Unit 4 book 3Common Sense or Legal Intervention.ppt

Unit4CommonSenseorLegalIntervention Smoking ISSUESOFSMOKING Themaincomponentofcigarettesis Nicotine 尼古丁 Tar 焦油 Carbonmonoxide 一氧化碳 Theharmofsmoking Acigarettes Reducesixminutesoflife Smokerversusnon smokergetcancerrateis10 1 Ifyousmoke20cigaretteseveryday yougetcancerratewillincrease17times Whenyousmokeintheenjoymentofpleasureandrelaxationtoyourtime notknowingofdeathhasbeenquietlycomingtoyourside Smokingnotonlydangeroustothesmoker shealth butalsocontaminatetheenvironment AboutASHActiononSmokingandHealth foundedin1967 isthenation sfirst oldest andlargestantismokingorganization andtheonlyonewhichregularlytakeshard hittinglegalandotheractionstofightsmokingandtoprotecttherightsofnonsmokers Inpictures smokingwarnings Smokingreducesthebloodflow WorldNo TobaccoDay InternationalChildren sDay Pleasegiveupsmoking Fortomorrow Chinahasmorethan300millionsmokersonthemainland statisticsfromtheWorldHealthOrganizationshow andnearly1 2millionChinesepeoplediefromsmoking relateddiseaseseachyear makingupone fifthoftheworldtotal Beijing AsmokingbanatallindoorpublicvenuesontheChinesemainlandwilltakeeffectonMay1 theMinistryofHealthsaid thoughspecificpenaltiesorresponsibilitiesforenforcementhavenotbeenset theministryhadorderedapartfromhospitals hotels restaurants barsandpublictransportationonthemainlandtobansmokingindoors AccordingtoJiangYuan deputydirectoroftheNationalOfficeofTobaccoControl JoeEszterhasscrip writeranti smokingcompaigner Unit4 Commonsenseorlegalintervention Objectives tomakestudentsreadarticlesaboutissuesconcerningsmoking toknowdifferentlawsandregulationsconcerningpublicsmokingindifferentcountries focuson recognizingthewriter sattitudeandtone Understandingsupportingdetails detectingthemeaningsofthewordswiththecontextclues contents 1 TheButtStopsHere2 TheWaytoSaveMillionsofLivesIstoPreventSmoking3 HollywoodWriterChangestheScriptonSmoking4 PublicSmoking CommonSensefortheCommonGood Interpretingthequotations 1 Rightnowthemostdeadlystuntinamovieissmoking MarkShurtleff2 Iwillnotbebulliedbyagroupofpeoplewhoreallywanttodotherightthing butthey redoingtherightthingthewrongway ThisisnotAfghanistan damnit Iwillhotwearthissmokingburka WhoopiGoldburg Interpretingthequotations 3 I m18 IwenttohighschoolinLosAngeles andattitudesoverthereareverydifferentaboutsmoking Thepeopleinmyhighschoolwho Andtheydiditbecauseitwascool becauseitwashipskbecausetheysawpeopleinmagazinessmoking BrianSmith Interpretationofthequotations 1 Nowadayssmokingisreallyafrequentsceneinmovies whichhasverybadinfluence 2 Somepeoplewanttohavesmokinginpublicplacesoutlawed Maybetheyaredoingthetightthing forsmokingisharmfultoone shealth Butitisalsothefreechoiceofthesmokers WearenotinAfghanistan andwearenotthewomenwhoareforcedtowearmaskstoconcealoutbeautifulfaces Ifwewanttosmoke we llsmoke Thisisanissueoffreedomanddemocracy 3 ThisisanAmericanteenager sobservationonhispalsandschoolmatesastowhytheypickupsmoking Kidsfromabrokenhometendtosmoke fortheyneedthefeelingofbelongingtotheirpeergroupdesperately Andalsobecausesmokingisdepictedinfilmsandmagazinesasbeingcoolandhip BackgroundInformation Smokinghasbeenaburningissueforsometimenow Asnicotineintobaccoisoneofthemostaddictivesubstances manypeoplehavebeenhookedandcannotgetaway Moviesspurmorepeople especiallyyoungpeople tobecomesmokers assmokingisdepictedasbeingsexyandglamorousonscreens Differentvoiceshavebeenheardaboutsmoking Someaskforbanningsmokinginpublicplaces othersemphasizefreedomofchoice Someblamemoviesforthegratuitousbuttshots