时态和语态学.doc

时态和语态(一)时态一、一般现在时Around two oclock every night, Sue _. It somewhat bothers us.(2013湖南高考) 每晚两点左右，休就开始说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。I learned that_when I_.我上小学时就知道了地球围绕太阳转。_, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。_. 公共汽车来了。1主要用来表示人、事物的_和_；表示_或_的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time等时间状语。2表示_和_。3在时间和条件状语从句中，代替_；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day；条件：if, unless, provided, so/as long as。4用于here, there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示_或_。二、一般过去时Could you please repeat your address? I_.你能不能再重复一下你的地址？我没听清。Long time no see! _?Yes. I _in Nanjing.好久不见！你大学毕业了吗？毕业了，我在南京学了四年英语。I always got up late, and never_.我总是起床很晚，从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。I _ when I got home, and I _.(2013重庆高考) 我到家的时候感到非常累，就直接上床睡觉了。1表示_或_。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。2表示_。3表示_、_。4在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示_。三、一般将来时“What do you want to be？” asked Mrs Crawford. “Oh, I _，” said the boy, with a smile.(2013湖南高考)“你想成为什么样的人？”克劳福德夫人问。“哦，我要当总统。”小男孩笑着说。Do you know Mr. Smith _?No. I _.你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗？不知道。我现在就去看他。Look at the dark clouds. _.看这乌云，要下雨了。Close the door of fear behind you, and_ of faith open before you.(2012湖南高考)关上你身后的恐惧之门，你将会发现信心之门在你面前敞开。We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 oclock.我们必须快点。第一节课将在8点开始。1将来时的构成为will/shall/be going to动词原形。表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。2will, shall表示将来，有时含_、_的意思。3“be going to动词原形”多用在口语中，表示“计划、打算要做某事”，此外，be going to还可表示根据_。4“祈使句and/or句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语_。5某些动词的一般现在时可以表示_，此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。四、现在进行时Hurry up, kids！The school bus_！(2013四川高考)孩子们，快点！校车在等我们！I dont really work here; I a_ until the new secretary arrives.我不真正在这里上班，我只是来帮忙，直到新秘书来了(我就走)。“The moment _，” he _, waiting nervously.(2012湖南高考)“这一刻就要来到了，”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。He _, which makes his teacher upset.他总是犯同样的错误，这使他的老师生气。1现在进行时的构成为am/is/aredoing。表示某阶段_或_，虽然此时动作不一定正在进行，常与these days, this week等时间状语连用。2现在进行时还可表示_或_，这类动词主要有：go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do等。3表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有_、_、_等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time等连用。五、过去进行时Jim_ a latenight film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.(2013陕西高考)吉姆正在家里看午夜电影，就在看到一个惊险场面的时候，电视变得一片空白。The boy_when his father came back from work.当那个男孩的父亲下班回来时，他正在做作业。I _that day, but I had to phone and cancel.(2013江西高考)我打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是不得已打电话取消了。1过去进行时的构成为was/weredoing。表示_或_正在发生的动作。2表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用_。这类动词主要有leave, start, arrive, go, come等。六、将来进行时I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning_.(2012辽宁高考)我觉得特别兴奋！明天早晨这个时候我就要飞往上海了。The places of interest in Xian attract my family all the time, and I hope we _ourselves this time next year.(2014陕西五校模拟)西安的名胜古迹一直吸引着我们一家人，我希望明年的这个时候我们正玩得愉快。将来进行时的构成为willbedoing。表示_。七、现在完成时Have you heard about the recent election?Sure, it _for the last three days.(2013湖南高考)你听说过近期的选举吗？当然了，它是近来三天新闻中唯一的事情了。His first novel_ since it came out last month.(2011陕西高考)他的第一本小说自从上个月出版之后就很受欢迎。_ since I came to this school.(2011湖南高考)这是自从我到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。This is the first time that _.这是我们第一次面对这样的问题。1现在完成时的构成为have/hasdone表示_或_刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与up to now, so far, already, yet, now, recently, in the past few years, just等表示时间的词连用。2用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作_。3在“It (This) is the best (worst, most interesting等)名词从句”中，从句中的谓语用_。4在“It (This) is (will be) the first/second/third . timethat从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用_。八、过去完成时Tom and I became friends in 2000, although we _.汤姆和我在2000年成为朋友，尽管在几年前我们就见过面。I_ you, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。_ when the audience kept asking him questions.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。By the time Jack returned home from England, his son_.(2011辽宁高考)杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。That was the second time that _ 这是她第二次看见她的祖父了。1过去完成时的构成为haddone。表示过去_，即过去完成时的动作发生在“_”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before, after, by, up till)，这种时态从来不孤立使用。2动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用过去完成时，表示_。3在“hardly (scarcely). when ., no sooner . than .”句型结构中，主句用_，从句用_，意思为“一就”。4by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用_。5表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用_。九、将来完成时By the time Mr. Smith arrives at the supermarket, we _ for one hour.(2014西安检测)等到史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将已经在那里待一个小时了。By this time of next year, all of you_.