建筑学专业英语文章2.doc

Taste1.People who study examples of good taste嗅觉 can acquire good taste. Some people are surrounded by good taste from birth. Others acquire a sense of taste from teachers or knowledgeable individuals. Those who improve their taste do it by observing and perceiving察觉，理解，认知 objects of good design. 2.History has placed a stamp of approval on the culture and artifacts史前古器物 of ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. The periods of Louis XV 路易十五and Louis XVI路易十六, as well as the designs of the Renaissance 复兴period in Europe, are also rated估价 high from the standpoint 立场，观点of good taste.3.However, taste is always in a state of flux不稳定 because new designs are continually being created. Nostalgia 怀旧also plays an important role in the tastes of many people. It accounts for the popularity of traditional or classical decoration, which represents a return to the “good old days”, as in the popularity of Early American handcrafted 手工and antique古老的 furniture today.4.Some people favor a traditional period and style. Even when this choice is correct in every aspect, it can produce rooms that lack the imprint痕迹，特征 of the individuals personality. Other people who desire to break突变 from tradition find expression表达 for their taste in a choice of contemporary designs. Still another group, the eclectics折中主义, like a mixture of different styles.5.As one looks at the past and contemporary designs with a critical, appraising 评价的eye, accepting what is right for a particular life style and rejecting what is not, personal tastes are developed. No one is born with a discerning敏锐的 eye, nor is it acquired overnight, but once acquired most possessions will become more rewarding.6.Taste is a purely subjective个人的 judgment of what one thinks is beautiful, attractive, or appropriate. What one individual may consider to be good taste another may find in poor taste. Once Victorian homes filled with bric-a-brac 金碧辉煌were considered appropriate. Today modern society frowns on 不满于cluttered environments, as witnessed in our sleek井然有序的, unadorned朴素的 skyscrapers摩天楼and our uncluttered 整理interiors with clean-line furniture.7.Taste is also a personal preference, whether or not others feel that it needs improvement. But genuine 真正的good taste is discrimination 区别and judgment based on a knowledge of art principles that follow good design. Taste is not acquired by accepting each new trend that becomes fashionable, but rather through a deliberate深思熟虑的 and continuing process of first becoming aware, then training the eye to discriminate between what is and what is not good design. How is good taste distinguished from bad taste? An item is in good taste if it can be described as well proportioned成比例的, integrated互相协调的, beautiful, original, fine, sincere, appropriate, logical, direct, and efficient, with its form defining its function. An item can be considered in bad taste if the observer feels that it can be fairly described as chaotic无秩序的, confused混乱的, illogical, shoddy劣质的, fake赝品, cheap, insincere, ostentatious卖弄的, or vulgar粗俗的. There are many degrees of taste, ranging from the abysmally极度地 bad through the mediocre 平凡to the superlatively 无上地good.8.Although the arbiters 仲裁者of taste might disagree with a persons individual judgment and classification等级, whatever they are they represent that persons honest and personal taste. If we are mentally精神上 growing-developing finer 好的discrimination识别力, keener 哭丧女perception知觉, and maturer成熟的人 appreciation-our standards of taste are constantly changing. We might discover that our previous taste has become inadequate不充分, and perhaps even abandon it. Thus it is not uncommon for young consumers to rush out冲出 and decorate their first apartment with furniture they think they like because they did not understand their own taste. Their purchases were made too hastily匆忙.9.Our tastes are a result of how we see things aesthetically美学上, the scope of our educational and cultural experiences, our values, and our attitudes. Our tastes make us reject拒绝certain styles and accept others. Rejection could even evolve into发展成 acceptance as we become more familiar with a style. For example, one may not want to own antiques because they are not understood or appreciated but once a knowledge of antiques is acquired, an individual may become very much interested in using them in the home.10.Taste is more than purely subjective. It is an emotional response, and therefore a blend of thinking and feeling. Your emotional reaction may limit your enjoyment of a design.11.“Taste is also the orientation of an individual that results in his making judgments about social appropriateness of cultural products-nonmaterial, as well as material. Thus judgments of taste can be directed toward music, manners, and social conduct as well as art, architecture, and interior decoration” according to Roach and Eicher, who also point out that “taste is exhibited within a social context and is in relation to standards for taste that have grown out of the behavior patterns of the social group.” Taste operates in a sociological context because judgments are applied to an individuals pattern of selection from the alternatives available. But that individual is judged on the basis of how well his or her taste measures with a given groups taste. In other words, one is assessed with regard to the ability to differentiate good from bad taste as measured against arbitrary standards set by the group.12.Timing also influences what is considered good or bad taste. James Laver, a British historian, saw the relationship between taste and timing when he said that good taste depends upon the time perspective in judging a particular item. An item, he said, is considered thus:“indecent”10 years before its time“shameless”5 years before its time“outre”1 years before its time“smart”in its time“dowdy”1 years after its time“hideous”10 years after its time“ridiculous”20 years after its time13.The amount of time covered may be greatly expanded or condensed for different items or styles; but the cycle is still a valid concept. This concept operates in the collecting of antiques. Ten years ago people were not collecting Art Deco items, but today these items are highly prized. A great deal depends on how far removed an item is from the time period in which it is judged. 人研究的例子可以获得好的品味品味。有些人从出生包围好品味。其他人获得的味觉来自教师或知识渊博的人。那些改善他们的口味做它通过观察和感知对象的好设计。历史已经把一个批准的文化和工件的古埃及、希腊和罗马。这个时期的路易十五和路易十六,以及设计的欧洲文艺复兴时期,也是额定估价高品味的立场。然而,味道始终处于不断变化的状态,因为不断地创造新的设计。怀旧也发挥了重要作用,在许多人的口味。它占传统的流行还是古典装饰,代表一个返回到“好时光”,在美国早期的流行手工和古董家具今天。一些人喜欢传统的时期和风格。即使这个选择是正确的在每一个方面,它可以产生房间,缺乏个人的印记的个性。其他那些渴望打破传统的表现对他们的口味来说,在选择的当代设计。还有一组、折衷学派,像一个混合的不同风格。作为一个看着过去和当代设计与关键、评估评价的眼睛,接受什么是适合一个特定的生活方式,拒绝什么不是,个人品味发达。没有人天生就是挑剔眼光,也不是一夜之间获得的,但一旦获得大多数的财产将会就变得更有价值。品味是一个人的纯粹主观的判断,一个人想什么是美丽的,有吸引力,或适当的。一个人可能会考虑什么是品味另一种可能会发现在贫穷的味道。一旦维多利亚时代的房子充满了小古董被认为是适当的。今天的现代社会环境不凌乱,见证了我们在光滑的、朴实skyscrapersand我们整洁的内饰与清洁线家具。味道也是个人偏好,不管别人觉得需要改进。但真正的品味是歧视和判断基于知识的艺术原则,遵循良好的设计。品味不是获取接受每一个新的趋势,变得时尚,而是通过一个深思熟虑的和持续的过程,首先意识到,然后训练眼睛辨别什么是,什么不是好的设计。如何区别于坏品味品味?一个项目是在品味它是否可以被描述为玉树临风、集成、美丽的,原创的,很好,真诚的,适当的,逻辑的,直接和高效的,它的形式定义它的函数。一个项目可以被认为是粗俗如果观察者认为,它可以相当描述为混乱,困惑,不合逻辑,以次充好、假冒、廉价、虚伪、招摇的,或庸俗。有许多的味觉,从极度地坏通过平庸的到最高地