2012职称英语教材新增阅读文章包括答案(仅供参考)综合.doc

Telling Tales about PeopleOne of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about peoples lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a persons life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the persons earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone elses life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.词汇：backdrop n. 背景interchangeable adj. 可转换的注释：1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明?富兰克林和海伦?凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。2. Memoirs，strictly speaking，are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。练习：1. This passage is mostly about _.A. the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographiesB. famous autobiographiesC. why biography can be difficult to writeD. differences between autobiographies and memoirs2. Helen Keller wrote_.A. a memoirB. an autobiographyC. a work of fictionD. a biography3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they_.A. feel they have to make up details to make their books sellB. constantly compete with biography writersC. want to present themselves in a good lightD. have trouble remembering the good times4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by_.A. defining itB. giving an exampleC. explaining why it is hard to writeD. telling when people first began writing it5. Diverse means_.A. able to swim in deep waterB. similar or alikeC. varied or differentD. enjoying poetry答案与题解：1. A 本题问的是：这篇文章主要是关于？文章第一句说到最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些来描述人们生活的故事，这些故事大致分为三类：自传回忆录和传记。然后通篇对这三种类型进行了介绍，因此A是正确答案。2. B 本题问的是：海伦?凯勒谢了什么？第二段第5句话写到：就像本明杰?富兰克林和 海伦?凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。因此B是正确答案。3. C本题问的是：自传作者通常不太客观，因为他们？第二段提到：他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格，因此答案是C，他们想展示自己好的一面。4. A本题问的是：本文的作者通过何种方式介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品？答案是A，通过给每个类型进行定义。5. C本题问的是：diverse 的意思是？其汉语意思为“多种多样的”，因此C正确。The Changing Middle ClassThe United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges.1 It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing，more and more people owned their own homes，workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them，and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility. They may have started out poor，but they could become rich. Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility. In other words，they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.The middle class collectively holds several values and principles. One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine ones own economic fate. In addition，middle class morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family, obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself.But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success. A U. S.News & World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet 3. Both spouses now worked，as did some of the children; long commutes became routine; the need for child care put strains on4 the family; and public schools were not as good as they once were. Members of the middle cIass were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat. The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.词汇：designation n. 称号commute n. 上下班路程mobility n. 流动性注释：1. However，middle c1ass is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges. 然而，中产阶级既不是一个真实的称号，也不会带来特别待遇。2. In addition，middle-c1ass morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family，obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneslf. 另外，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。3. make ends meet：收支相抵，维持生活4. put strains on：带来压力练习：1. The information in this passage deals with_.A） an individualB） a social and economic groupC） a political organizationD） government2. A common middle class value is that_.A） people should always have funB） children should be seen and not heardC） debt is nothing to worry aboutD） the family is very important3. ln the years after World War II，the middle class could be defined as_.A） overburdened and in debtB） hard working and suspiciousC） prosperous and optimisticD） young and foolish4. The phrase “In other words in the first paragraph means that the following statement is_.A） an exception to the previous ideaB） a denial of the previous ideaC） a restatement of the previous ideaD） a contrasting idea5. The word collectively means_.A） as a groupB） hesitatinglyC） unknowinglyD） weakly答案与题解：1. B 本题的问题是：本文的信息是关于？本文通篇讲述美国的中产阶级，指的是社会和经济群体，因此选择B.2. D本题的问题是：一个普遍的中产阶级价值观是？本篇第二段最后一句话讲到，“中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物”。A、B、C三个选项不包括在内，因此正确答案是D.3. C 本题的问题是：在二战之后的几年，中产阶级可以被定义为，本篇第一段提到了当时美国经济不断增长并且人们生活水平有了提高，因此选择C选项，繁荣并且乐观。