到明年的这个时候，你们大家就都成为大学生了。将来完成时的构成为willhavedone。主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间完成，上下文情景中常含有by短语，如by six oclock, by the weekend, by the end of next month等。十、现在完成进行时_ how to improve the program since 9 am.(2012全国卷)自从上午9点经理就一直告诉工人如何改善这一方案。_you can succeed for five years.五年来你一直在说你能成功。Too much has been happening today. _。 1现在完成进行时的构成为_。表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。2表示_。3表示_。十一、过去完成进行时When Alice came to, she did not know _.(2011全国卷)当艾丽丝苏醒过来的时候，她不知道自己已在那儿躺了多久。(表示lie这一动作先于did not know，且lie这一动作还在进行)She told me that she _for 5 years.她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续)She told me that she_for an hour.她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)过去完成进行时的构成为hadbeendoing。主要表示过去某一时间_。表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去某一时间。这一动作可能_。考点一 一般时(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时)1(2013新课标全国卷)If we _ now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.Ahadnt actedBhavent acted Cdont act Dwont act2(2013山东高考)I didnt think Id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good.Ahas been Bwas Chad been Dwould be3(2013安徽高考)Im calling about the apartment you _ the other day. Could you tell me more about it?Aadvertised Bhad advertised Care advertising Dwill advertise4(2013北京高考)Do you think Mom and Dad _ late?No, Swiss Air is usually on time.Awere Bwill be Cwould be Dhave been考点二 进行时(现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时)5(2013北京高考)Hurry up! Mark and Carol _ us.Aexpect Bare expecting Chave expected Dwill expect6(2013湖南高考)I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.Im so sorry. But I _ my homework.Ahad done Bwas doing Cwould to Dam doing7(2013江苏高考)Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure.I _ a report at home.Awill be writing Bwill have written Chave written Dhave been writing考点三 完成时(现在完成时、过去完成时)8(2013浙江高考)During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _ sharply.Awas increasing Bhas increased Chad increased Dwill be increasing9(2013辽宁高考)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _ it for a very long time.Ahas had Bhad hadChas Dhad考点四 完成进行时(现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时)10(2013福建高考)The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.Atook Bis taking Ctakes Dhas been taking 解题技法指导英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境。解题时应特别注意以下几点：1把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态之间的差异。2准确理解语境意义，捕捉隐含的时间信息。3克服惯性思维，排除“假性时间状语”的误导。4注意巧变语境，培养发散性思维。解题时应注意以下步骤：第一步：定时做有关时态的试题首先要学会定“时”，即根据题干内容判断要填的动词是_的。是_、_、还是_？第二步：定体定完时后，要学会定体。体分为：一般体、进行体、完成体、完成进行体。高考对进行体的考查主要集中在以下几点：动作的_、_；表示_、_；表示_或_或_；表示_或_，往往含有_、_、_等情绪。典例(2013山东高考)Oh no! Were too late. The train _.Thats OK. Well catch the next train to London.Awas leaving Bhad left Chas left Dhas been leaving(二)语态一、被动语态的构成The window is dirty.I know. It_.窗户脏了。我知道。好几周没擦了。All the employees except the manager _.除了经理以外所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。The number of deaths from heart disease _ if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.如果人们被说服了吃更多的水果和蔬菜，那么死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。时体现在过去将来过去将来一般is/am/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/should be done进行is/am/are being donewas/were being done完成have/has been donehad been donewill/shall have been donewould/should have been done 点津“get过去分词”表示_。二、主动表示被动的用法_.她被证明既有耐心又很热心。No matter how hard he tried, _.不管他怎么努力开门，门就是打不开。What about the books?_这些书怎么样？这种书很畅销。_ needs repairing/to be repaired.他祖母住的房子需要维修。1“系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep形容词/名词”构成_。2表示主语的某种属性特征的不及物动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut等，可用主动形式表示_。3动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，后接不定式的_或动名词的_意义相同。考点一 被动语态1(2013辽宁高考)We are confident that the environment _ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.Ahad been improvedBwill be improved Cis improved Dwas improved2(2013北京高考)So what is the procedure?All the applicants _ before a final decision is made by the authority.Ainterview Bare interviewing Care interviewed Dare being interviewed3(2013湖南高考)If nothing _， the oceans will turn into fish deserts.Adoes Bhad been done Cwill do Dis done4(2013北京高考)Shakespeares play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years.Ahad been made Bwas made Chas been made Dwould be made考点二 主动表被动5(2013重庆高考)A Midsummer Nights Dream _ at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.Aopens Bis opened Cwill open Dwill be opened.