London taxi driver isnt easy.C. People who want to pass the examination spend much of their free time driving or even cycling around London, studying maps and learning the huge street directory by heart.D. This is called The Knowledge by London cab drivers.E. They are examined not only on the quickest routes but also on the quickest routes at different times of the day.F. And it can take years of study and practice to get “The Knowledge”.G. In order to obtain a license to drive a taxi in London, candidates have to pass a detailed examination.参考答案：B G A D F E C Group 2A. Trees and flowers of different kinds: pines, palms, banana trees, ferns and hibiscus are planted between the houses, like natural screens hiding each house behind the green “fence”.B. First time visitors to Kims often remark that it is like stepping into another world.C. Located on Central Coast, less than 90 minutes from Sydney, it is an exclusive seaside hideaway.D. Kims is an ideal vacation resort for any one who seeks an escape from the noisy big cities.E. There are 34 private and spacious “beach houses”.F. Many open directly onto the golden sands of Toowoon Bay.G. Sitting in the house, one can always hear the singing of birds and the wash which enhance the tranquility.参考答案：D C E F A G BGroup 3A. Many young men read the sports pages.B. The first page presents news items.C. Businessmen usually open their papers to the business section first.D. Others enjoy the television guides.E. Newspapers have something for everyone.F. Some students read the book reviews and the movie reviews.G. The best way to know about world affairs, local news, and daily events is to read the newspaper regularly.H. The headlines emphasize important political and economic news, such as elections and campaign issues, tax increases, labor-management disputes, and strikes.I. There may also be articles on education problems and government programs.参考答案：G H B C A D F I E Group 4A. Fifth, place logs and larger pieces of wood over the branches.B. Second, twist newspapers into small knots.C. You will be rewarded with a roaring blaze.D. Fourth, cover this pile with a few small branches.E. You should follow several steps if you want to build a campfire.F. Third, make a pile on the ground of several paper knots.G. Lay the larger pieces of wood on the campfire from different directions.H. First, collect a good supply of wood, both small branches and larger logs.I. Finally, strike a match and ignite the paper at the bottom of the campfire, lighting it in several places.参考答案：E H B F D A G I C Group 5A. The basic steps are outlined below.B. The first step is the picking or plucking.C. They are then heated and rolled until the color changes. D. After this they are left to wither and dry for up to a day.E. When the leaves are ready, they are plucked carefully by hand.F. It is generally believed that tea was first drunk in ancient China.G. Different types of tea require variations in this procedure but the basic steps remain the same.H. After this change has taken place the leaves are fermented for several hours and then they are dried.I. Nowadays people all over the world enjoy this drink, but not everyone knows how it is produced.参考答案：F I A B E D C H G Part II Filling in Blanks(1)although but because in addition while by contrastSpeech and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, (1) _ written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, (2) _ the word choice of writing, (3) _, is often relatively formal. (4) _ pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in writing (5) _ a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.Key: 1. but 2. while 3. by contrast 4. Although 5. because(2)in short secondly by and by first of all in addition thirdlyMy ideal job is to be an English teacher, and I want to stay in that profession for different reasons. (1) _, being a teacher I can have two vacations in a year, namely the summer vacation and the winter vacation, during which I can either stay at home or go out for sightseeing. (2) _, teaching itself is learning. In order to teach well, I have to be very confident in and familiar with what I am going to teach in class. (3) _, my English will be greatly improved. (4) _, by teaching I have a lot of chances to stay with groups of innocent boys and girls, which, to some extent, makes me feel young and energetic. (5) _, it is pleasant to be an English teacher.Key: 1. First of all 2. Secondly 3. By and by 4. In addition 5. In short(3)another therefore for example although in addition in conclusionGold, a precious metal, is popular for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has a shiny beauty that is resistant to rust. (1) _, it is suitable for jewelry, coins and decorations. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. (2)_, a Greek coin remains unchanged in color (3) _ it was minted twenty-three centuries ago. (4) _ important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has been used in hundreds of industrial applications. The most recent use of gold is as heat shields in astronauts suits. (5) _, gold is treasured not only for its beauty, but also for its utility.Key: 1. Therefore 2. For example 3. although 4. Another 5. In conclusion(4)although instead in contrast yet whereas howeverEuropean universities and universities in the United States are different in many ways. First European student enroll in fewer courses each tern than American students do. Second, European students seldom live at a university. (1) _ they live at home and travel to classes. Third most European courses are given by professors who lecture to their classes. (2)_ American professors often ask their students questions or allow their students to form discussion groups. Furthermore, European students final examinations are usually oral (3) _ American students take written final exams. (4) _ a European university is mainly a place to study, (5) _ at most American universities, social activities take up a large part of the students time.Key: 1. Instead 2. In contrast 3. whereas 4. Although 5. yet(5)therefore however while similarly for example becauseSynonyms, words that have the same basic meaning, do not always have the same emotional meaning. (1) _, the words “stingy” and “frugal” both mean careful with money”. (2) _, to call a person stingy is an insult, (3) _ the word frugal has a much more positive connotation. (4) _, a person wants to be slender but not skinny, and aggressive but not pushy. Therefore, you should be careful in choosing words (5) _ many so-called synonyms are not really synonymous at all.Key: 1. For example 2. However 3. while 4. Similarly 5. becausePart III Note/Memo Writing(1)Directions: You are the General Manager Will Smith, and you are asked to write a memo according to the facts below. All the key points need to be included in the memo. Mr. Magee, Director of Adams International Trading Corporation, is coming to visit your company, arriving at 18:40 at the Pudong Airport on Flight BE 408 from Manila, Monday, 12 May. You have to write to your secretary, Ms. Lowell, asking her to arrange for someone to meet Mr. Magee at the airport, to arrange three-day accommodation for him in a five star hotel and to book an air ticket of business class to Manila on 15, May for him, too.(2)Directions: You are Jane, and you are asked to write a note according to the facts below. All the key points need to be included in the note. Mr. Brown had once asked Jane to help him get the address of Mr. David Bunyan, yet after some time, Jane did not get it. Write a note for Jane to apologize for this and to promise for further effort.(3)Directions: You are Gorge, and you are asked to write a note to Jenny according to the facts below. All the key points need to be included in the note. George made an appointment with Jenny on 10, May that they would meet each other at the school gate at 1 pm the next day and then go swimming together. Yet George failed to come in time due to his roommates sudden illness. Write a note for George to apologize for this.(4)Directions: You are the secretary Linda, and you are asked to write a memo to your boss Mr. Smith according to the facts below. All the key points need to be included in the memo. The security-door code has changed for the reason that a new panel is now put in use to replace the old one which is of 4-digital code. The new panel allows swipe-cards and requires a 6-digital code which is 138996 and Mr. Smith has to pick up his new swipe-card kept in the safe in your office before he goes to work in his office.(5)Directions: You are the assistant manager Lisa, and you are asked to write a memo for General Manager Peter according to the facts below. All the key points need to be included in the memo. 1. A meeting needs to be held on Tuesday, May 16th. 2. Staff from Marketing Department needs to attend. 3. The main topic is discussion about our new product.4. It will be held in boardroom.5. It will last about an hour. 6. Peter is occupied 9:30-10:30 a.m. and 12:00 p.m.-1:30 p.m.7.参考答案：1. Memo From: Manager Will Smith To: Ms. Lowell Date: Monday, 12 May Subject: Arrangement for Mr. MageeMr. Magee is coming to visitour company. You need do something for his coming. First, ask somebody to meet him at the Pudong airport on Flight BE 408 from Manila.His arriving time is 18:40.Second, arrange three-day accommodation for him in a five star hotel. Third, book an air ticket of business class to Manila on 15May for him.2. Note Dear Mr. Brown I am sorry to tell you that so far I havent got the address of Mr. David Bunyan. sorry for this but I will get it as soon as possible .3. NoteJenny, Im sorry to tell you that I cannot meet you at the school gate at 1 pm and go swimming on 11, May, due to my roommate is suddenly ill. George 10 May4. MemoTo：Smith From：Linda Date：15Jun Subject：The security-door code has changed Mr. Smith，The security-door code has changed to 138996. Instead of the old one requiring 4-digital code, a new panel can swipe cards and needs 6- digital code. Please pick up your new swipe-card , and keep it safe during working time.5. MemoTo: Marketing Department From: Peter Date: May 13 Re: new product Meeting As you know that we have developed a new product recently. We are confident that the new product will bring huge profit to company. We need to discuss more details about the new product and finalize the launch day. The meeting will be held at 2 pm on Tuesday, 16th May in the boardroom. The meeting is scheduled to take about 1 hour. All the Marketing Department staff needs to attend. Thanks for your prompt attention to this memo.Part IV Summary Writing(1) Changes of Peoples DietAs is shown in the above table, some changes have taken place in peoples diet from 1986 to 1990. The consumption of grain, which is the staple food of Chinese people, accounted for almost fifty percent of the total consumption of food in the year 1986, however, the figure dropped to 45% in the year of 1990. Obviously Chinese people started to have less grain for their meals than before. While milk and meat, which used to be considered as expensive and therefore usually kept for only newly-born babies or for the elderly, took just 10% and 17% respectively in peoples diet in 1989, increased to 13% and 21% in 1990. There may be several reasons for the changes. First, people are much wealthier than before. With their higher income, they can afford to buy goods which, in the past, were rarely seen on the dinner tables of ordinary families. Another factor is that people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health. Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. Finally, owing to the economic reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities. For all those reasons, what was formerly called “the basket of vegetables” has become that of varied food.To sum up, insignificant as those changes may seem, they are the signs of the improved economic condition in China. We believe that as the increasing rise in the living standard of the Chinese people, there will be greater changes in peoples diet in the future. (264 words)(2)Good health is as easy as just 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity each day, as recommended by health professionals. This 30 minutes activity can be broken up into short 10-minute bouts of walking: walking to work, school, the bus or the shops.As a regular activity, walking is important in the prevention of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, colon cancer, and injuries (through improved strength and coordination). Walking also improves psychological well-being, muscle strength and flexibility, and concentration and memory as well as strengthening the immune system, managing weight and reducing depression.Lack of regular physical activity is not only unhealthy, and it also puts a great deal of strain on Australias health care system. An estimated $ 600 million could be saved annually in Australia if 10 percent more people participated in regular physical activity. Children who walk to school can benefit from regular exercise and improved concentration and memory. Outdoor activity such as walking is important for children as it provides an informal learning environment that can contribute to the development of physical, practical, emotional and social skills.Walking improves community healthevery trip walked reduces air pollution. The pollutants released by motor vehicles include nitrogen oxides, lead and other harmful compounds. These pollutants contribute to heart and lung diseases, asthma, and respiratory illness. Walking instead of driving helps reduce noise pollution, too. Road noise disturbs sleep, damages mental function, increases blood pressure and psychological stress.Walking is really a wonderful form of exercise for human beings. (250 words)(3)It is very easy to acquire bad habits, such as eating too many sweets or too much food, or drinking too much fluid of any kind, or smoking. The more we do a thing, the more we tend to like doing it; and, if we do not continue to do it, we feel unhappy. This is called the force of habit, and the force of habit should be fought against.Things which may be very good when only done from time to time, tend to become very harmful when done too often and too much. This applies even to such good things as work or rest. Some people form a bad habit of working too much, and others idling too much. The wise man always remembers that this is true about him, and checks any bad habit. He says to himself, “ Im now becoming idle.” or “ I like too many sweets,” or “ I smoke too much,” and then adds, “ I will get myself out of this bad habit at once.”One of the most widely spread bad habits is the use of tobacco. Tobacco is now smoked or chewed by men, often by women, and even by children, almost all over the world. It was brought into Europe from America by Sir Walter Raleigh, four centuries ago, and has hence spread everywhere. I very much doubt whether there is any good in the habit, even when tobacco is not used to excess, and it is extremely difficult to get rid of the habit once it has been formed. (262 words)(4)In the traditional marriage, the man worked at a job to earn money for the family. The money was used for food, clothes, a house, and other family needs. The man made most of the decisions. He was the boss. The woman seldom worked away from the house. She stayed at home, cooked the meals, cleaned the house, washed the clothes, and did other household work.However, the idea of marriage has changed recently in the United States. First, not everyone tries to get married. Some people decide that they would rather live alone. Second, many people get married, and then find that they are not happy. Sometimes, these people get a divorce to end the marriage. Marriage has changed in another way. Many people get married, but their marriages are very different in the relationships, which results from different roles played by each spouse.The man has not always been the spouse who works. Many men now stay at home part of the time. They help to take care of the children and the house. Since the man does not always earn all the money(or any of it, in some cases), both the man and the woman may pay the bills. The man is not the most important person in the house. He may share many important decisions with the woman, and sometimes with the children. More and more women have been working. They may earn more money to help their husbands. In some cases, the woman ea