4. C 本题的问题是：第一段中的ln other words这个短语与下列说法一致的是，In other words汉语意思是换句话来说，因此正确答案是C.5. A 本题的问题是：单词collectively的汉语意思是“相同地”，选择A. A Letter from AlanI have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parsons Place by the football ground. Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town. For me，Parsons Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can relax - the small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers. Its very quiet because there are few houses or roads nearby. I think that losing this area will be terrible because we have no other similar facilities in the neighbourhood.I am also against this plan because it will cause traffic problems. How will the people from the new houses travel to work? The motorway and the railway station are on the other side of town.Therefore，these people will have to drive through the town centre every time they go anywhere. The roads will always be full of traffic，there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave. Shops and hotels will lose business. If the town really needs more homes，the empty ground beside the railway station is a more suitable place.No doubt the builders will make a lot of money by selling these houses. But，in my opinion，the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan. As well as this，we will lose a very special place and our town will be much less pleasant.I am going to the local government offices on Monday morning to protest about this plan and I hope that your readers will join me there. We must make them stop this plan before it is too late.词汇:facility n. 场所，设施protest v. 抗议motorway n. 高速公路注释:1. For me，Parsons Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people canrelaxthe small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers. 对我来说，帕森场是非常特别的，因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息。这片小树林里有许多独特的树木并且这里的小溪受到了渔夫和野鸟观察 者的欢迎。2. The roads will always be full of traffic，there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave. 公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方停车，并且来参观我们这儿可爱的老式建筑物的观光者将会离开这里。3. As well as this，we will lose a very special place and our town will be much less pleasant.不但如此，我们将失去一个非常特别的地方并且我们的城镇将会失去很多快乐。练习:1. Why has Alan written this letter?A） To persuade the government to build new houses.B） To protest about a new motorway near the town.C） To encourage more people in the town to use Parsons Place.D） To inform other people about the builders plans.2. Why is Parsons Place particularly important，in Alans opinion?A） Because it is near the football ground.B） Because lots of people live near it.C） Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature.D） Because local people can get there easily by car from the town.3. What will cause traffic jams?A） A building on Parsons Place.B） Building near the railway station.C） Tourists in the narrow streets.D） People going to the shops and hotels.4. Alan says that ordinary people who live in the town will probably soon _.A） open new shops and hotelsB） choose to live near the stationC） be able to buy new homesD） have less money5. Which of these posters has Alan made?A） SAVE OUR SPORTS GROUNDB） SAY NO TO HOUSES ON PARSON S PLACEC） WE NEED HOMES NOT HOTELSD） USE THE TRAIN NOT THE ROAD答案与题解:1. D 本题问的是:为什么Alan写这封信? A、B、C选项在文中没有提到，D选项的意思是让其他人了解建筑商的计划，因此 D是正确答案。2. C 本题问的是:在Alan看来，为什么帕森场非常重要?第一段中提到“因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息”。因此 C 是正确答案。3. A 本题问的是:什么将会引起交通堵塞?第二段提到了，如果按照建筑商的计划，那么“公 路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方来停车”。因此选择 A.4. D 本题问的是:Alan说住在城镇的人们将来可能会，本文第三段提到“每个人将会因这个计划的实施而快速地变穷.因此选择 D.5. B 本题问的是:以下哪个是Alan制作的海报? Alan在本文中一直在说抵制建筑商在帕森 场上建造房屋的计划，因此选择 B，对帕森场上的房屋说不。 The Development of BalletBallet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed. Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens，as well as other nobility，to participate in pageants that included music，poetry，and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones，court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement，they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts，changed to flat shoes，and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France，himself a devoted dancer，founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid -1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company，the Ballets Russes，brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants，George Balanchine，went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.词汇:adjust v. 调整eliminate v. 淘汰pageant n. 盛会influential adj. 有影响力的注释:1. At that time it became common for kings and queens，as well as other nobility，to participate in pageants that included music，poetry，and dance. 在那时，芭蕾舞在国王、王后以及贵族之间变得普遍，并且与音乐、诗歌以及舞蹈一起参与到盛会的表演。2. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts，changed to flat shoes，and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men. 