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2008年上海市高考英语新题型解题指导 于冬梅2008年,上海市英语高考题型在原有的基础上做了一些变动,语法与词汇部分由原来的20道选择题(16道语法题加上4道词汇题)改为Section A和Section B两个部分,其中Section A仍然由16道语法选择题构成,而Section B则改为一篇短文,短文中有九处被挖空,短文前,给考生提供编号为A-J的十个单词,要求考生根据文章内容,选出其中九个填到正确的位置,一个单词只能使用一次,目的是考查考生的词汇知识及在语境中运用词汇的能力。而原来的两篇完形填空,每篇10个小题,压缩为一篇,改为15个小题。这一改变是英语考试观念上的一大进步,改变了以前在没有上下文语境的独立的句子中考查单词运用能力的不科学的做法,对于考生而言,这是一个好消息,因为只要考生具备基本的语法和词汇能力,把握这样题型的基本解题技巧,这道题的得分率会远远高于以前的词汇单选题以及完形填空题。下面我们来全面分析一下新题型,且看上海市教育考试院汇编的上海卷考试手册中所提供的样题:Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. facilities B. different C. access D. strongly E. assessesF. empty G. used H. lived I. hardly J. uninterruptedDear editor,It has been proposed that all the study rooms operated by the Boys and Girls Clubs Associations should be closed. I am _1_ in favour of this proposal.These study rooms were a very good idea when they were first opened. At that time, most families _2_ in very hot and crowded flats and it was extremely difficult for students to find somewhere quiet and _3_ to study.Now, however, the situation is totally _4_. Not so many students live in such difficult home conditions. There are also more alternative places for students to study. Most of them have better and more up-to-date_5_, such as public libraries which have _6_ to the internet. Additionally, many schools are more flexible now, and allow students to study in air-conditioned rooms after school hours. As a result of these changes, the study rooms operated by the Boys and Girls Clubs Associations are _7_ used for most of the year. For much of the time they are completely _8_. In fact, they are only occupied at all for a month or two before the public examinations. This is a serious waste of space and resources. These rooms could be _9_ for other activities, which would be popular throughout the year-such as indoor sports, games and internet services.For these reasons, I support the proposed closure of the Boys and Girls Clubs Associations study rooms.Yours faithfully, Chris Wong选项中有两个名词:facilities, access;三个形容词:empty, different, uninterrupted;两个副词:hardly, strongly;三个动词:lived, used, assesses. 考生在做题的时候可以采取以下的步骤,首先,通读一遍全文,了解文章大意,在阅读的过程中,对于比较简单的空格可以及时填上去,如第2题填lived,第4题填different;然后,在了解文章大意的基础上,仔细阅读含有空格的语句,从语法和词义两方面结合分析此空缺少什么样的单词,如第9题很容易判断出此处需填used,第3、8题根据前面的be动词,马上能推断出需要填上两个形容词,在empty, uninterrupted之中很容易能根据词义将它们分配到合适的空格中,第3题因为前面的quiet,选uninterrupted(不被干扰的)非常合乎题意,第8题为empty;根据基本语法规则,考生应该能够判断出第5、6题缺少名词,在两个名词中,如果考生知道have access to这一搭配,或者facilities的含义,那么就很容易得出结论了。剩下的第1、7题,考生通过仔细观察,会发现这两句话从主谓宾结构上已经是非常完整了,那么欠缺的应该是副词,从句意上看第1题“strongly in favor of (强烈支持)”,非常通顺。而第7题“are hardly used (几乎没被使用过)”,符合文义。以上是对官方样题的解读。我们再来看一篇选自某练习册的题目,分析一下除了以上提到的基本解题思路外,考生还需要注意哪些方面。A. since B. suffered C. limit D. useless E. hiredF. go G. bike H. adventures I. change J. headsFat and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. Football, tennis, cricket- anything with a round ball, I was _1_, he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in Devonshire, England. It was a mountain _2_ he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set up his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18, he ran his first marathon. The following year he met John Ridgway and was _3_ as an instructor at Ridgways school of adventure in Scotland, where he learnt about Ridgways cold-water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and _4_, the decided that this would be his future. In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He _5_ frostbite, ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the _6_, pulling his supply-loaded sled up and over rocky rice. Saunders has _7_become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and hes skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the _8_. Next October, Saunders, 27, _9_ south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, a 2900-kilometer journey that has never been completed on skis. 本篇方框中所提供的单词比官方样题中的单词要复杂一些,主要体现于一个单词多种词性,如limit,change,adventures,heads既可作动词又可作名词,特别是head作动词时的含义为“朝前进”,这就要求考生能熟练掌握一个单词多种词性以及多种含义,在初看这些词时不要先入为主,把某单词的意思单一化,从而限制了自己的理解思路。此题还有一个难点,那就是since,同学们对该词通常是掌握了它的连词用法,以及词组ever since,而对于它作为副词用于have done之间,表示“后来”之意,不大熟悉。当然,这道题可以放到最后做,在since和go之间做出选择还是比较容易的。(参考答案:1. D 2. G 3. E 4. H 5. B 6.C 7. A 8.I 9. J)再来看看下篇范例:A. add B. rearranged C. contain D. find E. pauseF. head G. unroll H. command I. assume J. prepareIts 2035. You have a job, a family and youre about 40 years old. Welcome to your future life. Getting ready for work, you _1_ in front of the mirror, Turn red, you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronic are _2_ in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe that you are 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. Youre not even middle-aged. As you go into the kitchen and _3_ to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear: To lose weight, you shouldnt eat that, from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code on the cereal box to _4_ out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast? A list of possible foods appear on the counter as kitchen checks its food supplies. Ready for your trip to space. You ask your son and daughter. In 2005 only specially trained astronauts went into space. and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacation. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, you _5_, The doctor said you need these for space travel. Thanks to medical advices, vaccination shots are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods _6_ specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids _7_for the front door. Its time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. My office. Autopilot, you _8_. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and _9_ your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video films rather than

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