英汉翻译基础.ppt

ACourseinEnglish ChineseTranslation basicideas skillsandpractice CourseDescription1 Purpose basicideas basicskills translationabilityTextbookandreferences bookstoread 英汉语篇翻译 李运兴 清华大学出版社 2003 英汉翻译教程 张培基 上海外语教育出版社 1980 实用翻译教程 范仲英 外语教育与研究出版社 1994 英汉翻译教程 自考 庄绎传 外语教育与研究出版社 1999 简明翻译教程 成昭伟 国防工业出版社 2006 高级英汉翻译理论与实践 叶子南 清华大学出版社 2004TeachingPlanLookatthecontentsinthetextbook CourseDescription2 Demand FinisheverytaskontimeBeactiveindiscussionHandinyourtranslationhomeworkontime Iwillchoosesometocheck atleast5timesforeachperson Evaluation Classparticipation discussionandhomework research 40 Finalexamination 60 ChapterOneSomeconceptsabouttranslation QuestionstoDiscussWhatistranslation Whatdoestheword translation mean Whatistranslationgenerallyunderstood Whatisatext Whatisthetranslationinatextualperspective Whatisthestandardoftranslation Whatistheprocessoftranslation Whatistranslation 1 Thetermtranslationitselfhasseveralmeanings itcanrefertothegeneralsubjectfield theproduct thetextthathasbeentranslated ortheprocess theactofproducingthetranslation otherwiseknownastranslating Categoriesoftranslationareasfollows Intralingualtranslation or rewording aninterpretationofverbalsignsbymeansofothersignsofthesamelanguageInterlingualtranslation or translationproper aninterpretationofverbalsignsbymeansofsomeotherlanguageIntersemiotictranslation or transmutation aninterpretationofverbalsignsbymeansofsignsofnon verbalsignsystem Whatistranslation 2 Whatisgenerallyunderstoodastranslationinvolvestherenderingofasourcelanguage SL textintothetargetlanguage TL soastoensurethatthesurfacemeaningofthetwowillbeapproximatelysimilarandthestructuresoftheSLwillbepreservedascloselyaspossiblebutnotsocloselythattheTLstructureswillbeseriouslydistorted Thiscorrespondstointerlingualtranslation Whatistranslation 3 Nida Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptor slanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessagesfirstintermofmeaningandsecondlyintermofstyle 1969 Meetham Hudson Translationisthereplacementofarepresentationofatextinonelanguagebyarepresentationofanequivalenttextinasecondlanguage 1972 Bell Translationistheexpressioninanotherlanguage ortargetlanguage ofwhathasbeenexpressedinanother sourcelanguage preservingsemanticandstylisticequivalences 1991 Whatistranslation 4 Somekeyconcepts Source second language targetreceptor s one languageMeaning semantic style stylistic Product processEquivalent equivalence Textmessage Whatisatext 1 Lookatthefollowingexample Isitatext Whyorwhynot Tom swifeisfemale Help Grammaticallyspeaking atextconsistsofsentences asentenceconsistsofclauses aclause phrases aphrase words ButHallidayandHasanthought thewordtextisusedinlinguisticstorefertoanypassage spokenorwritten ofwhateverlength thatdoesformaunifiedwhole Itmaybeanythingfromasingleproverbtoawholeplay fromacryforhelptoanall daydiscussion Whatisatext 2 Atextisaunitoflanguageinuse Itisnotagrammaticalunit Itisnotdefinedbyitssize Atextisbestregardedasasemanticunit aunitnotofformbutofmeaning Thusitisrelatedtoaclauseorsentencenotbysizebutbyrealization Sowecansayatextisacommunicativeunit Itdoesnotonlyconsistofsentences itisalsorealizedbysentenceswhichmustbemeaningful Theexampleisgrammaticallycorrect butitmeansnothing Thesentenceisnotinformative itisnotatext Whatisatext 3 Atextinlinguistics TextrealizedinParagraph SentenceClausePhrase Wordcontrolledby Translationinatextualperspective strategicdecisionmakingranks TextlogicamongclausesParagraphandsentence operationalranks SentencedecodeandencodetheinformationClauseandreconstructsentences clausesPhrasecollocationwordmeaningLookatpage2inthetextbook Standardsoftranslation 1 Whatisagoodtranslation Agoodtranslationtobe That inwhichthemeritoftheoriginalworkissocompletelytransfusedintoanotherlanguage astobeasdistinctlyapprehended andasstronglyfelt byanativeofthecountrytowhichthatlanguagebelongs asitisbythosewhospeakthelanguageoftheoriginalwork Tytler fidelityandfluency Standardsoftranslation 2 Howtorealizeagoodtranslation ConsiderthestyleofthetextConsiderthepurposeofwritingandtranslation writerandreader ConsidertherelationshipbetweenmeaningandstructureConsiderthebackgroundandcultureConsidertheskillsused Processoftranslation1 Understanding expression checkingtextunderstandingparagraph sentence clause checkingphrase wordexpression Processoftranslation2 Nida sexplanationLanguageALanguageBDecodingEncoding Understanding Reconstructing Xtransf