otherssaythatmoviesneedtoreflectreality Inthisunit thestudentswillreadarticlesaboutissuesconcerningsmoking Pre readingdiscussion 1 DoyouthinkthatsmokingisbecomingmorecommonamongyoungpeopleinChina 2 Shouldsmokingbeforbiddeninpublicplaceslikerestaurantsandcafes Explainyourview 3 InChinasmokingsometimesisconsideredtobeasocialskill Ifyoucanshareapackofcigarettes youarenolongerastranger Isitagoodideatomakefriendsthroughsmokingorarethereotherwaystodoit ReadingIThebuttstopshere Literally Thebuckstopshere meansyouhavetotakeresponsibilityforsomethingandwillnottrytopasstheresponsibilityontosomeoneelse ThisisalsoHarryTruman sfamousdeclaration Thesloganwasenshrinedinadesk topsigninTruman sOvalOffice Itwaschangedinto Thebuttstopshere toindicatetheauthor sdeterminationtotakehisshareofresponsibilityforstoppingsmokingintheworkplace Sentencesforparaphrasing 1 LastweeksmokingonthejobwasbannedabsolutelyinthecorporationImanage Weenjoyedcleanairagain butatthesametimehadtosufferfromthesuddenwithdrawalofnicotine 2 Nomatterhowattractiveandenchantingallthemuscularcowboysandblondbeautiesincigarettecommercialsare theycannothidethefactthatsmokingisresponsibleforeveryoneoutofsevendeathsinthecountry 3 Iftimeisgoingtobewasted it sabetterideatowasteitondaydreamingandchattinginsteadofonsmoking Languagepoints Para1ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden Since1982ithadbeenrestrictedtoworkareasandcafeterias thehardlinestiffenedlastFebruarywhenemployeeswerepermittedtosmokeonlyattheirdesks Languagepoints Para3Anythingthatkills350 000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers Iftimeisgoingtobewasted I dratheritbefritteredawayondaydreamsandchatterthanflickedintoavalleyofashes Furthermore smokingmaynotbeavictimlessvice Languagepoints Para4Still abancancreateseriouspersonnelproblems Since25percentofouremployeessmoke weareofferingthemon the jobsmoking cessationclassesandcounseling OurmedicalofficeprovidesNicorettes asugarlesschewinggumformulatedtoeasethephysicalwithdrawalfromnicotine Mostofour3 000homeofficeemployeessupportournewpolicy smokersandnon smokersalike butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare discriminatingagainstsmokers Wearenot Ourpolicyaffectsallemployees Smokersarenotaprotectedclass Nomatterwhattheirrace color religion sexornationalorigin theycannotsmokeatwork Languagepoints Para5Wearenottryingtodictatepersonallifestyles Wedonotencourageouremployeestostopsmokingaltogether buttheycannotsmokeonthejob Wesimplycan taffordtheirhabit Accordingtoacongressionalstudy thecosttotheeconomyaverages 65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork Andasamajorparticipantinthefieldofhealth carefinancing wehaveanobligationtoprovethat ifproperlyconceived asmoke freeworkingenvironmentisattainable Thisisn tacrusade Thisisabusinessdecision Languagepoints brawnyadj brawnyarmsDerivation brawnn He sgotmorebrawnthanbrains Languagepoints flickv flickcasually quicklyflickaway back off over round throughSheopenedherdiaryandflickedthroughthepages flickn Withaflickofhiswrist heremovedtheashfromtheendofhiscigarette Languagepoints sapv Herlongillnessgraduallysappedherstrength Yearsoffailurehavesappedhimofhisconfidence Languagepoints crusaden embarkon launch mount beengagedin carryoutacrusadeagreat moral personalcrusadeIthinkhe srunningaone mancrusadeagainstcigarettesmoking Syn campaign drive movement Languagepoints vicen indulgein clearup getridof punishavicea n incurable degrading inherent national humanviceThefilmendedmostsatisfactorily vicepunishedandvirtuerewarded