单项填空1(2014安庆二中检测)Hi, Mr Smith. Which department do you work in?I am in the Marketing Department now, but I _ in the Sales Department before long.Aworked Bwill work Chave worked Dwill have worked2(2014苏州模拟)As he approached the door, Mike looked into the room again to see if he _ anything behind.Aleft Bhad left Chas left Dwould leave3Why do you look so depressed?Im in pretty bad shape and I _ things.Ahave forgotten Bam forgetting Chad been forgetting Dwas forgetting4(2014南京第十三中学模拟)In the past decades, sea ice _ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.Ahad melted Bhas been melting Cmelted Dis melting5(2014蚌埠二中模拟)I_ in a foreign trade company for three years. Still, I dont regret giving up the job and living with my family.Aworked Bhave worked Chad worked Dhave been working6It is the sixth time that our government _ loan interest rates on purpose to cool housing prices.Ahas raised Bhad raised Cis raising Draised7David, are you listening to me?Sorry, Dad. I _to make sense of what the reporter said.Awas trying Bhave tried Cam trying Dtried8(2014南师大附中模拟)Mr Harry, we want to hear what you think about the reform being carried out in our school.OK, I _ to that.Aam coming Bhave come Ccame Dcome9(2014江西九校二次联考)Over the past month, Chinese cinema _ the great success of the lowbudget film Lost in Thailand.Awitnessed Bhas witnessed Cwould witness Dhad witnessed10(2014杭州一检)I _ up to $5,000 by the time the new term begins in September.Ahave saved Bwill have saved Cwill be saving Dhad saved11(2014淮北模拟)When are you leaving for Chicago?As soon as we _ the project.Aare completing Bcompleted Cwill complete Dcomplete12(2014徐州一中月考)She is a wellknown doctor now, but she _ as a cleaner at the hospital for five years.Ahas worked Bworked Chad worked Dworks13(2014郑州第三次质量预测)Linda, the phone in your office cant be connected all the time. Why?Oh, sorry, Miss Miles. The service _ since last Wednesday.Ahas been stopped Bhas stopped Cwas stopped Dhad stopped14(2014东北师大附中摸底)Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers _ to ten Hope Schools in South China.Awere sent Bwas sent Chave sent Dhad been sent15(2014南通质检)I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well.Ahave told; washes Bwas told; washed Chave been told; washes Dhave been told; is washed.用所给词的适当形式填空1(2014太原模拟)Mr White didnt come last night, did he?No, we_ (wait) for him. A whole night was wasted.2(2014宝鸡检测)By the time the girl comes back to life, scientists probably _ (discover) a cure for this incurable disease.3(2014郑州检测)It is believed that many more popular terms _ (create) on the Internet this year.4(2014天津第一中学月考)This kind of glasses made in Shanghai _ (wear) comfortably.5(2014杭州二中检测)To our great relief, Jacks illness proved not to be as serious as we _(fear)2015年高考真题1.【2015北京】22.-Did you enjoy the party?-Yes,we_by our hosts.A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated2.【2015北京】26.in the last few years,China _ great achievements in environmental protection.A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making3.【2015北京】27.Did you have difficulty finding Ann house?Not really. She_us clear directions and we were able to find it .easily?A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give4.【2015北京】30. Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I_ him later.A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling5.【2015重庆】1. Is Peter coming?No, he_ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.changesB. changed C. was changing D. had changed6.【2015重庆】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_ cut.A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been7.【2015浙江】8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was8.【2015天津】9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement_ so far by the two sides.A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reachD. will have reached9.【2015天津】6. Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _ a class at that time. A. will teachB. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching10.【2015四川】4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built11.【2015陕西】24. At college, Barack Obama didnt know that he the first black president of the United States of America.A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became 12.【2015陕西】22. Mary really hard on his book and thinks hell have finished it by Friday.A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked13.【2015福建】30.Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since.wroteB. had writtenC. has been writing D. is writing14.【2015福建】26.To my delight, Ifrom hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.A. was chosenB. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen15.【2015江苏】30.The real reason why prices _ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been16.【2015安徽】29.It is reported that a space station _ on the moon in years to come.A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built17.【2015安徽】24.Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I _ my bank in the cafe.A. have leftB. had leftC would leaveD. was leaving18.【2015湖南】28.He must have sensed that I _ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quiet