直到17世纪女舞者缩短了她们的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且通过男舞者的帮助开始做一些跳跃和转圈动作。3. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. 由此正式确定了 脚的5个基本位置，这 5个外开的位置成为发展芭蕾舞技术的基础。练习:1. This passage deals mainly with _.A） famous names in balletB） French versus Russian balletC） the way ballet developedD） why ballet is no longer popular2. An important influence in early ballet was_.A） BalanchineB） Marie AntoinetteC） DiaghilevD） Louis XIV3. You can conclude from this passage that ballet_.A） is a dying artB） will continue to change as new people and ideas influence itC） is only currently performed in Russia and the United StatesD） is often performed by dancers with little training4. The information in this passage is presented_.A） through the story of one dancerB） by describing various positions and stepsC） by listing reasons why ballet has succeededD） in chronological order5. The word pageants means_.A） dancesB） instructorsC） kingsD） elaborate shows答案与题解:1. C 本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲述的是，A、B、D 选项都是文章的一部分，而本文主要讲的就是芭蕾舞的发展，因此 C 是正确答案。2. D 本题问的是:对于早期芭蕾舞最重要的影响是，本文第三段提到“在 17 世纪，专业的芭蕾舞蹈团应运而生”“法国国王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈学院”，因此 D 是正确答案。3. B 本题问的是:从这篇文章你可以总结出芭蕾，A 、C、D 选项在文中没有提到，结合本文最后一段可以看出 B 选项是正确的，芭蕾将随着新的人物和新的想法而改变。4. D 本题问的是:本文的信息是通过何种方式介绍的。本文从芭蕾舞的起源开始一直介绍到 芭蕾舞的现况，因此选择 D，按照时间前后的顺序。5. D 本题问的是:单词 pageant 的汉语意思是什么，正确答案是 D ，盛大的表演。The SaharaThe name Sahara derives from the Arabic word for desert or steppe. At 3. 5 million square miles，an area roughly the size of the United States，the Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world. lt spans the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. Daytime temperatures can reach as high as 130F. The humidity sometimes gets into the teens. But it can also be as low as 2. 5 percent，the lowest in the world. Most of the Sahara receives less than five inches of rain per year，while large areas sometimes have no rainfall at all for years.At the heart of the Sahara is the landlocked north African country of Niger. Here the sand dunes can be 100 feet tall and several miles long. Here sand plains stretch over an area larger than Germany where there is neither water nor towns. Yet sitting in the midst of the surrounding desert is the town of Bilma. Suddenly there are pools of cIear water. Surprisingly，there are groves of date palms. Underground water resources，or oases，sufficient to support irrigated agriculture are found in dry stream beds and depressions. Irrigation ditches run off a creek to water fields. Corn，cassava，tea，peanuts，hot peppers，and orange，lime，and grapefruit trees grow in these fields. Donkeys and goats graze on green grass.The Sahara of Niger is still a region where you can see a camel caravan of 500 camels tied together in loose lines as long as a mile，traveling toward such oasis towns. There a caravan will collect life-sustaining salt，which is mined from watery basins，and transport it up to 400 miles back to settlements on the edges of the desert. The round trip across the vast sands takes one month.词汇:Humidity n. 湿度irrigate v. 灌溉stretch v. 伸展camel n. 骆驼date palms n. 椰枣树注释:1. Underground water resources，or oases，sufficient to support irrigated agriculture are found in dry stream beds and depressions. 在干河床和洼地处可找到充足的地下水资源或者绿洲来支持灌溉农业。2. Irrigation ditches run off a creek to water fields. 灌溉沟渠通过一条小溪到达水田中。3. Donkeys and goats graze on green grass. 青草上放养着驴和山羊。练习:1. This passage is mostly about _.A） life in the SaharaB） the deserts of AfricaC） BilmaD） how camels travel in the desert2. Rainfall in most of the Sahara is_.A） less than five inches per yearB） less than ten inches per yearC） less than twenty inches per yearD） zero3. The Sahara can be described as_.A） a place of contrastsB） a place where no one IivesC） an area where the winters are coldD） an area that appeals to many tourists4. The phrase an area roughly the size of the United States gives an indication of the size of_.A） northern AfricaB） NigerC） the SaharaD） all of Africa5. In this passage caravan means _.A） traveling circusB） group traveling together through difficult countryC） railroad trainD） a small，fast sailing ship答案与题解:1. A 本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲了什么?根据文段，本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地理概 况，城镇的农业，以及城镇之间的日常来往。B 选项范围过宽。C 选项不全面，文章不止介绍了比尔马的情况。D 选项文中没有具体介绍。所以 A 是对的。2. A 本题问的是:在撒哈拉的绝大多数地区，降雨情况如何?根据第一段的最后一句话，撒哈拉的绝大多数地区每年降雨量低于 5 英寸。所以 A 正确。3. A 本题问的是:撒哈拉沙漠可以被描述成什么? A 的意思是，一个具有强烈对比的地方。B 的意思是杳无人烟的地方。C 的意思是冬天很冷的地区。D 的意思是吸引很多游客的地方。B，C，D 均不符合文意，因此 A 正确。4. C 本题问的是:句子“大约和美国大小相当的地区”指明的是什么地方的大小?根据第一段的第二句话可知，本句的主语是撒哈拉沙漠。因此 C 正确。5. B 本题问的是:文中“caravan”的意思是什么? A 的意思是旅行马戏团。C 是火车。D 是又小又快的帆船。根据文中的介绍，穿过沙漠的驼队由上百只骆驼组成，来到绿洲城镇收集 盐，因此 B 选项“一群人一起穿过条件恶劣的国家”是正确的。The FamilyThe s