Reading2TheWaytoSaveMillionsofLivesIstoPreventSmoking Smokingban NYCMichaelBloomberg themayorofNewYork signedINTRO256 Aintolaw LocalLaw47 onDecember30 2002 Thelawtookeffect90dayslateronMarch30 2003 Thelegislationbanssmokinginallworkplaces includingbarsandrestaurants exemptstobaccobars owner operatedbars separately ventilatedsmokingroomsinbars privateclubswithnoemployees privatefunctionsorganizedforthepromotionandsamplingoftobaccoproducts andretailtobaccoshops Theproposalofthelegislationcamesixweeksafterthemayorhikedtaxesonpacketsofcigarettesfrom8centsto 1 42 makingthemthemostexpensiveanywhereintheUSat 7 50 4 90 apack MPOWER In2008 WHO WorldHealthOrganization firstintroducedasetofsixkeytobaccocontrolmeasures namelyMPOWER thatreflectandbuildontheWHOFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl MPOWERisapackageofthesixmostimportantandeffectivetobaccocontrolpoliciestocountertobaccoepidemicandreducethedeadlytoll MPOWER i Monitortobaccouseandpreventionpolicies ii Protectpeoplefromsecondhandsmokeiii Offertohelppeoplequit Mostsmokerswanttoquitbutfindithardtostop iv Warnaboutthedangersoftobacco v Enforcebansontobaccoadvertising promotionandsponsorship vi Raisetaxesontobacco Checkingcomprehension 1 Thethreediseases i e tuberculosis AIDSandMalaria havebeengivenalotofattentionbynewspapers radio andtelevisionintheirreporting Inaddition theyhavealsobeengivenahugeamountoffunding Thisisperfectlyunderstandable 2 Imagineacollegebasketballstadiumwhichiscompletelyfull 3 Therewasastrongpublicreactionagainstthelawbanningsmokinginallworkplaces butafterthelawwasactuallyimplemented peoplelovedit 4 WhenItalkedtothosewhodonatemoneyandthosewhospecializeinpublichealth Igottoknowthatmoneyforpublichealthwasinvestedentirelyinfightingothercausesofdeath withalmostnomoneyforfightingtobacco 5 Nowmorepeopleareprotectedbytheantismokingstrategiesandmorecountriesarestartingtoimplementallthesixstrategies Thisispartlybecauseofthelocalgroupswearehelpingindifferentpartsoftheworldandgovernmentofficialswhoarerefusingtoacceptunjusttreatmentbythetobaccocompanies6 Ofcourse thosewhodoubttheeffectivenessoftheanti smokingstrategiessaythattheproblemofsmokingisimpossibletosolveassmokingisdeeplyrootedintheirculture Languagepoints Para1Everydayaroundtheworld tragediesoccurthatareentirelyavoidable siblingsburyingsiblings spousesburyingspouses andchildrenburyingparents allofthemdyingbeforetheirtime Whatistheleadingcauseofthesepreventabledeaths Isittuberculosis AIDS Malaria Eachreceivesagreatdealofmediacoveragealongwithhundredsofmillionsofdollarsinfunding andrightlyso Butthereisanotherdeadlyepidemicthatkillsmorepeoplethanallthreediseasescombined anduntilrecently itreceivedalmostnopublicattention tobaccouse Languagepoints Para4InNewYork wehaveseenhoweffectiveanti smokingprogramscanbe In2002 Isignedalawprohibitingsmokinginallworkplaces Therewasahugeoutcry butthensomethinghappened peoplelovedit Barsandrestaurantssawtheirbusinessincrease WaitresseskissedmeandtoldmeIhadsavedtheirlives Andprettysoon citiesandstatesaroundthecountry alongwithEngland Ireland France Italyandothercountrieswithhighratesofsmoking beganpassingsimilarlaws Alongwiththesmokingban weraisedcigarettetaxesinNewYork ranhard hittingpublic educationcampaignsandprovidedfreenicotinepatches Theresult After10yearsofseeingnodeclineinsmoking we vecutsmokingratesby21percent andwe vecutteensmokingbymorethan50percent Thereare300 000fewersmokersinNewYorkCitythanthereweresixyearsago Languagepoints Para5WhiletobaccouseisnowdeclininginNewYorkandsomeindustrializednations though itisgrowingincountrieslikeRussiaandIndonesia Morethan80percentoftobaccodeathsinthecomingdecadeswillbeindevelopingcountries includingChinaandIndia Butintalkingtophilanthropistsandpublic healthexperts Irealizedthatpublic healthdollarsweretiedupfightingothercausesofdeath andalmostnofundingexistedforfightingtobacco Languagepoints Para7Monitortobaccouseandpreventionpolicies Ialwayssay Ifyoucan tmeasureaproblem youcan tmanageit Todeterminetheeffectivenessofourefforts it sessentialtomonitorwhichcountriesadoptwhichstrategies andhowthosepoliciesaffectsmokingrates Languagepoints Para10Warnaboutthedangersoftobacco Despiteclearscientificevidence relativelyfewtobaccousersfullyappreciatetheextentofthehealthrisk Togetherwithhard hittingadcampaigns largegraphicwarningsoncigarettepackshelpsmokersquit Languagepoints Para11Enforcebansontobaccoadvertising promotionandsponsorship Suchbanscanhelpcounterthebillionsofdollarsthetobaccoindustryspendsonmarketingactivitieseachyear Partialbansandvoluntaryrestrictionshavelittleornoeffect Languagepoints Para12Raisetaxesontobacco Thisisthemosteffectivesinglewaytoreducesmoking particularlyamongtheyoung Besidescreatingadisincentive thesetaxesgeneratetherevenuesneededtofundprogramsandadvertisingcampaignsthathelppeoplequit Languagepoints Para14Ofcourse theskepticssaythattheproblemoftobaccouseistooculturallyentrenchedtosolve Butpartoftakingonanentrenchedproblem whetherit sinhealthoreducationorpublicsafety involveschallengingpeople sexpectationsofwhatispossible AsweknowfromourexperienceinNewYorkCity whenpeopleacceptedhighcrimerates wehadhighcrimerates Whenpeopleacceptedlowhigh schoolgraduationrates wehadlowgraduationrates Andwhenpeopleaccepthighsmokingrates wegethighsmokingrates and5milliontobaccodeathsayear Butitdoesn thavetobethatway Andifmorepeople communitygroups internationalorganizationsandgovernmentofficialstakeactiontostoptheworld sleadingcauseofpreventabledeath itwon t Languagepoints outcryn a n great massive immediate popular public national internationaloutcrycause provoke spark an outcryoutcryagainst over fromThereisamassiveoutcryagainsttheharshprisonsentence Syn protest disapproval objection complaint protestation Languagepoints treatyn a n global bilateral state multilateral formal commercial economic military political cooperate friendship peace arms disarmamenttreatyagreeon drawup prepare negotiate enterinto make sign accept reject criticize adhereto break violateatreatyundera the treatyatreatybetween withSyn agreement compact contract settlement truce Languagepoints triplev tripleinSomegoodshavealmosttripledinprice tripletoThefigurehasmorethantripledto67percent tripleadj atriplealliance partnershipTheamountofalcoholonhisbloodwastriplethelegalmaximum Syn threefold triplicateDerivation triplyadv Languagepoints disincentiven Thistaxwillbeadisincentivetoindustrialdevelopmentinvestors Syn discouragement constraint hindrance impediment obstacle setbackAnt incentiveDerivation incentiven a n considerate massive adequate major additional real direct positive special commercial economic financial monetaryincentiveactas have need create increase reducean theincentive Languagepoints entrenchedadj entrenchedbeliefs attitude interests oppositionYoucan tshiftherfromherentrenchedbeliefs Derivation entrench intrench v Heentrenchedhimselfbehindthenewspaperandrefusedtospeaktoher entrenchmentn entrenchmentofsth Reading3Hollywoodwriterchangesthescriptonsmoking TobaccoAdvertisingProhibitionActTheTobaccoAdvertisingProhibitionAct1992ofAustraliacameintoeffecton1July1993 Undertheact thebroadcastingandpublishingoftobaccoadvertisementsinAustraliaisbanned apartfromafewlimitedexceptions Theobjectiveoftheactistoimprovepublichealthbylimitingtheexposureofthepublictomessagesandimagesthatmaypersuadethemtostartorcontinuesmoking 60Minutes TheTVprogram60MinutesinAustraliafirstwenttoaironFebruary11 1979 ItisAustralia smostsuccessfulcurrentaffairstelevisionprogram ThisprogramattractsmorethanfivemillionviewersaweekacrossAustraliaandisrebroadcastinanother65countriesaroundtheworld Bytellingstoriesthroughtheeyesofthoseinvolved bypersonalizingstoriesandissues bywritinginarelaxed contemporaryfashion 60Minuteshasbrokennewgroundinthereportingofcurrentaffairs Nocountryistooremote nostorytoodangerous notopictoodifficultforthe60Minutesteam TextComprehension 1 HeregretsthewayheportrayedsmokinginthemovieBasicInstinct Hethinksheissomehowresponsibleforthosekilledbysmoking 2 Theyhaveenjoyedalongandlusciousrelationship Smokinghasbeenahelpfultooltorevealsexappeal mystery andstyle 3 No theyholdadifferentview Theythinkwhetheracharactersmokesornotshouldbedecidedbythecharacter spersonality 4 Filmmakersarefaithfultotheirart Theiraimistoportray characterorpersonalitytrulyandhonestly Ontheotherhand socialworkersshowgreatconcernforpeople andwhatisgoodforhumanbeings TextComprehension 5 InHollywoodmoviessmokingisoftenportrayedas glamorousactivity butAustralianmoviesareoftenrealisticintheirportrayalofsmoking 6 Theactaimstolimitthepublic sexposuretosmokingandtobaccoproductsbycontrollingtheairingofcigarettecommercialsonTV 7 WhenitcomestoTVseriesandprograms theact sapplicationisopentointerpretation Ifthetobaccoadisbroadcastaccidentallyandthebroadcasterreceivesnobenefit nowrongdoingisconsideredtohaveoccurred ButaccordingtotheActapersonmustnotknowinglyairatobaccoadvertisement Languagepoints afarcry somethingthatisafarcryfromsomethingelseisverydifferentfromitaccomplicen Shebecamehisunwittingaccompliceintherobbery a n criminal principal secrete unwilling allegedaccomplice Languagepoints blatantadj ablatantattempt liebreachn heal makeup commit constitute leadto causeabreachTheaccidentcausedanirreparablebreachbetweenthetwocountries aclear fundamental deliberate politicalbreachabreachofdutySellingtheproducttoanotherdistributorisaclearbreachoftheagreement Languagepoints buggerupIfsomeonebuggerssomethingup theyruinitorspoilit domainn a n private public InternetdomainThecareofolderpeopleisbeingplacedfirmlywithinthedomainofthefamily Languagepoints feraladj feralcats pigeonsferventlyadv Heferventlybeggedusnottogo Derivation ferventadj aferventdesiretowinfervencyn Languagepoints loathadj Hewasloathtoseehergo Syn unwilling disinclined reluctantDerivation loathev Iloathethemodernart Evenafteryearsofpractice hestillloathedmakingpublicspeeches loathingn Languagepoints oozev Bloodwasoozingoutof fromthewoundonhisleg Shewalkedintothepartyoozingwithconfidence Derivation oozyadj Languagepoints recklesslyadv Derivation recklessadj recklessdrivingberecklessofexpenditure dangerItwasrecklessofhimtoleaveajobbeforehehadanotherone Hehadalwaysbeenrecklesswithmoney recklessnessn Languagepoints stancen adopt takeup alter change maintainastanceThePresidenthasadoptedatoughstanceonterrorism acorrect natural defensive cautious political publicstance Reading4Publicsmoking Commonsenseforthecommongood GoldenRuleGoldenRuleisfoundinthescripturesofnearlyeveryreligion Itisoftenregardedasmostconciseandgeneralprincipleofethics GoldenRule SeethefollowingforsomeexamplesoftheGoldenRule Whatishatefultoyou donotdotoyourfellowmen ThatistheentireLaw alltherestiscommentary JewishFai